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中曽根康弘 《政治與人生︰中曾根康弘回憶錄》;張超英《宮前町九十番地》

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Former Japanese Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone has died. He was 101 years old.
Nakasone was born in Takasaki City in Gunma Prefecture in 1918. He entered politics in 1947, winning a seat in Japan's Lower House of the Diet. He held the seat for 20 consecutive elections.
中曽根康弘元首相が101歳で死去 国鉄民営化進める
https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASMCY45NTMCYUTFK00K.html
#中曽根康弘 元首相が死去しました。「 #戦後政治の総決算」を掲げ、 #国鉄分割民営化 などに取り組みました。外交では、「西側陣営の一員」の立場を鮮明にし、レーガン米大統領と「 #ロン・ヤス」の関係を築きました。

圖像裡可能有1 人

2本《政治與人生》:

UDN連名字都搞錯了,是「康弘」而非「康宏」⋯他是東瀛政壇「風見雞」,終戰前,奉調來台服役時在左營待過,故台灣的南方友人不少,曾於1957年以眾議員身份再訪台灣,喜以「結緣、尊緣、隨緣」為座右銘廣結善緣!在世時曾於其發跡處的群馬縣高崎舊居
創立「青雲塾」,自立派系,生前遺著「日本的主張」「政治與人生」等書,前者與李登輝「台灣的主張」書名類同,後者的書名則是與林洋港遺著完全ㄧ樣!可能是台灣兩位大人物都讀過中曾根康弘之書?這是「 日台緣份」*
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《政治與人生︰中曾根康弘回憶錄》書內相當多日本事情:

国際日本文化研究センター(日文研 1987~) 的創設。
国際日本文化研究センター(日文研)は、日本の文化・歴史を国際的な連携・協力の下で研究するとともに、世界の日本研究者を支援するという大切な使命をもった、国の交付金によって運営されている大学共同利用機関です。この使命を推し進めるために、国内のみならず国外からの研究者も参加する共同研究を組織し、毎年海外でも各種の国際研究集会を開催しています。また、海外から人文・社会科学の諸分野の研究者を数多く招いて、最新の研究成果や情報に基づく研究協力あるいは海外の研究情報収集なども行っています。
海外の日本研究は、日本との政治的あるいは経済的な関係を反映して、成熟期を迎えた国や地域、成長途上にある国や地域、緒についたばかりの国や地域などさまざまな段階にあります。日文研は、そのような事情を汲み取りつつ、それに見合った形での学術交流・研究支援を行うことで、より正確で奥行きのある日本理解が進むように努力するとともに、研究者のネットワークづくりを進め、今日では他の追随を許さない国内外の日本研究者の重要な研究拠点となっています。
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中曾根康弘親自跟昭和天皇請教乃木希典臨死前跟皇族三小朋友授課,只有昭和 (長子)耐性聽完課。

司馬遼太郎殉死』(1967年、文藝春秋) - 乃木希典児玉源太郎

司馬が収集した資料については、戦記レイテ戦記の著者大岡昇平が、司馬の著作殉死への評論を通じ、司馬の歴史小説に対し「時々記述について、典拠を示してほしい、と思うことがある」「面白い資料だけ渡り歩いているのではないか、という危惧にとらえられる」と苦言を呈している[18]




政治與人生︰中曾根康弘回憶錄





內容簡介

即使那麼遙遠,也走到了那片,荻蒿之原。

這是作者昭和五十七年(1982年)十一月二十七日就任內閣總理大臣時的感懷。這是在初次當選國會議員三十五年後、成為率領一派的派系領袖十五年後。作者這個木材廠出身的小子,從朔風強勁的上州,咬緊牙關,不畏風雨,一路走來,終于到達了“蔌蒿之原”。

政治家就像豉蟲一樣。漂在水面上有時同向而行,有時逆向而行,過些時候又會同行。但是,如果游入大河的話,就都會被急流沖走。今天的政敵也許就是明天的朋友。

政治就是一首人生交響曲,也是由人們組成的一部電視劇,有時是悲劇,有時是喜劇。政治是一種統治行為,因此,它就是人們的喜怒哀樂、理想、愛情、謀略、敬佩、背叛、恩怨等各種各樣的人性交織的曼荼羅。

現在,作者深切地感到政治也好、人生也罷,運氣是很重要的。雖說“天時、地利、人和”,但沒有運氣也難成大事。在歷史進程中出現這種必要時,仿佛神明就會將恩寵帶給某個個人或國家。

目錄

出版致辭
“政治就是一首人生交響曲”
官邸的大樹——代序言
第一章 三歲看老
經營木材生意的父親和母親
上州大自然的啟示
保險起見人“靜高”
追求藝術的年代
天上星星似母親
第二章 海軍主計中尉
“兩年現役”造就海軍魂
青葉艦上圍繞開戰展開的爭論
設營隊員的奮戰
狙擊鱷魚秘聞
靜和寮的歌聲
懷念濱田大佐
難忘的恩師——落合先生
弟弟良介陣亡
第三章 通往政治家之路
把握戰機
國破山河在
“青年懇談會”的誕生
瞞著父親辭官
騎著白色自行車四處演說
首相官邸的青年將校
蘇峰先生的人物評價
青雲塾和日之丸示威游行
第四章 國家重建面臨的挑戰
給麥克阿瑟元帥的建言書
解說日本防衛論
贊成媾和條約,批判安保條約
岸信介、尼克松有關憲法的討論
有關國之根基的兩個質詢——憲法和天皇退位問題
第五章 放眼國際政治
初訪共產主義世界
在速記記錄上被全部刪除的演說
突如其來的原子能和平利用預算
原子能法體系的建立
阿拉伯政策的黎明
世紀權力斗爭鬧劇
邂逅基辛格博士
第六章 政治舞台上的人生百態
俠肝義膽的阪東武士
日蘇談判中的豪賭
吉田茂與河野一郎
“寸鐵殺人”的三木武吉老
暗助“白色之戀”的主角
“首相和戀人由我選擇”——首相公選論
第七章 出任國務大臣
作為科學技術廳長官初次人閣
六○年安保騷動期間的日記
有關日航飛機飛進莫斯科的談判
“志願兵”防衛廳長官
長官,天空翱翔
三島事件
第八章 消磨時光
與肯尼迪兄弟的友誼
聲援小澤征爾君
體驗南極
箱根的蘆湯溫泉碑
日出山莊的孤獨
第九章 政權春秋
成為最年輕的派系領袖
勝負就在咫尺之間
兼任拓殖大學總長
佐藤政權的末期
宰相學
第一次石油危機和派往阿拉伯的密使
與田中角榮先生之間的同期斗爭
第十章 就任內閣總理大臣
土光先生的眼淚
“企業家內閣”的誕生
積極外交推動世界
世界各國的領導人
第十一章 日本的未來
邁向第三次開國
日本首相應有的姿態
航行于“政治之海”
先皇陛下
長途旅行之盡頭
卷末資料1 給麥克阿瑟元帥的建議書
卷末資料2 塔夫特參院議員寄來的信函
卷末資料3 昭和三十九年六月提交給憲法調查總會的最終意見概要
後記

那棵大樹,我也看過。

以前曾經在我們家工作過的一個人,後來從民政黨出馬、當選為縣議會議員。此人時常會來家里坐坐,好像也跟父親伸手要些零花錢。因此,父親常說︰“叫做議員的這些人嘛,無非就是些傳話人或者代言人而已。”

小學五年級時,民政黨的濱口內閣成立,這個人來我家時帶來了內僚成員的影集。我仔細觀看了影集上的每個人,被稱為獅子的濱口雄幸首相的樣子記得最清楚,因為我也時常模仿報刊上他的人物漫畫像隨便畫上幾筆。

濱口首相的事情不知為何一直深印腦海,與他在東京車站遭遇手槍襲擊時說的那句“男人之志”的話一道。

濱口在他的《隨感錄》中曾這樣描述過︰“從首相官邸的和式房間向外望去,庭院中央靠東處有一棵巨大的榧子樹,幾欲刺破青天。夜晚霍然看去,猶如一個默默佇立、頂天立地的巨人,夜深之時,于臥榻之上還能听見幾聲貓頭鷹叫。”濱口似乎總愛凝望那棵大樹,藉此一掃身心之疲憊。

書中還記道︰“在書房讀書閱卷一久,甚感疲乏,此時推窗眺望大樹,頓覺心曠神怡,常有豁然開朗、神清氣爽之感。”

昭和五十七年(1982年)十一月二十六日,我也進入了首相官邸。一心想要做出點政績的我,每逢心身疲憊之時,就會在午夜凝望那棵在黑暗中若隱若現的榧子樹而陷入沉思。孩提時代的我,做夢也沒想過自己也會像那些偉人一樣凝望這棵大樹。每逢此時,肅然之感油然而生。

加上當首相的一千八百零六天,時光已經過去十年。作為一個政治家,撰寫人生回憶錄就如同站在一個以讀者為審判官的歷史法庭的被告席上。因此,在論述中難免有自我辯護之嫌。事實上,擔任首相的五年中我有時也記記日記,現在讀來,不由為其中自我辯護之辭汗顏。

特別是在晚年撰寫的《回憶錄》,動輒成為成功故事的記錄。而實際上人生之中卻多為刻骨銘心的挫折與一連串的失敗,真正堪稱成功之喜悅的只有大選獲勝而已……。每日每夜都充滿著痛苦,那些失敗的記錄,恰是最為彌足珍貴。但我是一個隨意之人,常易忘卻痛苦、回味喜悅。終歸上天也是讓人們常留快樂的記憶,即便在橫渡冥河之際,也讓人們滿懷希望不願放棄生存下去的意念。

芭蕉的俳句“近看夏草盛,功名等黃粱”,大概就是政治家晚年的感慨吧。而另一句“百戰之甲似無殘,其中人身遍傷痕”,卻是在感嘆戰斗本身的宿命吧。

回顧往昔總會想起妻子,漫漫人生路途、遙遙無際山坡,她一直伴我左右、給我激勵和幫助。我的人生道路上滿是坡坎與低谷,她總能忍受並給予我信心,還肩負培育孩子健康成長之重任,應是何等的艱辛。人生常伴榮辱,于我而言,“榮”因妻子而生,“辱”皆由我而起。從這個意義說,這不是《我的回憶錄》,而是《我與妻子的回憶錄》。

政治與人生

作者是朝野素孚眾望的政治家。本書是他從政四十年來工作、讀書、生活、為人處事的修持與體驗,也是他奮鬥過程的平實表白。
全書分三卷:卷一談政治,卷二談人生,卷三談生活。
全文多為作者於夜晚書房燈下,就其所所思所感親撰之短文,部份為應邀之演講或訪問。內容從國家社會廟堂大事,而及個人行事心得,有行事析理的一面,也有輕鬆幽默的一面;處處有「治大國如烹小鮮」的理性感言,也有促膝暢談的老友式聊天,字裡行間,可見其對中國文化的素養和堅守民主的自由信念。

  • 這引述自James Soong FB 的訊息,有三處感想:所謂「山不來就我,我便去就山」⋯並非至理名言,而是回敎先知的穆罕默德敎喻,記得台大登山社曾經譯成「你若喚山、而山不來,便去征服它」,感覺上似較有「氣勢」;再者,陪伴中曾根康弘打球的氏家齊ㄧ為「NTV」會長!並非富士電視(可能記錯,Fuji 是鹿內信隆);最後也最重要的是,這場輕井澤的高爾夫球場並非「不期而遇」(1984年的中曾根如日中天,是三連霸的首相),根據陳柔縉執筆的「宮前町九十番地」ㄧ書,口述者張超英與氏家齊ㄧ為好友,事先獲悉NTV老闆將與首相球敘,遂特別安排刻在日訪問的宋楚瑜伉儷專程到群馬縣(中曾根選區)的避暑勝地,雙方「約好」在球場的中途點碰到並合照(藉此遠離並避開緊隨在側的日本記者團);結果,此一「不可能的任務」(日本在位首相與台灣官方發言人)達成後,駐日代表馬樹禮「吃味」⋯導致東京新聞組長張超英「丟官」!直到李登輝上任總統再回聘「C.Y.張」回日擔

The Lotus Sutra (tran.Burton Watson) ;Chapter 8 of the Lotus Sūtra (‘The Prophecy of Enlightenment for Five Hundred Disciples’)

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The Lotus Sūtra (Sanskrit: Saddharma Puṇḍarīka Sūtra) is one of the most popular and influential Mahāyānasūtras, and the basis on which the Tiantai and Nichiren schools of Buddhism were established.

妙法蓮華經》,簡稱《法華經》,(梵文सद्धर्मपुण्डरीकसूत्रSad-dharma Puṇḍárīka Sūtra)。梵文 Sad-dharma,中文意為「妙法」。Puṇḍárīka意譯為「白蓮花」,以蓮花(蓮華)為喻,象徵每個眾生都有本來自性清淨的真如佛性,出淤泥而不染,比喻佛法之潔白、清淨、完美。Sūtra意為「經」,故此經之全名為《妙法蓮華經》。
《妙法蓮華經》說一乘圓教,表清淨了義,究竟圓滿,微妙無上。《法華經》是佛陀釋迦牟尼晚年所說教法,屬於開權顯實的圓融教法,大小無異,顯密圓融,顯示人人皆可成佛之一乘了義。在五時教判中,屬於法華、涅槃之最後一時。因經中宣講內容至高無上,明示不分貧富貴賤,只要依循「佛菩提道」完成五十二個位階,人人皆可成佛,比起其他經典尚有階級上下之分,所以《法華經》也譽爲「經中之王」。

The Lotus Sutra of the Wonderful Law, in eight volumes and twenty eight chapters, translated by Kumarajive in 406 AD. 其中以鳩摩羅什譯本最為通行,七卷二十八品,六萬九千餘字,收錄於《大正藏》第9冊,經號262。只有鳩摩羅什譯本包涵了〈提婆達多品〉,其他版本,連同梵文本在內,都沒有這一品。


法華宗旨

在大乘佛法興起的時代,有了以「聲聞」、「緣覺」為二乘或小乘,以「菩薩」 為大乘的說法。《法華經》就是在這種背景下結集的代表作品,提出了「開權顯實」、「會三歸一」的思想,融會三乘為一乘(佛乘)。以「聲聞」、「緣覺」二乘 為方便(權)說,「二乘」終究要以成佛為最終目標(如「化城喻品」所說),開啟了「回小向大」的門徑,這是一種嶄新的學說思想,也是本經的主旨所在,在佛 教思想史上佔有至關重要的地位。

各品大意

  • 第一序品:是本經的總序,佛說無量義經後,入無量義處三昧,天上降下種種妙華,佛的眉間白毫放大光明。彌勒菩薩因疑發問,文殊師利菩薩作答:過去諸佛宣說《法華經》前,皆現此瑞。暗示佛說此經之殊勝處有別於他經,喚起大眾的注意。
  • 第二方便品:此品與壽量品,是《法華經》的兩大中心,為本經正宗分。佛由三昧起,稱嘆諸佛智慧甚深無量,難解難入,佛說諸佛究竟了知諸法實相——「十如是」。為令聲聞、緣覺二乘人斷苦縛,得涅槃,佛以方便力,曾分說三乘之教,今日所說才是佛的真實教法。五千增上慢者退席,佛乃宣示唯一大事因緣,所謂開、示、悟、入佛之知見;一切眾生皆當作佛,實無三乘。
  • 第三譬喻品:自此品至* 第九「授學無學人記品」為止的七品,是將方便品內容進一步以譬喻及因緣加以說明。本品說明舍利弗最先領解佛意,故被授記為華光如來。佛將三界譬喻為火宅,將三乘喻為「羊、鹿、牛三車」,將一佛乘喻為「大白牛車」,以有名的「火宅喻」和「三車一車」之喻,顯示「於一佛乘,分別說三」及「唯有一乘法,無二亦無三」的深義。
  • 第四信解品:須菩提、迦旃延、大迦葉、目犍連,於上品領解佛意。佛更說「長者窮子」喻,佛喻為大慈悲的長者,三乘譬喻為窮子,導出「於一乘道,隨宜說三」的結論。
  • 第五藥草喻品:佛應四人之請,更以「三草二木」將人天二乘譬喻為大、中、小藥草,將上根、下根菩薩喻為大樹和小樹,將佛的平等智慧譬喻為一味之雨。三千大千世界的大小長短諸種草木,悉受一味之雨而潤澤成長,如同佛以一相一味之法,平等利益一切眾生。
  • 第六授記品:授大迦葉等四人將來成佛之記。
  • 第七化城喻品:先說大通智勝佛時十六王子聽講《法華經》而轉為菩薩沙彌,後乃成佛。次說「化城喻」,三乘之果不外是化城,目的是為入佛智慧、最終成佛。
  • 第八五百弟子授記品:富樓那為上首,五百弟子皆得受記。次說「系珠喻」,五百弟子雖都懷有佛種,但未開悟,由煩惱覆藏,如衣里藏有寶珠,但因不知,故處於窮困之境。
  • 第九授學無學人記品:阿難、羅睺羅為上首。
  • 第十法師品:佛在世或滅度後,凡隨喜聽聞《法華經》者均授予成佛的記別。又舉出修行、受持、讀誦、解說、書寫本經的「五種法施」和供養本經的「十種」功德。說謗法者之罪,並說鑿井喻。
  • 第十一見寶塔品:多寶佛塔從地湧出,證明釋尊所說真實不虛。釋迦如來以神力,三變淨土,分身諸佛咸集,開多寶佛塔。多寶如來,分半座與釋尊同座。
  • 第十二提婆達多品:說如來往昔求法,師事阿私仙得聞妙法。又授提婆達多成佛記。文殊入龍宮說《法華經》,八歲龍女聞經即身成佛,證明《法華經》功德廣大。
  • 第十三勸持品:藥王、大樂說和兩萬菩薩,各各發願弘揚《法華經》。被授記的五百阿羅漢及學無學八千人,以及八十萬億那由他無數菩薩,皆誓願弘此經典。
  • 第十四安樂行品:文殊請問末世持經方法,佛告以身、口、意、誓願四安樂行,並以轉輪聖王髻中明珠罕見授人來譬喻佛不輕易講說經中最尊最勝的《法華經》。
  • 第十五從地湧出品:六萬恆沙菩薩及其眷屬從地湧出,大眾疑惑,不知此等恆河沙數菩薩為誰之弟子?從何處而來?此為佛開顯「久遠實成」佛果的序曲。
  • 第十六如來壽量品:釋尊說明「我實成佛以來,無量無邊百千萬億那由他劫」,而其中間乃至今生,皆是方便示現。又說「佛壽長遠」、「佛身常住」。以 良醫之譬喻說明為救眾生而示現方便。佛實際上是「常在靈鷲山」、「常住說此法」,為使眾生不起懈怠之念,故示現滅度。此品旨在說明佛陀「壽命之無量」、 「教化之無量」、「慈悲之無量」及「救濟之無量」。
  • 第十七分別功德品:說明與會者聞法獲益之多,和五品弟子功德。
  • 第十八隨喜功德品:是繼上品所說者,說明聽聞、講述此經的廣大功德。
  • 第十九法師功德品:明五種法師的功德,得六根清淨神通力。
  • 第二十常不輕菩薩品:說明常不輕菩薩,以隨喜行,得清淨六根,說《法華經》,以此顯示讚歎本經功德。
  • 第二十一如來神力品:佛出廣長舌相,放毛孔光。以此神力,為囑付滅後傳此經,捷要地說此經功德。此經所在之處就是道場,諸佛在此處成道、轉法輪,並在此處涅槃。
  • 第二十二囑累品:此品為對諸菩薩「總付囑」,三摸眾菩薩頂而囑付之。
  • 第二十三藥王菩薩本事品:自此品開始到第二十八勸發品,詳說佛滅後弘此經的必要及弘經的功德。本品舉出藥王菩薩過去為一切眾生喜見菩薩,燒臂供養,以報答聽日月淨明德佛講《法華經》之恩。
  • 第二十四妙音菩薩品:敘述變現34身,說《法華經》的妙音菩薩,從東方淨光莊嚴國來到靈鷲山,禮拜釋尊及多寶佛塔,以顯宣說《法華經》的重要意義。
  • 第二十五觀世音菩薩普門品:無盡意菩薩請問觀世音菩薩的神通因緣,佛為說14種無畏,32種應化身等種種功德。
  • 第二十六陀羅尼品:菩薩及天神等,各各說咒護持受持《法華經》者。
  • 第二十七妙莊嚴王本事品:述說藥王、藥上二菩薩的往昔事跡,他們為淨藏、淨眼二王子時,勸父母歸依其師雲雷音王佛,使他們聽講《法華經》的大善因緣,以顯示遇佛、聽《法華經》之難得。
  • 第二十八普賢菩薩勸發品:佛為普賢說佛滅度後得《法華經》的四個方法。普賢發願護持受《法華經》者。
《法華經》為弘揚佛陀的真實精神,採用了偈頌、譬喻(法華七喻)等,讚歎永恆的佛陀(久遠實成之佛),說釋迦牟尼佛成佛以來,壽命無限,現各種化身,以種種方便說微妙法。由於行文流暢,詞藻優美,在佛教思想史、文學史上,具有不朽的價值,是自古以來流布最廣的經典。


The Lotus Sutra

Front Cover
Columbia University Press, 1993 - 359 pages
Since its appearance in China in the third century, the Lotus Sutra has been regarded as one of the most illustrious scriptures in the Mahayana Buddhist canon. The object of intense veneration among generations of Buddhists in China, Korea, Japan, and other parts of East Asia, it has attracted more commentary than any other Buddhist scripture and has had a profound impact on the great works of Japanese and Chinese literature. Conceived as a drama of colossal proportions, the text takes on new meaning in Burton Watson's translation. Depicting events in a cosmic world that transcends ordinary concepts of time and space, the Lotus Sutra presents abstract religious concepts in concrete terms and affirms that there is a single path to enlightenment - that of the bodhisattva - and that the Buddha is not to be delimited in time and space. Filled with striking imagery. memorable parables, and countless revelations concerning the universal accessibility of Buddhahood, the Lotus Sutra has brought comfort and wisdom to devotees over the centuries and stands as a pivotal text in world literature. As Watson notes, "The Lotus Sutra is not so much an integral work as a collection of religious texts, an anthology of sermons, stories and devotional manuals, some speaking with particular force to persons of one type or in one set of circumstances, some to those of another type or in other circumstances. This is no doubt one reason why it has had such broad and lasting appeal over the ages and has permeated so deeply into the cultures that have been exposed to it."



Contents

IV
3

V
23

VI
47

VII
80

VIII
97

IX
117

X
143

XI
154

XIX
233

XX
245

XXI
251

XXII
265

XXIII
272

XXIV
277

XXV
280

XXVI
290

XII
160

XIII
170

XIV
182

XV
190

XVI
196

XVII
212

XVIII
224



Popular passages

Page 340 - No-form, are entirely of the mind. If the mind is not at rest, horses and oxen and the Seven Precious Things and Palaces and Pavilions are of no use. With this lonely cottage of mine, this hut of one room, I am quite content. If I go out to the Capital I may feel shame at looking like a mendicant priest...
Page 59 - Shariputra, when the Buddha sees this, then he thinks to himself, I am the father of living beings and I should rescue them from their sufferings and give them the joy of the measureless and boundless Buddha wisdom so that they may find their enjoyment in that. Shariputra, the Thus Come One also has this thought: if I should merely employ supernatural powers and the power of wisdom; if I should set aside expedient means and for the sake of living beings should praise the Thus Come One's insight,...
Page 6 - Therefore, knowledge is symbolized by "the Buddha who emits the ray of light from the tuft of white hair between his eyebrows...
Page 24 - But stop, Shariputra, I will say no more. Why? Because what the Buddha has achieved is the rarest and most difficult-to-understand Law. The true entity of all phenomena can only be understood and shared between Buddhas. This reality consists of the appearance, nature, entity, power, influence, inherent cause, relation, latent effect, manifest effect, and their consistency from beginning to end.
Page 188 - You suppose that in this short time you have been able to attain the unsurpassed way. But this is difficult to believe. Why? Because a woman's body is soiled and defiled, not a vessel for the Law. How could you attain the unsurpassed bodhi? The road to Buddhahood is long and far-stretching. Only after one has spent immeasurable kalpas pursuing austerities, accumulating deeds, practicing all kinds of paramitas, can one finally achieve success. Moreover, a woman is subject to the five obstacles. First,...
Page 164 - Infinite thousand myriad kotis are the sutras I preach, whether already preached, now being preached, or to be preached in the future; and, among them all, this Law-Flower Sutra is the most difficult to believe and the most difficult to understand.
Page 59 - He is born into the threefold world, a burning house, rotten and old, in order to save living beings from the fires of birth, old age, sickness and death, care, suffering, stupidity, misunderstanding, and the three poisons; to teach and convert them and enable them to attain anuttara-samyak-sambodhi. "He sees living beings seared and consumed by birth, old age, sickness and death, care and suffering, sees them undergo many kinds of pain because of the five desires and the desire for wealth and profit.
Page 23 - The wisdom of the Buddhas is infinitely profound and immeasurable. The door to this wisdom is difficult to understand and difficult to enter. Not one of the voice-hearers or pratyekabuddhas is able to comprehend it.
Page xxviii - THE THREEFOLD LOTUS SUTRA The Sutra of Innumerable Meanings, the Sutra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Law, and the Sutra of Meditation on the Bodhisattva Universal Virtue Translated by Bunno Kato, Yoshiro Tamura. and Kojiro Miyasaka, with revisions by WE Soothill, Wilhelm Schiffer, and Pier P.
Page 227 - Thus, since I attained Buddhahood, an extremely long period of time has passed. My life span is an immeasurable number of asamkhya kalpas, and during that time I have constantly abided here without ever entering extinction. Good men, originally I practiced the bodhisattva way, and the life span that I acquired then has yet to come to an end but will last twice the number of years that have already passed.
Appears in 4 books from 1993-2005


This lavishly decorated scroll contains Chapter 8 of the Lotus Sūtra (‘The Prophecy of Enlightenment for Five Hundred Disciples’). The Lotus Sūtra, is one of the most influential scriptures of Mahāyāna Buddhism in East Asia.
In the upper section of the image we see Buddha granting promises of Buddhahood to his disciples. Below are scenes from the parable of a man who leads a life of poverty and hardship, unaware that many years before a friend had sewn a priceless jewel into his robe, an allusion to the teachings of the Buddha. The manuscript was created in Japan in 1636. It is decorated with gold and silver ink on indigo-dyed paper. This scroll is thought to be part of a set twenty-eight scrolls presented by Emperor Go-Mizunoo (1596–1680) to the Tōshōgū Shrine in Nikkō, the mausoleum of the Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542–1616).
Feast your eyes on more stunning Buddhist objects in our current exhibition: ow.ly/VsPS50xjQHS
Shelfmark: Or 13926
未提供相片說明。

【#人與書國際週報】002:Northrop Frye :《批評的剖析》: 《摩登世紀》The Modern Century ;《培養想像》The Educated Imagination ;《世俗的經典》︰《傳奇故事結構研究》

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中國 (含香港)對文學批評大師Northrop Frye的作品,約翻譯出版10本 (加拿大政府補助)。
他的演講也很有意思;The Modern Century 摩登世紀;1963 The Educated Imagination『教養のための想像力』江河徹・前田昌彦訳 太陽社 1969 中文 培養想像,2019等,可讀。

Northrop Frye 
Wikipedia

    培養想像
文學在當今世界有什麼意義?
像我們這樣的科學文明,是否可能最終超越並不再需要文學?
在加拿大文學理論界代表人物,原型批評創始人諾思羅普·弗萊看來,「文學屬於人們建造的世界。而不是人們看到的世界;它屬於人的家園,而不是人的生存環境」。
諾思羅普·弗萊(Northrop Frye,1912—1991)
弗萊是加拿大文學領域的傑出代表,1951年入選加拿大皇家學會,1967年任多倫多大學教授,曾獲加拿大勳章、加拿大總督文學獎、多倫多文科終身成就獎等眾多獎項。2000年,加拿大政府為紀念弗萊,發行了弗萊主題郵票並設立了諾思羅普·弗萊國際藝術節。
從弗萊的《批評的解剖》開始,文學批評真正被當作一門獨立的學科,對其自身進行比較系統的探討。弗萊另著有《世俗的經典》《神力的語言》等30餘部著作,他在文學領域的影響力毋庸置疑:
哈羅德·布魯姆(著名文學批評家、理論家)稱,「所有教授文學解讀的人都受惠於他的訓導和榜樣」
瑪格麗特·阿特伍德(著名小說家)說,「他沒有把文學鎖入象牙塔,相反,他強調對於一個文明且合乎人道的社會的發展,文學占有中心地位」。
馬歇爾·麥克盧漢(20世紀著名媒介理論家、思想家)更是毫不吝嗇對他的讚賞——諾里(諾思羅普的暱稱)無需為贏得太陽底下的一席之地而努力,他就是太陽。
《培養想像》
[加拿大]諾思羅普·弗萊 著
李雪菲 譯
三輝圖書 | 中國華僑出版社
2019-6
三輝圖書天貓專營店現已上架
認識諾思羅普·弗萊,不妨從《培養想像》這本小書開始。
這本書收錄了弗萊的六堂文學課,可視為通向弗萊理論的入門讀物,它很好地展現了弗萊對於原型批評理論的運用——文學的價值幾何?不同文學作品是否套用了共同的神話原型?如何揭穿變得虛偽的日常修辭?怎樣用文學批評的方式閱讀一則廣告?弗萊認為,面對滿是虛假幻象的現實世界,只有想像能讓我們從中脫身。
從荷馬、賀拉斯到莎士比亞、拜倫,再到馬克·吐溫、W. H. 奧登,弗萊縱橫古今世界文學,像一位經驗豐富的老偵探,為你揭示文學作品中反覆出現的母題,講解包括象徵、隱喻在內的各種文學手法,談論文學的意義和閱讀技巧,梳理出一條條線索,使我們在文學的迷宮中豁然開朗,並將受到滋養的想像運用到日常生活中。

原文網址:https://kknews.cc/culture/bzm8lym.html




關於

NPR 訪問'How to Read the Bible' by Marc Zvi Brettler ,想起應該介紹加拿大的著名文評家Professor Herman Northrop Frye, (July 14, 1912 – January 23, 1991) was a Canadian literary critic, one of the most distinguished of the twentieth century….In 2000, he was honoured by the government of Canada with his image on a postage stamp. A festival devoted to Frye's works takes place every April in Moncton, New Brunswick.


作品大要及其翻譯

Works by Northrop Frye【各書的另外翻譯和簡介,參考《弗萊文論選集》北京大學出版社, 1998 之附錄】
The following is a list of his books, including the volumes in the Collected Works of Northrop Frye, an ongoing project under the editorship of Alvin A. Lee.
《弗萊研究:中國與西方》中國社會科學, 1996
《弗萊研究:現狀與展望》(英文本)上海外語教育出版社, 2001
《弗萊文論選集》北京大學出版社, 1998
Fearful Symmetry
Anatomy of Criticism 《批評的剖析》天津:百花文藝, 1998 修正版 2006
The Educated Imagination 《想像力的修養》
The Well-Tempered Critic 《創造與再創造》
Creation and Recreation 《穩練的批評家》
以上三書合一書由內蒙古大學出版社, 2003
Fables of Identity
T.S. Eliot
A Natural Perspective: The Development of Shakespearean Comedy and Romance
The Return of Eden: Five Essays on Milton's Epics
Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy
The Modern Century 《現代百年》盛寧譯(譯自The Modern Century) 。香港:牛津大學出版社,1998;遼寧教育
A Study of English Romanticism
The Stubborn Structure: Essays on Criticism and Society
The Bush Garden: Essays on the Canadian Imagination
The Critical Path: An Essay on the Social Context of Literary Criticism 《批評之路》
The Secular Scripture: A Study of the Structure of Romance
Spiritus Mundi: Essays on Literature, Myth, and Society
Northrop Frye on Culture and Literature: A Collection of Review Essays
The Great Code: The Bible and Literature 《偉大的代碼:聖經與文學》北京大學出版社, 1998
Words with Power: Being a Second Study of The Bible and Literature 《神力的語言》北京:社會科學文獻出版社, 2004
Divisions on a Ground: Essays on Canadian Culture
The Myth of Deliverance: Reflections on Shakespeare's Problem Comedies
Harper Handbook to Literature (with Sheridan Baker and George W. Perkins)
On Education
No Uncertain Sounds
Myth and Metaphor: Selected Essays
Reading the World: Selected Writings
The Double Vision of Language, Nature, Time, and God
A World in a Grain of Sand: Twenty-Two Interviews with Northrop Frye
Reflections on the Canadian Literary Imagination: A Selection of Essays by Northrop Frye
Mythologizing Canada: Essays on the Canadian Literary Imagination
Northrop Frye in Conversation (an interview with David Cayley)
The Eternal Act of Creation
The Collected Works of Northrop Frye
Northrop Frye on Religion



「當『離去』(away)的觀念不再起作用之後,
我們也就不需要『路』(way)了。」(N. Frye《神力的語言》(Being a Second Study of "The Bible and Literature") 吳持哲譯,北京:中國社會科學文獻出版社,2004,p.105)




***** 了不起的翻譯再造:《批評的剖析》
我們介紹過加拿大的著名文評家Professor Herman Northrop Frye, (July 14, 1912 January 23, 1991)著作及其中譯情形。
《弗萊研究:中國與西方》中國社會科學, 1996 /
《弗萊研究:現狀與展望》(英文本)上海外語教育出版社, 2001/
《弗萊文論選集》北京大學出版社, 1998/Anatomy of Criticism 《批評的剖析》天津:百花文藝, 1998 修正版 2006/ The Educated Imagination 《想像力的修養》/ The Well-Tempered Critic 《創造與再創造》/ Creation and Recreation 《穩練的批評家》
其中經典《批評的剖析》(Anatomy of Criticism)(天津:百花文藝,1998 )今年有修正版(2006),很難得。除了內容修正,最重要的是將原注翻譯出來它們可以讓讀者追討作者之博學深思。可惜翻譯上還可以更確切些。 譬如說,第199頁:「……他一生中某種值得大書特書的事(rite de passage)」--我猜這是人類學-社會學中之「成年-啟蒙 之儀式」。
譬如說,第206頁:「說起人類的焚燒,不妨參考D. H. Lawrence的『伊特魯亞名勝』一書中關於朱紅油漆的一番話。」 --恰巧這本書最近有新星出版社的翻譯『伊特魯亞的靈魂』,我們查一下,它/他是說伊特魯亞人和印地安人將身上漆紅彩仿太陽神….



主要作者Frye, Northrop
書名/作者Northrop Frye in conversation / David Cayley
出版項Concord, Ont. : Anansi, 1992
總圖2F人社資料區PN75.F7 A3 1992

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KIRKUS REVIEW


Canada has two celebrated savants: the flashy fellow who calls himself Marshall McLuhan, and the sober and redoubtable Northrop Frye, probably the best literary critic of his generation. The magic word in Frye is ""archetypes,"" around which run the structural principles of Western literature as they present themselves through the context of classical and biblical values, myths, and symbols. But Frye's approach is ultimately scientific in the Aristotelian sense, and his method presupposes a belief in a ""total literary history,"" basically both atemporal and asocial, though not without an ""implicit moral standard."" He might, therefore, seem an unlikely candidate to make so chaotic and slippery a subject as ""the modern century"" come alive for us. Happily, his Whidden Lectures on this theme, delivered recently at McMaster University in honor of the Canadian Centennial, show Frye in splendid form--indeed, his aerial view of culture from Baudelaire to Genet, from a hierarchical aesthetic to an absurdist or apocalyptic one, makes a genuinely sound and attractive summing up. His sense of hidden relationships is always provocative, as when he notes the odd interplay between socio-political decentralization and ""attempts to 'purify' a language,"" or as he develops the notion of an evolving open mythology and the prophetic function modern art has unconsciously assumed. A short work written with economy and grace.


主要作者Frye, Northrop
書名/作者The modern century / NorthropFrye
出版項Toronto : Oxford University Press, c1991
版本項New edition

In this classic book, the resouces of an exceptional critic are brought to bear on questions of prime importance in modern life. Frye presents a brilliant array of ideas and observations on the methodology of our day and its central elements, alienation, and progress; the effects of anthology on the structured society; characteristics commonly associated with the `modern'; antisocial attitudes in modern culture; the role of the arts in informing the contemporary imagination; and finally the way in which the creative arts are absorbed into society through education.

https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/the-modern-century-by-northrop-frye/

The Modern Century [Paperback]

Northrop Frye
  • Paperback: 136 pages
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press; New Edition edition (Oct 1 1991)

Product Description

In this classic book, the resouces of an exceptional critic are brought to bear on questions of prime importance in modern life. Frye presents a brilliant array of ideas and observations on the methodology of our day and its central elements, alienation, and progress; the effects of anthology on the structured society; characteristics commonly associated with the `modern'; antisocial attitudes in modern culture; the role of the arts in informing the contemporary imagination; and finally the way in which the creative arts are absorbed into society through education.

About the Author

Northrop Frye, late Professor Emeritus, University of Toronto.

现代百年


作者: Frye
出版: 辽宁教育出版社 - 1998年出版

全文目录

前言
1事物之末端的城市
作者小引
2改良的双筒望远镜
3智性的月光
4加拿大的文化发展

The modern century is a book-length example of “ethical criticism.” In it Frye attempts to describe the modern “mythology,” which he defines as the “structure of ideas, images, beliefs, assumptions, anxieties, and hopes which express the view of man's situation and destiny generally held” in our time. The first chapter of the book, called “City of the End of Things,” describes “the alienation of progress,” one of the elements which constitute the modern mythology. Modern consciousness, in this reading, ends in despair because of its obsessive need to “keep up” with an impossibly fast stream of events. Its mythical analogue is the medieval legend of the Wild Hunt, “in which souls of the dead had to keep marching to nowhere all day and all night at top speed.” In modern times, the conception of alienation has become psychological, and its “central symbol” is “the overkill bomb.”
In a world where the tyrant-enemy can be recognized, even defined, and yet cannot be projected on anything or anybody, he remains part of ourselves, or more precisely of our own death-wish, a cancer which gradually disintegrates the sense of community.
It is also Frye's contention that modern technology has created a new sense of time. Technology involves “the continued sacrificing of a visible present to an invisible future”:
. . . progress is a social projection of the individual's sense of the passing of time. But the individual, as such, is not progressing to anything except his own death. Hence the collapse of belief in progress reinforces the sense of anxiety which is rooted in the consciousness of death. Alienation and anxiety become the same thing. . . .
For all its concision and clarity, this description of the modern situation ignores those political or historical facts which are the causes and consequences of alienation and anxiety. A radical distrust of the benevolence of progress is indeed one of the emotions which constitute the modern mythology. But that this distrust can issue in a new set of moral choices and political actions is a fact which Frye's vocabulary of cultural forms can engage only in a peripheral way. He can deal with such choices and actions only insofar as they can be “placed” in conceptual space, either juxtaposed or in opposition to other “elements” or “phenomena” that have been sim ilarly isolated and defined by his vocabulary.
To be sure, Frye's vocabulary also brings him to a number of fine critical insights. “Improved Binoculars,” the second chapter of The Modern Century, is concerned to define what is “modern” in modern art and literature. Modern art, Frye says, is “born on a battlefield, where the enemies are the anti-arts of passive impression.” Frye claims that the militant situation in which modern art finds itself has created a radical split, even an antagonism, between the artist and his audience. From this situation has derived the modern affinity for extreme states of feeling, for primitivism, for the outcast, the criminal, and the sadistic, for whatever threatens a passive or a bourgeois response to experience. The adversary position of the artist requires, therefore, that he engage his audience in an intensely active response to his creation.

***






諾思洛普‧弗萊世俗的經典︰傳奇故事結構研究 The Secular Scripture:A Study of the Sturcture of Romance 上海人民出版社 2010

The secular scripture: a study of the structure of Romance - Google 圖書結果

Northrop Frye - 1976 - Bibles - 199 頁
Northrop Frye's thinking has had a pervasive impact on contemporary interpretations of our literary and cultural heritage.


弗 萊在這本書中提供了他所謂的“對于普遍想象和神話的簡略地理課程”。全書著眼于傳奇這個往往被批評家嘲笑的文學模式,揭示出其實很多簡單的故事都是在處理 同樣幾個原型主題或模式。同時,他也向我們揭示了,這些如此被大眾想象所珍視的故事,其實與其他文學文類一樣,都是在言說人類的處境。本書是哈佛諾頓講座 系列叢書之一。該書作者諾思羅普‧弗萊是西方著名的文學批評理論大師,在中國讀者中具有深廣的接受度和聲名,該書是他在哈佛大學諾頓講座的精華結集,極富 啟發,必能引起很好的社會反響。


諾思洛普‧弗萊(Northrop Frye,1912-1991),20世紀最杰出的文學批評家、文學理論家之一。著有《批評的部析》、《偉大的代碼︰聖經與文學》、《神力的語言︰聖經與文學研究續編》等。

詳細資料

  • 規格:平裝 / 218頁 / 15cmX23cm / 普級 / 單色 / 初版
  • 出版地:大陸

目錄


前言
第一章 “神話”與人類世界
第二章 傳奇故事的語境
第三章 苦難小姐︰傳奇故事的男女主人公
第四章 無底的夢境︰墮落之主題
第五章 “這是何地?”︰上升之主題
第六章 神話的復興
注釋
譯後記


西 方的文學理論,是一項專門的學問,甚至有人認為︰理論本身就是一種“文本”,應該精讀。然而中國學界近年來對于這門學問卻是一知半解,有的人往往從譯文 中斷章取義,或望文生義,自作主張“演義”一番,因此錯誤百出,貽笑大方。這個“亂成一團”的現象,必須由行家和有識之士一起來補救。

我 並非西方文學理論的專家,只能把個人經驗誠實道出,公諸同行。記得多年前初入此道時,也的確痛苦不堪,買了大堆理論書回來,卻不知如何著手。我本來學的 是歷史,後來改行教文學,時當20世紀70年代末80年代初,美國學界剛開始吹“法國風”——福柯和德里達的著作逐漸被譯成英文出版,而“解構” (Deconstruction)這個詞也開始風行。不久又听到有所謂“耶魯四人幫”的說法,其中除希利斯‧米勒和哈特曼等人外,尚有一位怪杰保羅‧德‧ 曼(Paul de Man),他的那本反思理論的名著《不察與洞見》(Blindness and Insight)人文學者開始了另—個“轉向”(paradigm shift)——從“結構”到“解構”,從人類學到語言學。然而這個“轉向”背後的歷史是什麼?是否也有一個“譜系”(genealogy)可尋?

于 是,我想到另一種完全不同的閱讀經驗︰20世紀60年代我初抵美國留學時,偶爾買到幾本文學理論的書,包括威爾遜(Edmund Wilson)、特里林(Lionel Trilling)、史丹納(George Steiner)和韋勒克(Rend Wellek)等名家的著作,亦曾瀏覽過。這些名家的文史知識十分豐富,廣征博引,似乎早已遍讀群籍,他們所作的“批評”(criticism)並不僅僅 是對某一經典名著詳加分析而已,而是把一本本書、一個個作家評淪一番,逐漸形成一己的觀點和主題,我認為這是一種西方人文批評的傳統,它可以追溯到英國的 約翰遜(Samuel Johnson)和阿諾德(MatthewArnold),但他們較這兩位以捍衛文化為己任的1 8世紀保守派批評家更為自由(liberal)。特里林有一本書就叫做《自由的想像》(The Liberal Imagination),書名中的“自由”指的當然是人文知識,用當代的話說,就是“通識”教育。特里林的另一本書《誠與真》(Sincerity and Authenticity)則把西方文學史和哲學史上關于主觀和個人的傳統這兩個問題分析得淋灕盡致。

我當 年私淑兩位大師,一是威爾遜,一是史丹納。威爾遜早已是美國文壇的巨人,其評論具有權威性,在文壇交游廣闊,是美國東岸評論界的霸主。我讀了他的《阿 克瑟爾的城堡》(Axel’s Castle)和《到芬蘭車站》(To the Finland Station),佩服得五體投地,因為兩書談的皆非美國文學——前者討論的是法國的象征主義,後者則是描述俄國大革命,而威爾遜足不出戶(指美國),竟 然可以把視野推到蘇聯,大談列寧,而且所書文字優美,讀來猶如小說。可以說,第二本書也是我了解俄國近代史的啟蒙課本,它引起了我對俄國思想史的極大興 趣。幾乎人手一冊。我買來一本看,也不甚了了,只是覺得美國人文學界已經

Little Women': 150 Years Late 《小婦人》150年慶

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In light of the upcoming film adaptation of one of her most famous novels, 'Little Women,' we will be honoring Louisa May Alcott as our #ClassicsInContext Author of the month for December!
Louisa May Alcott was the daughter of transcendentalists, abolitionists, and early feminists. While growing up in poverty, the author worked as a seamstress, servant, governess, and anonymous writer in order to help support the family. This experience is especially close to the story of 'Little Women.' Look out for the trailers for the upcoming film!
To explore more fun facts about this month's author, follow our twitter!
圖像裡可能有1 人、坐下


60年代,台灣書市仍有中英對照 《小婦人》
Little Women at Project Gutenberg

若草物語』(わかくさものがたり、英: Little Women)は1868年に、ルイーザ・メイ・オルコット(Louisa May Alcott 1832年11月29日 - 1888年3月6日)による自伝的小説である。19世紀後半のアメリカを舞台に、ピューリタンであるマーチ家の四人姉妹を描いた物語 ...
Little Women is a novel by American author Louisa May Alcott (1832–1888), which was originally published in two volumes in 1868 and 1869. Alcott wrote the books over several months at the request of her publisher. Following the lives of the ...
5. Louisa May Alcott, Little Women (1868)
The story of the four March sisters as they pass from childhood innocence to young adulthood has endured from one generation to the next, never losing its power to enthrall. The autobiographical novel speeds along, thanks to crisp, realistic dialogue, enduring characters and keen insights into family dynamics. “Meg was Amy's confidant and monitor, and by some strange attraction of opposites Jo was gentle Beth's,” Alcott writes. (Jo was the character most like its author.)“One name will explain my adoration for Little Women: Jo March!” says Booklist senior editor Donna Seaman. “What book-loving young reader doesn't revere Louisa May Alcott's intrepid, ink-stained hero? Of course, Alcott was also one brilliant and gripping storyteller with sharp and knowing opinions. So astutely constructed is this novel, it sustains repeated readings.” (Credit: Transatlantic Press)
教化勵志的其他少年讀物,例如《小婦人》





Little Women (2019 film) - Wikipedia



"Little Women" turned 150 last year. Looking ahead to its film adaptation coming out in December, read our writer's reflections on the novel, criticisms thereof, and its themes that have withstood the test of time.

【#人與書國際週報】004:Joseph Conrad:《黑暗的心》(Heart of Darkness ,1899), "Lord Jim" (1900),"The Shadow-Line: A Confession"

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“The belief in a supernatural source of evil is not necessary; men alone are quite capable of every wickedness.”
Novelist Joseph Conrad was born #onthisday 1857. Of Polish parentage, Conrad became a seaman and voyaged widely in the East, the setting for many of his most famous novels. He became a British subject in 1886, settled in England in 1894 and devoted himself to literature. He slowly established himself as one of the greatest of all English-speaking novelists, with Lord Jim, (1900), Nostromo, (1904), and Under Western Eyes, (1911). Speaking of the portrait, which depicts Conrad before the sea, the author's wife praised the artist for having 'raised a lasting memorial to an artist and a friend'.
圖像裡可能有一或多人和文字




"Sleepe after toyle, port after stormie seas,
Ease after warre, death after life does greatly please"

On this day 1924 Joseph Conrad dies of a sudden heart attack aged 66. His epitaph is fromEdmund Spenser's The Faerie Queene

Sleepe after toil....

Joseph Conrad, author of the novels "Heart of Darkness" and "Lord Jim", died on August 3rd 1924. He explored racial prejudice, moral conflict and the inevitable violence of human nature

‘Words, as is well known, are the great foes of reality’ – novelist Joseph Conrad was born ‪#‎onthisday‬ in 1857. He wrote these words in his novel Under Western Eyes, published in 1911. This portrait by artist Sir Muirhead Bone was made in the 1920s http://ow.ly/V4PPO


"They wanted facts. Facts! They demanded facts from him, as if facts could explain anything."
--from "Lord Jim" (1900) By Joseph Conrad

“No, it is impossible; it is impossible to convey the life-sensation of any given epoch of one’s existence--that which makes its truth, its meaning--its subtle and penetrating essence. It is impossible. We live, as we dream--alone.” 
―from HEART OF DARKNESS


Lord Jim is a classic story of one man's tragic failure and eventual redemption, told under the circumstances of high adventure at the margins of the known world which made Conrad's work so immediately popular. But it is also the book in which its author, through a brilliant adaptation of his stylistic apparatus to his obsessive moral, psychological and political concerns, laid the groundwork for the modern novel as we know it. READ an excerpt here:http://knopfdoubleday.com/book/30813/lord-jim/

Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski was born in Terekhove, Kiev Governorate, Russian Empire on this day in 1857.


“The very young have, properly speaking, no moments. It is the
privilege of early youth to live in advance of its days in all the beautiful
continuity of hope which knows no pauses and no introspection.”
― from "The Shadow-Line: A Confession" By Joseph Conrad


The masterpiece of Joseph Conrad’s later years, the autobiographical short novel The Shadow-Line depicts a young man at a crossroads in his life, facing a desperate crisis that marks the “shadow-line” between youth and maturity.This brief but intense story is a dramatically fictionalized account of Conrad’s first command as a young sea captain trapped aboard a becalmed, fever-wracked, and seemingly haunted ship. With no wind in sight and his crew disabled by malaria, the narrator discovers that the medicine necessary to save the sick men is missing and its absence has been deliberately concealed. Meanwhile, his increasingly frightened first mate is convinced that the malignant ghost of the previous captain has cursed them. Suspenseful, atmospheric, and deceptively simple, Conrad’s tale of the sea reflects the complex themes of his most famous novels, Lord Jim and Heart of Darkness..



In a novella which remains highly controversial to this day, Conrad explores the relations between Africa and Europe. On the surface, this is a horrifying tale of colonial exploitation. The narrator, Marlowe journeys on business deep into the heart of Africa. But there he encounters Kurtz, an idealist apparently crazed and depraved by his power over the natives, and the meeting prompts Marlowe to reflect on the darkness at the heart of all men. This short but complex and often ambiguous story, which has been the basis of several films and plays, continues to provoke interpretation and discussion. Heart of Darkness grew out of a journey Joseph Conrad took up the Congo River; the verisimilitude that the great novelist thereby brought to his most famous tale everywhere enhances its dense and shattering power. Apparently a sailor’s yarn, it is in fact a grim parody of the adventure story, in which the narrator, Marlow, travels deep into the heart of the Congo where he encounters the crazed idealist Kurtz and discovers that the relative values of the civilized and the primitive are not what they seem. HEART OF DARKNESS is a model of economic storytelling, an indictment of the inner and outer turmoil caused by the European imperial misadventure, and a piercing account of the fragility of the human soul.


2011/1/8 與蘇兄說考慮參考Norton版 編出稍深入的版本wikipedia
English
奥地の出張所に着いてみると、25歳のロシア人青 年がいた。青年はクルツの崇拝者だった。青年から、クルツが現地人から神のように思われていたこと、手下を引き連れて象牙を略奪していたことなどを聞き出 した。一行は病気のクルツを担架で運び出し、船に乗せた。やがてクルツは "The horror! The horror!"[2]という言葉を残して息絶えた。

注釈[編集]

  1. ^英語読みでカーツ
  2. ^中野訳「地獄だ! 地獄だ!」、黒原訳「怖ろしい! 怖ろしい!」

Heart of Darkness - Google 圖書結果

Joseph Conrad - 2004 - Fiction - 76 頁
... make, and rather less pretty in shape, but I had expended enough hard work on her to make me love her. No influential friend would have served me better...

Joseph Conrad was born on this day in 1857.

Joseph Conrad was born on this day in 1857
THEPARISREVIEW.ORG|由 SADIE STEIN 上傳



《黑暗的心》 (Heart of Darkness ,1899)王潤華譯 ,台北:志文,   1970, 18元 新潮文庫


我之所以能夠知道這篇演講,是讀了DAVID BROOKS在紐約時報(20101223)寫的The Sidney Awards作品簡介: 去年, William Deresiewicz 美國西點軍校發表一場反建制文化觀點的演講:他告訴那些在狂熱的成就偏執的體制下長大的幹部如何與之抗衡之它探討如何成為領導人而不致淪為組織人
(It’s about how to be a leader, not an organization man.)以下WilliamDeresiewicz的演講孤獨與領導 (Solitude and Leadership)
是去年10月對美國西點軍校一年級生所作的,隨後刊登於The American Scholar (2010年春季號。原文可參考http://www.theamericanscholar.org/solitude-and-leadership/)
.....但我覺得這一領導力想法是錯誤的,甚至是危險的。為了解釋為什麼,我想花幾分鐘談論小說黑暗之心(Heart of Darkness),也許你們當中很多人讀過它。如果你還沒讀過的話,你大概看過改編自它的電影現代啟示錄》(Apocalypse Now)。小說中的馬洛(Marlow)在電影中化身為威拉德上尉(Captain Willard,由Martin Sheen飾演)。小說中的庫爾茨(Kurtz)在電影中為庫爾茨上校(馬龍白蘭度Marlon Brando扮演)。但是,這本小說的背景不是越南,而是關於比利時殖民地剛果,事情比越南戰爭早三代前。馬洛不是軍官,而是民間商船的船長,他是取得比利時皇家經營專利權的公司派出的船長,沿剛果河上溯去找一位藏身於叢林並自立為土匪的經理,他的行徑就像電影裡的庫爾茲上校。 ......



*****http://www.campus.org.tw/public/cm/cm10/0110/0110-11.htm
《黑暗之心》 
歌珊 (歷史工作者)

 
真理隱身於黑暗。
清理軍旅期間遺留的筆記本。六大本生命黑暗時期的紀錄。泛黃、黯淡的扉頁,內容有我從卡夫卡、康拉德、扥瑪斯曼、福樓拜等的作品抄下來的句子。還有一本小冊子,摘錄當年聽華格納音樂的片段感想。此外是一大批父親寫給我的信,散發著腐敗的氣味。
「看柯拉波導演的《現代啟示錄》,改編自康拉德《黑暗之心》的越戰電影。黃昏如死亡之初吻。電影散場了,夾在擁擠的人潮裡感到無比的孤單。好冷台北。他們大概都要回家了罷。我無家可歸。」一九八三年十一月二十三日的筆記,是在一家廉價的旅館留下的隨興之作。
我二十歲,自高雄北上服兵役。應該就是那時候迷上了康拉德(Joseph Conrad, 1857~1924)。不知道是從陳蒼多或是王潤華的翻譯本開始的,《黑暗之心》(Heart of Darkness ,1899)的第一幕也是黃昏的場景,船長 馬羅向他的朋友述說他的非洲之旅。沿著剛果河,馬羅尋找一個叫克如智的謎樣人物。克如智深入原始叢林,為一家比利時貿易公司收購象牙。當地的土著將它視若 為神並奉為領袖。馬羅感到他與克如智之間有種神秘的關聯,一路追尋。河流宛如電纜一般蛇行至剛果的內陸商站,深入西方帝國的地圖。不過當馬羅來到克如智的 象牙王國,克如智已經瘋狂且奄奄待斃。克如智並不像傳說中是「同情、科學與進步的使者」、「為了歐洲委託我們身上的主義的帶路人」;他在叢林稱王,巧取豪 奪,殺人如麻。
事實上存在兩種形象的克如智。一個是帶有理想色彩的克如智。祂吟唱著吉卜林的詩人《白人的負擔》(The White Man's Burden):「你如何將我們自枷鎖、自摯愛的埃及的黑夜解放出來?」克如智強加白人的「文明」給非洲土著,但卻不願真心與他們融合。他本身脫離了文明生活,長年沉溺於孤獨而靈魂終至腐蝕殆盡。克如智不只是殖民主義的共犯,同時也是受害者。這是另一個墮落的克如智。
馬羅的追尋彷如是歐洲人探索自內心幽暗世界的旅程。理想的克如智終於與貪婪無度的帝國主義者面對面了。克如智彌留之際的遺言「恐怖啊,恐怖啊」,似乎是對吉卜林詩句的詮釋,是對西方支配型態的一個註腳。
《現代啟示錄》(Apocalypse Now)建立在康拉德故事所傳達的一個文化強加另一個文化的後果及其隱喻。克如智穿上軍服成寮越邊界自組土著軍隊的殺人魔。維勒上尉奉命捕殺克如智而展開黑暗之旅。或者說,這部電影是探索美國殖民主義在遠東失敗的曖昧理由。
「讀康拉德的小說,《明天》、《追憶法爾克》、《亞密福斯特》、《颱風》。康拉德的文字實在難以征服。」一九八四年三月三十日的軍中筆記。
從中壢到台北,服役的假期我總是到台大附近買書,或跑到西門町二輪戲院看電影,然後固定到一家廉價旅館住下來。夜燈初上,飄搖似鬼火。我在黑暗中追尋我的 良人。旅館房內氤氳著對街霓虹燈水氣,藻荇交錯。康拉德的遊魂總在我身旁行走。他說故事的方式很特殊:故事中的人物不是單線進行,而是以該人物某一時刻的 出現給予人留下深刻的印象開始,之後忽前忽後、多線迂迴的敘述使該人物的形象漸趨豐滿成熟。
康拉德聲調淡淡的說著一個又一個海上冒險的故事,有時就在旅館角落安靜的抽煙。他說他的確到過剛果,圓了兒時的夢:「深夜裡,在非洲的河岸邊,在一艘可憐的小蒸氣船上,星空下一片黑暗,我立於非洲大陸的中心,點燃煙草,感覺很孤獨。」我閱讀了康拉德的《剛果日記》。
「我覺得就像我也被埋在一個寬大、充滿說不出口的秘密的墳墓裡。我感覺到一種不可容忍的重量壓著我的胸部,潮濕泥土的味道,我無法看見的但存在的勝利的腐敗,一個穿不透的夜晚和黑暗.....。」我抄自《黑暗之心》的軍旅筆記。廉價旅館裡我抄寫所讀過的書,並經常做夢,夢見父親巨大的身影在樓梯口背光而立。他轉過身出示他手掌不可告人的命運,反覆說著:「恐怖,恐怖」。
我追溯自身生命的河流,淵面黑暗,而上帝的恩典在水面上行走。
從軍隊退伍多年了。有時候朦朧間,我夢見自己是一隻蝸牛匍伏在犀利的刮鬍刀鋒,迷失了路。到如今,這夢的重量仍在我心底發出沉重墮落的響聲。


... John Hopkins Abinger Harvest (1936) Madame Bovary ( 1857) Tom Jones (1749) Letters from Joseph Conrad (1928), ... Artist (1968), Oliver & Boyd A Reader's Guide to Joseph Conrad (1960), Thames Hudson The Great Tradition (1948), ...
Leonard Orr, ‎Theodore Billy - 1999 - ‎Literary Criticism
In Joseph Conrad: A Commemoration, ed. Norman Sherry. London: ... Joseph Conrad's Mind and Method: A Study of Personality in An. London: Faber & Faber. Meyer, Bernard Constant. ... London: Thames & Hudson. , ed. 1973. Conrad: The ...
Richard J. Hand - 2005 - ‎Literary Criticism
“Christopher Hampton's Adaptation of Joseph Conrad's The Secret Agent”, Conradiana 32:3 (Fall 2000b), 195–202. ——, “Staging an ... Hartnoll, Phyllis, The Theatre: A Concise History (London: Thames and Hudson, 1985). Hastings, Basil ...
Cedric Watts - Literary Criticism
The Life of Joseph Conrad. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994. Karl, Frederick R. Joseph Conrad: The Three Lives. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux; London: Faber ... London: Thames & Hudson, 1972, rpt. 1988; New York: Scribner's, 1977. Watt, Ian.

J. H. Stape, ‎Stape, John Henry Stape, ‎Visiting Professor of English J H Stape - 1996 - ‎Literary Criticism
Conrad and His World. London: Thames &c Hudson, 1972, reprinted 1988; New York: Scribner's, 1977. Handsomely illustrated and well-informed brief summary of the main events of Conrad's life and literary career. Excellent starting-point for ...

【#人與書國際週報】003:Milan Kundera 米蘭‧昆德拉作品集《不能承受的生命之輕》《小說的藝術》The Curtain : An Essay in Seven Parts /Shop Talk:行話

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The brain appears to possess a special area which we might call poetic memory and which records everything that charms or touches us, that makes our lives beautiful ... Love begins with a metaphor. Which is to say, love begins at the point when a woman enters her first word into our poetic memory.
— Milan Kundera (The Unbearable Lightness of Being)

《無謂的盛宴》這本小說是句點,
是遺言,總結了昆德拉的寫作生涯,
也是一場終極的如釋重負。

而以下15部文壇大師米蘭‧昆德拉作品集當中,

玩笑
可笑的愛
生活在他方
賦別曲
雅克和他的主人
笑忘書
生命中不能承受之輕
小說的藝術
不朽
被背叛的遺囑
緩慢
身分
無知
簾幕
相遇

相關作品連結:http://goo.gl/SuyrdP







一個小說家如果不把日
常生活俗務變作為某種無限探索的不可企及的對象,就難以用
實例表現他關於輕的觀念。這正是米蘭·昆德拉( Milan
Kundera)所做的。他做得十分明確,十分直截了當。他的小說
《生活中不可忍受之輕》( The Unbearable Lightness of Being)實
際上是對生活中無法躲避的沉重表示出來的一種苦澀的認可,
這不僅僅存在于他的祖國命定遭受的那種極度的、無所不及的
受壓迫的處境之中,也存在於我們大家所處的人類命運之中,盡
管我們可能要比他們幸運十倍、百倍。對於昆德拉來說,生活的
沉重主要存在於威迫,把我們裹得越來越緊的公共和私人事務
的小孔眼大網般的威迫。他的小說告訴我們,我們在生活中因
其輕快而選取、而珍重的一切,於須臾之間都要顯示出其令人無
法忍受的沉重的本來面目。大概只有憑藉智慧的靈活和機動性
我們才能夠逃避這種判決;而這種品質正是這本小說寫作的依
據,這種品質屬於與我們生活於其中的世界截然不同的世界。
只要人性受到沉重造成的奴役,我想我就應該像柏修斯那
樣飛入另外一種空間裏去。我指的不是逃進夢景或者非理性中
去。我指的是我必須改變我的方法,從一個不同的角度看待世
界,用一種不同的邏輯,用一種面目一新的認知和檢驗方式。我
所尋求的輕逸的形象,不應該被現在與未來的現實景象消溶,不
應該像夢一樣消失……


同情的理解的討論,或許還可以用..Milan Kundera的《不能承受的生命之輕》第9節(上海譯文本,pp.22-3)談compassion 拉丁語源Origin:: Middle English: via Old French from ecclesiastical Latin compassio(n-), from compati 'suffer with'

以及捷克語,波蘭語,德語,瑞典語中的同情---最高境界的情感想像力,指情感的心靈感應藝術。
****

Milan KUNDERA(米蘭‧昆德拉) 《小說的藝術》(L'Art du Roman)慰遲秀譯,台北:皇冠,2004,第6章「73個詞」的譯注:「……作者為譯本刪去十個詞,因為這些文字牽涉到法文字詞的詞源分析,作者認為只有用法文陳述才能理解。所以事實上這裡只收了63個詞條。」(p.147)


【hc評論:這,初讀之下,或許是「似之而非」之論述。就好像說我上述引的種種「罔兩」的引文和作文,只能用中文寫(當然,《林語堂 當代漢英詞典》用spirits或demons of the wild 或'the penumbra'和'fringe shadow'翻譯「罔兩」,對我們母與是漢文的人,多少有點掃興……)。不過,昆德拉先生對於翻譯質量的講究和奮鬥過程,他的大陸譯者汪湄作的《愛是最難的事》(原載《讀書1995第9期,》收入《對話的靈光:米蘭‧昆德拉研究資料輯要》北京:中國有誼出版公司,1999)

其實,KUNDERA雖用法文寫作,我從他給的63詞條中,嗅出很濃厚的捷克風土,譬如說,對於aphorisme(翻譯成「格言」或許是誤譯)、litanie(連禱)、Tchecoslovaquie….如果讀者稿得清楚為什麼「這eliteisme法文字,在1967年才入法語界 文化精英,漸為媒體或商業等領域所取代….」沒什麼理由不原文照給。「作者」太低估他可能的讀者群中的想像力了。)

最重要而值得研究的是舊版《小說的藝術》原有93個關鍵詞,經與譯者討論之後,刪去6條,因為「無法譯寧可不譯」。(《對話的靈光:米蘭‧昆德拉研究資料輯要》頁708)。或許,這種精簡作法,與《林語堂 當代漢英詞典》的重新修改時,後輩大力刪減的做法,道理相同:「質」優於「量」。】

 簡單對照讀兩本《小說的藝術》
Fiction (Henry James) v Roman(Milan Kundera) (in Chinese)

淩越在中國時報(20040426)簡介米蘭‧昆德拉的 《小說的藝術》,他提到:「我手頭有三本以《小說的藝術》
為名的書,作者分別是亨利.詹姆斯、大衛.洛奇和米蘭.昆德拉。……」

以校園小說小世界等知名的英國學者大衛.洛奇的翻譯本,我手頭上沒有,所以不打算含蓋他。不過有其中兩本,作者都是世界級的:

Milan Kundera(米蘭‧昆德拉) 《小說的藝術》(L'Art du Roman)慰遲秀譯,台北:皇冠,2004
Henry James(亨利.詹姆斯) 《小說的藝術》(The Art of Fiction)朱文等譯,上海:譯文出版社,2001(原作主要論文發表於1880s年代)

讀者如果看過我談米蘭.昆德拉的這本著作的歷史,就可以知道這兩本書是不同兩世紀的人寫的東西,也許無法比較,不過對照起來讀應該很有趣、有收穫。

翻譯本都沒有索引。Henry James的作品,原先都為一般讀者的演說或撰寫;無版權,翻譯群為學界,嚴謹。Milan Kundera是翻譯之道上極有經驗和要求的人,關鍵辭中有「遺言」條目,規定那些作品想傳世。

這兩本書以不同的方式處理自己的作品集。不過Henry James的書應該是後人的編作而Milan Kundera的,則是自覺的、刻意的作品。Henry James的書,主要作品為英法俄;語言為英文,不過用了許多(十幾個)法文來表達某些法文優勢處。Milan Kundera的書以歐洲大陸為主(捷克、德語系、法文;當然他對英國的TRISTRAM SHANDY by Laurence Sterne(1703-68)五體投地)。

米蘭‧昆德拉他給的63詞條中對Roman相關的說法有五條以上,最簡單(簡短但不容易了解)為:「偉大的散文形式,作者穿越幾個經驗性的自我(人物),徹底檢視若干存在的主題。」(第177頁)

亨利.詹姆斯對於「虛構的」很重視(「虛構與真理」是文學理論的一子題)。他說:「一部小說之所以存在,其唯一的理由就是它確實試圖表現生活(does attempt to represent life)。」(編者說,他原先發表時的用語是「與生活媲美」(does compete with life)。第5頁。)

人類經過慘烈而輝煌的一百年,不只是見山非山,更有許多對於權力、生存等不同層次的表現和體會,所以後來者見證人類文明的興嘆。亨利.詹姆斯如胡適,用法文fouiller教人去發掘,尋找任何一種寫作的科學方法,或者結構、章法和布局……米蘭‧昆德拉對於翻譯者喜歡用「同義語」在「連禱辭」式段落謀殺原作,深惡痛絕,因為每個字眼都有它獨特的生命。其實,這正是所有藝術家尋尋覓的,努力以求的。「文心」或許沒變,不過世局或許催人老。

附舊文:
Milan KUNDERA(米蘭‧昆德拉) 《小說的藝術》(L'Art du Roman)慰遲秀譯,台北:皇冠,2004,第6章「73個詞」的譯注:「……作者為譯本刪去十個詞,因為這些文字牽涉到法文字詞的詞源分析,作者認為只有用法文陳述才能理解。所以事實上這裡只收了63個詞條。」(p.147)

【hc評論:這,初讀之下,或許是「似之而非」之論述。就好像說我上述引的種種「罔兩」的引文和作文,只能用中文寫(當然,《林語堂 當代漢英詞典》用spirits或demons of the wild 或'the penumbra'和'fringe shadow'翻譯「罔兩」,對我們母與是漢文的人,多少有點掃興……)。不過,昆德拉先生對於翻譯質量的講究和奮鬥過程,他的大陸譯者汪湄作的《愛是最難的事》(原載《讀書1995第9期,》收入《對話的靈光:米蘭‧昆德拉研究資料輯要》北京:中國有誼出版公司,1999)

其實,KUNDERA雖用法文寫作,我從他給的63詞條中,嗅出很濃厚的捷克風土,譬如說,對於aphorisme(翻譯成「格言」或許是誤譯)、litanie(連禱)、Tchecoslovaquie….如果讀者稿得清楚為什麼「這eliteisme法文字,在1967年才入法語界 文化精英,漸為媒體或商業等領域所取代….」沒什麼理由不原文照給。「作者」太低估他可能的讀者群中的想像力了。)

最重要而值得研究的是舊版《小說的藝術》原有93個關鍵詞,經與譯者討論之後,刪去6條,因為「無法譯寧可不譯」。(《對話的靈光:米蘭‧昆德拉研究資料輯要》頁708)。或許,這種精簡作法,與《林語堂 當代漢英詞典》的重新修改時,後輩大力刪減的做法,道理相同:「質」優於「量」。】

Sunday Book Review


'The Curtain: An Essay in Seven Parts'

By MILAN KUNDERA
Reviewed by RUSSELL BANKS
The novel, in Milan Kundera’s view, is a way of busting through the lies regarding human nature and our collective and individual fates.

補記前緣

> > The Curtain is a seven-part essay by Milan Kundera, along with The Art of
> the Novel and Testaments Betrayed composing a type of trilogy of book-length
> essays on the European novel.
> >
> > The Curtain was originally published as "Le Rideau", in French in April
> 2005 by Gallimard. It is also available in Spanish as "El Telón", in German
> as "Der Vorhang", in Portuguese as "A Cortina" in Polish as "Zasłona", in
> Greek as "Ο πέπλος" (O peplos) and in Croatian as "Zavjesa". It was
> published in English on January 30, 2007 by HarperCollins [1].
> >
> > 歐巴桑 留言:「關於昆德拉的窗簾,從法國網站上找到的:
> > 『《帷幕》是對小說的禮讚,是某種對世界、對藝術、對生活與對文學的看法,是倫理與美學不可分割的表達。
> >
> >
> 昆德拉說:「第一個撕毀這條『以神話編織而成的神奇帷幕』的就是塞萬提斯,這條帷幕遮蓋了派唐吉訶德去旅行的所有情事。而「世界在此遊俠騎士赤裸裸的滑稽散文面前得以開展」。』


----

Shop Talk: A Writer and His Colleagues and Their Work

Philip Roth
(Author)


像俚語一樣,行話是從某一群體的成員對某事物的簡稱發展出來。雖然有些條目永遠不可能讓大多數人看得懂,但是大多數使用學術性或專業用詞的條目應為這些用詞提供比一般 ...

From Library Journal

Roth, a Pulitzer Prize winner who has also twice won National Book Critics Circle and National Book awards for his fiction, here presents conversations with and essays on contemporary writers (plus the artist Philip Guston). The interviews with Ivan Kl!ma and Milan Kundera give fascinating insight into the difficult history and political struggles of the former Czechoslovakia. The writers also discuss the dangers of the West's commercial and entertainment cultures, V clav Havel's place in political action, and the nature of totalitarianism. Roth's discussions on Isaac Bashevis Singer and Bruno Schulz illuminate the cultural history of Poland in the Thirties, while his essays on Bernard Malamud and Saul Bellow examine their art, religious heritage, and literary importance. Interviews with Primo Levi and Aharon Appelfeld give insight into different writers' attempts to come to grips with the destruction of the European Jews. Finally, an interview with Edna O'Brien focuses on the importance of place in the life of a writer. Especially interesting is the insight into Roth's own literary concerns of narration, authenticity, and politics. Recommended for all literature collections.
- Gene Shaw, NYPL
Copyright 2001 Reed Business Information, Inc.

【#人與書國際週報】005: 美麗島事件20/35/40周年(1999/2014/2019年)於高雄市歷史博物館;中國勞改

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美麗時代的美麗人物:
圖像裡可能有3 個人、微笑的人、大家站著
未提供相片說明。
邱萬興

一旦向統治者示弱,你就會畏懼退縮
紀念美麗島事件40周年,張榮華大哥是我最想寫的幕後小人物,參與黨外民主運動的人,一定會認識三榮印刷廠的老闆張榮華,幾乎當年的所有黨外雜誌與選舉文宣都是張榮華在印,我因長期做文宣,和三榮印刷廠合作了三十年,常去調整印刷顏色、對稿,每次到三榮,總會見到牆上掛著一張1979年9月美麗島雜誌社英雄好漢合影,張榮華也在其中。
「一旦向統治者示弱,你就會畏懼退縮。」今年剛滿80歲的張榮華,說起話來還中氣十足,提起當年被國民黨特務機關全面監控,開設的三榮印刷廠天天遭人站崗監視,他仍無所畏懼,扛起《美麗島》雜誌的印務工作,要賭的就是一口氣,「絕對不能示弱!」
最近電視媒體與平面媒體都想訪問他,40多年來,張榮華先生始終低調,不願意接受任何媒體採訪。回想他四十年來,沒有政治舞台,沒有掌聲,也沒有權位,沒有賺錢,卻一路情義相挺、無私奉獻給台灣民主運動,面對威權也無絲毫退卻,他不僅是位值得敬重的民主前輩,也是台灣民主價值的最佳表徵。
這篇「無懼的身影」重要的訪問稿,會獨家刊登在「民主之春-美麗島事件40周年」,復刻《美麗島》雜誌, 1979年三榮印刷印過4期《美麗島》雜誌,40年後,蘋果這本40頁的復刻《美麗島》雜誌,特別再次請三榮印刷承印,真的要謝謝蘋果的社長陳裕鑫與編輯巧如,將這麼重要的民主之春給張榮華承印,非常具有時代意義的一本美麗島雜誌第五期,值得您珍藏。
美麗島事件40週年人物故事2




令人感動的出版說明:
圖像裡可能有室內
圖像裡可能有1 人
圖像裡可能有1 人
未提供相片說明。
未提供相片說明。
陳裕鑫追蹤
錯過這次珍藏,
要再等十年,或者沒有機會
四十年前承印《美麗島》雜誌的印刷廠,這幾天正密集趕工印刷、裝訂一本很特別的專刊:
限量版的40頁《民主之春——美麗島事件40周年》專刊。
在12月10日當天,《蘋果日報》將隨報附贈。
看過打樣的人,感動的說:台灣人應珍藏這復刻本。
復刻本由原《美麗島雜誌》主編陳忠信擔任顧問;
當年在創刊號用「吳怡農」當筆名,發表文章的吳乃德,時隔四十年,也在復刻本撰寫深度評論。
為什麼要復刻《美麗島》雜誌?相信許多人會問。
這不只是紀念四十周年改變台灣的美麗島事件,
面對中國鎮壓香港、霸凌台灣之際,
復刻《美麗島》雜誌,就是復刻追求民主,生而無懼的精神


圖像裡可能有17 個人、微笑的人、戶外
圖像裡可能有2 個人、包括陳忠信、微笑的人、大家坐著
邱萬興──和陳忠信
走過黑暗、迎向光明
2019年12月10日為美麗島事件40週年,美麗島事件發生對台灣的民主發展有著深遠的影響;美麗島事件其實促成了台灣的民主化,沒有美麗島事件,就沒有台灣民主。這些美麗島英雄好漢,挺身反抗威權統治,以勇氣、青春犧牲為台灣寫歷史,為了紀念民主前輩對台灣從威權邁向民主的貢獻,感謝他們的努力,我們更要書寫他們的勇敢故事。
《蘋果》更製作40頁精美專刊「民主之春-美麗島事件40周年」,復刻《美麗島》雜誌,邀請我和前美麗島雜誌執行編輯陳忠信擔任這本的編輯顧問,由40年前的三榮印刷廠張榮華先生再次承印,我和《美麗島》雜誌主編陳忠信、美麗島攝影師陳博文先生提供許多珍貴照片,一起邀請讀者見證70年代戒嚴的枷鎖,一起珍藏台灣民主由美麗島到島嶼天光的歷程。這是紀念40年前,《美麗島》雜誌第五期複刻版,值得您珍藏,敬請期待上市。


"陳忠信:時序進入12月。四十年前的12月,我經歷人生中的一件大事。四十年後,這一、二個月,陸續有媒體訪問我、約稿子。原來美麗島事件四十年了!......."
謹以五年前影片記念
YOUTUBE.COM

人權日-美麗島事件紀念日 陳忠信主講
人權日-美麗島事件紀念日( 2014.12.10 私人聚會) 1979年高雄美麗島事件已滿35週年,今天我處有邀約小聚會:陳忠信(杭之)、唐香燕、胡慧玲、蘇錦坤,吳鳴(彭明輝)、鍾漢清、楊澤泉...... Civil Society 稱之為民間社會(公民、市民),.....
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中國勞改
可設定自動翻譯/字幕 c.c.

四年前的這部勞改電影又重播了,當中全部音樂是我和大提琴搭檔馬庫斯一塊做的。下面的中德文對照,是電影的結尾。影片進行到34分鐘,有我朗誦大屠殺的片段,不得不說拍得很棒。
Ihre Rede in der Paulskirche trägt den Titel “Dieses Imperium muss auseinanderbrechen.“ Das Reich ist nicht nur geblieben und wird zu einer Supermacht in unserem 21. Jahrhundert. Das Reich ist nicht nur eine Wirtschaftssupermacht und ist dabei oder sogar gelungen, sein politisches Territorium für sich zu behaupten. Wie sehen Sie dieses Imperium, dieses Phänomen? Wie viele Hoffnungen machen Sie noch mit Blick auf Ihre Rede?
你獲德國書業和平獎,在聖保羅教堂致辭的題目是“這個帝國必須分裂”。然而這個帝國不僅沒有分裂,而且值此二十一世紀它越來越強大,它不僅是一個經濟強權,而且逐漸在政治上,奪得了它在這個世界上的一席之位。你如何看這個帝國,這個現象?你對你的致辭抱有多少希望?
Das Reich ist keine starke Macht in meinen Augen. Unsere Aufgabe besteht darin, auf die Wahrheit zu insistieren und die Sündentaten zu dokumentieren. Hitler und Stalin waren auch mächtig. Noch mächtiger war der Mao Zedong, der von Milliarden Menschen angebetet wurde. Und dann? Im langen Fluss der Geschichte sieht ein böses Regime mächtig aus. Wenn man aber die Jahrtausende Geschichte ansieht, wirkt so ein Regime bedeutungslos, auch weil all seine Verbrechen aufgezeichnet sind. Während wir die Geschichte dokumentieren, fühlen wir uns sehr klein. Aber was wir hinterlassen, hat eine Tragweite, die viel länger existiert als irgendein böses Regime. Von diesem Standpunkt heraus ist das Regime nicht erwägenswert. Nur die Geschäftsleute wollen nach der Nähe des Regimes suchen und meinen, dass China aufsteigt und mächtig ist. Aber das Regime und die Menschen in seiner Nähe werden eines Tages verschwinden. Die Geschichte der Menschheit setzt sich fort von Generation zu Generation. Selbst in China gibt es unzählige Aufzeichnungen über Jahrhunderte anhaltende Spaltungen des Landes. Deshalb, sage ich, Herr Idzko, wir müssen durchhalten. Ihre Arbeit ist auch von großer Bedeutung, die Wahrheit über das Umerziehungslager aufzuzeichnen. Ich bin fest davon überzeugt, dass der historische Wert Ihres Filmes länger als die Lebensdauer dieses Regimes sein wird.
我不覺得它有多強大。只要我們堅持真相,堅持記錄罪行,當年的希特勒、史達林也很強大,毛澤東更強大,好幾億人都崇拜他。又怎麽樣呢?在歷史長河裏,一個罪惡政權看似強大,但打開千年歷史一看,他們其實都算不了什麽。因爲他的罪行都被記錄下來了。我們在記錄時感覺自己很渺小,但是我們留下來的見證,從歷史長度來看,要比任何一個罪惡政權都將歷時長久。從這個角度,他們實在不值一提。只有做生意的人才會要接近這個政權:說中國崛起、強大了。但是這些政權和接近政權的生意人將來都會消失。而人類歷史一代傳承一代地繁衍下去。即便在中國,相關分裂的歷史記載也數不勝數。所以Idzko先生,我們必須堅持不懈,您的工作也意義非凡,把勞改的真相記錄下來,我也相信您的影片會比這個政權的壽命還要長久。



YOUTUBE.COM
GESCHÄTZT wurden bis heute etwa 40 Millionen Chinesen in Arbeitslager gesperrt. Das sind mehr Menschen als in Stalins Gulag und Hitlers…






美麗島事件20周年(1999年)於高雄市歷史博物館舉行紀念特展。
主辦單位邀請我書寫當時事件的詩作品參展,包括〈蕃薯〉、〈暖流〉和〈追求〉等作品。
圖像裡可能有鄭烱明、站立和室內
圖像裡可能有2 個人、包括鄭烱明、大家站著、套裝和室內
圖像裡可能有鄭烱明、套裝




http://khm.org.tw/home02.aspx?ID=$3004&IDK=2&EXEC=D&DATA=2664







裝訂:平裝
出版日期:1999/12/1
ISBN/ISSN:957-02-5174-3
購買途徑:無庫存
圖書館書目查詢連結:美麗島事件在高雄特展專輯


摘要:美麗島事件在高雄特展專輯
美麗島事件始末介紹及展出文物說明

【#人與書國際週報】004: homage to Jalal al-Din al-Rumi, The Essential Rumi, The Masnavi. Book Four. Radical Love: Teachings from the Islamic Mystical Tradition. Sufi dervishes;伊斯蘭蘇菲概論

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British Museum
This ceramic bowl was made in 2001 by Algerian artist Rachid Koraïchi as part of his installation ‘The Path of Roses’.
The piece pays homage to Jalal al-Din al-Rumi, a Persian poet born in AD 1207. As a young man Rumi journeyed across North Africa and the Mediterranean to Qonya, in Turkey, and his works are still read widely today.
Made from clay, this bowl is hand thrown and its shape is inspired by both Turkish ceramic ablution basins and astrolabes – medieval navigation devices that combined science, art, astrology and religion.
See this bowl and more breathtaking African art in the Sainsbury Galleries: http://ow.ly/CWK030pUyfm

未提供相片說明。


Installation  Path of Roses, Rachid Koraïchi
Path of Roses (1995-2005), Ankara (Turkey), Casablanca (Morocco), New-York (USA), citadel of Algiers (Algeria), Venice Biennale ( Italy), etc.
Path of Roses is an installation in homage to the Sufi poet Jala al Din al Rumi  and his spiritual journey across Asia, the Middle East and Arabia in the 13th century. Path of Roses also celebrates the idea of safar which means both the journey and the transcendence.

rachidkoraichi.com » Path of Roses


Oxford World's Classics

"Joking is teaching, so take care to listen -
Don't look at just the joke's form of expression.
To jesters every serious thing's hilarious,
While to the wise hilarious jokes are serious."- 'The Masnavi', Book Four


Rumi was born #OTD 1207. Rumi initially followed existing Sufi paths, but became a visionary ecstatic in 1244 after being inspired on a new path of aesthetic and emotional mysticism, which developed into the Mawlawi (Mevlevi) order after his death.



GLOBAL.OUP.COM
The Masnavi. Book Four
Rumi is the greatest mystic poet to have written in Persian, and the Masnavi is his masterpiece. Divided into six books and consisting of some 26,000 verses, the poem was designed to convey a message of divine love and unity to the disciples of Rumi's Sufi order, known today as the Whirling Dervishe...









Yale University Press
"religious teachings can become appropriated for institutions, for men, for power, for greed...I wanted to gravitate toward something where love was real." Omid Safi on the power of mystical Islamic poetry in translation
廣播訪談

LISADELAY.COM

Eps 134: The Same Radical Love, guest Omid Safi - Spark My Muse

Radical Love: Teachings from the Islamic Mystical Tradition Hardcover – May 22, 2018



The New Yorker
The Rumi that people love is very beautiful in English, but the price you pay is to cut the culture and religion.




Rumi is often called a mystic, a saint, an enlightened man. He is less frequently described as a Muslim.
NEWYORKER.COM|由 ROZINA ALI 上傳
Celebrate the famous Persian poet Rumi’s birthday with today’s Featured Artwork of the Day. In this book manuscript, the text by Jalal al-Din Rumi teaches moral philosophy and mysticism.
Featured Artwork of the Day: Masnavi of Jalal-al Din Rumi | dated A.H. 894/A.D. 1488–89 | Iran http://bit.ly/2a9QtU7




British Museum
Discover delightful depictions of Sufi dervishes in a new small display in Room 34 http://ow.ly/K9TLi

dervish








Line breaks: der|vish
Pronunciation: /ˈdəːvɪʃ/








Definition of dervish in English:

noun

member of a Muslim (specifically Sufi) religious order who has taken vows of poverty and austerity. Dervishes first appeared in the 12th century; they were noted for their wild or ecstatic rituals and were known as dancingwhirling, or howling dervishesaccording to the practice of their order.

Origin

From Turkish derviş, from Persian darvīš 'poor', (as a noun) 'religious mendicant'.

*****

The Essential Rumi, New Expanded Edition Paperback

by Jalal al-Din Rumi(Author),Coleman Barks(Translator),John Moyne(Translator)
Paperback: 416 pages
Publisher: HarperOne; New Expanded Edition edition (May 28, 2004)

 Rumi,在春天走進果園   梁永安譯  台北:立緒 1998

 ***** 這本全無西方字母.翻譯以音譯為主. 介紹Rumi 也以哲學/宗教為主

伊斯蘭蘇菲概論

艾布•卧法•伍奈米著
潘世昌譯
商務印書館出版



Why is Rumi the best-selling poet in the US?

About the author
Jane Ciabattari is a journalist and book critic based in New York and California who has written for The Boston Globe, The Daily Beast, NPR.org, The New York Times Book Review, The Guardian, The Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times, the Chicago Tribune, Salon, and the Paris Review. She is a vice president of the National Book Critics Circle, having served as its president from 2008-11, and is the author of the short story collection Stealing the Fire.

(Wikimedia commons)
(Wikimedia commons)
This 807-year-old Persian mystic and dervish has a massive following in the US and around the world. Jane Ciabattari explains his enduring influence.


The ecstatic poems of Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi, a Persian poet and Sufi master born 807 years ago in 1207, have sold millions of copies in recent years, making him the most popular poet in the US. Globally, his fans are legion.

“He’s this compelling figure in all cultures,” says Brad Gooch, who is writing a biography of Rumi to follow his critically acclaimed books on Frank O’Hara and Flannery O’Connor. “The map of Rumi’s life covers 2,500 miles,” says Gooch, who has traveled from Rumi’s birthplace in Vakhsh, a small village in what is now Tajikistan, to Samarkand in Uzbekistan, to Iran and to Syria, where Rumi studied at Damascus and Aleppo in his twenties. His final stop was Konya, in Turkey, where Rumi spent the last 50 years of his life. Today Rumi’s tomb draws reverent followers and heads of state each year for a whirling dervish ceremony on 17 December, the anniversary of his death.

The transformative moment in Rumi’s life came in 1244, when he met a wandering mystic known as Shams of Tabriz. “Rumi was 37, a traditional Muslim preacher and scholar, as his father and grandfather had been,” says Gooch. “The two of them have this electric friendship for three years – lover and beloved [or] disciple and sheikh, it’s never clear.” Rumi became a mystic. After three years Shams disappeared – “possibly murdered by a jealous son of Rumi, possibly teaching Rumi an important lesson in separation.”

Rumi coped by writing poetry. “Most of the poetry we have comes from age 37 to 67. He wrote 3,000 [love songs] to Shams, the prophet Muhammad and God. He wrote 2,000 rubayat, four-line quatrains. He wrote in couplets a six-volume spiritual epic, The Masnavi.”
During these years, Rumi incorporated poetry, music and dance into religious practice. “Rumi would whirl while he was meditating and while composing poetry, which he dictated,” said Gooch. “That was codified after his death into elegant meditative dance.” Or, as Rumi wrote, in Ghazal 2,351: “I used to recite prayers. Now I recite rhymes and poems and songs.” Centuries after his death, Rumi’s work is recited, chanted, set to music and used as inspiration for novels, poems, music, films, YouTube videos and tweets (Gooch tweets his translations @RumiSecrets). Why does Rumi’s work endure?

The inward eye
“He’s a poet of joy and of love,” says Gooch. “His work comes out of dealing with the separation from Shams and from love and the source of creation, and out of facing death. Rumi’s message cuts through and communicates. I saw a bumper sticker once, with a line from Rumi: “Out beyond ideas of wrongdoing and rightdoing there is a field. I'll meet you there.”

“Rumi is a very mysterious and provocative poet and figure for our time, as we grapple with understanding the Sufi tradition [and] understanding the nature of ecstasy and devotion and the power of poetry,” says the poet Anne Waldman, co-founder with Allen Ginsberg of the Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics at Naropa University, where she is a professor of poetics. “And the homoerotic tradition as well, consummated or not. He is in a long tradition of ecstatic seers from Sappho to Walt Whitman.”

“Across time, place and culture, Rumi's poems articulate what it feels like to be alive,” says Lee Briccetti, executive director of Poets House, co-sponsor of a national library series in the US that features Rumi. (It’s currently in Detroit and Queens and heads to San Francisco, Houston, Atlanta and Columbus in 2015.)  “And they help us understand our own search for love and the ecstatic in the coil of daily life.” She compares Rumi’s work to Shakespeare’s for its “resonance and beauty”.

Coleman Barks, the translator whose work sparked an American Rumi renaissance and made Rumi the best-selling poet in the US, ticks off the reasons Rumi endures: “His startling imaginative freshness. The deep longing that we feel coming through.  His sense of humour.  There's always a playfulness [mixed] in with the wisdom.”

In 1976 the poet Robert Bly handed Barks a copy of Cambridge don AJ Arberry’s translation of Rumi and said, “These poems need to be released from their cages” Barks transformed them from stiff academic language into American-style free verse.  Since then, Barks’ translations have yielded 22 volumes in 33 years, including The Essential Rumi, A Year with Rumi, Rumi: The Big Red Book and Rumi’s father’s spiritual diary, The Drowned Book, all published by HarperOne.  They have sold more than 2m copies worldwide and have been translated into 23 languages.

A new volume is due in autumn. Rumi: Soul-fury and Kindness, the Friendship of Rumi and Shams Tabriz features Barks’ new translations of Rumi’s short poems (rubai), and some work on the Notebooks of Shams Tabriz, sometimes called The Sayings of Shams Tabriz.  “Like the Sayings of Jesus (The Gospel of Thomas), they have been hidden away for centuries,” Barks notes, “not in a red urn buried in Egypt, but in the dervish communities and libraries of Turkey and Iran. Over recent years scholars have begun to organise them and translate them into English.”

800 years ahead of the times
“Just now,” Barks says, “I feel there is a strong global movement, an impulse that wants to dissolve the boundaries that religions have put up and end the sectarian violence.  It is said that people of all religions came to Rumi's funeral in 1273. Because, they said, he deepens our faith wherever we are.  This is a powerful element in his appeal now.”

“Rumi was an experimental innovator among the Persian poets and he was a Sufi master,” says Jawid Mojaddedi, a scholar of early and medieval Sufism at Rutgers Ubiversity and an award-winning Rumi translator. “This combination of mystical richness and bold adaptations of poetic forms is the key to his popularity today.”

The first of Rumi’s four main innovations is his direct address to readers in the rare second person, says Mojaddedi.  “I think contemporary readers respond well to this directness.”

Second is his urge to teach: “Readers of ‘inspirational’ literature are drawn to Rumi’s poetry.”  Third, “his use of everyday imagery.” And fourth, “his optimism of the attainment of union within his lyrical love ghazals. The convention in that form is to stress its unattainability and the cruel rebuffs of the beloved. Rumi celebrates union.”

Mojaddedi has completed his translation of three of the six volumes of Rumi’s masterwork, The Masnavi. It is, he said, “the longest single-authored emphatically mystical poem ever written at 26,000 couplets, making it a significant work in its own right. It is also arguably the second most influential text in the Islamic world after the Quar’an.” The original Persian text was so influential that in Ottoman times a network of institutions was devoted to its study.

As new translations come into print, and his work continues to resonate, Rumi’s influence will continue. His inspiring words remind us how poetry can be a sustaining part of everyday life.



20世紀美國論(漢清講堂 2019年胡適紀念演講 《五十年來的美國》《美國的民主制度》《美國文化》 香港今日世界出版社部分出版品

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 20世紀美國論(漢清講堂  2019年胡適紀念演講 2019年12月初)






聲明正如英文可用Man 指男人或女人的一般人類 (如W. Edwards Deming的說法);"馬克思"可指"馬克思與恩格斯" (如 Why Marx Was Right ByTerry Eagleton的聲明),我們指的"20世紀",也可指1880年~2019年,方便數據上的引用。

做為胡適之先生的粉絲,我期許自己每年在他生日時,作篇關於他的關懷或大作的"接下來"講"小文,在漢清講堂上發表。

2019年的胡適紀念演講,就選擇" 20世紀的美國論",因為這是他最擅長和關心的主題之一。
他生前,關於美國的資料和知識,不像現在科技發達,這樣容易取得、接達 (accessible)。

注意:胡適演講的"憲政"啟蒙意義:1953~1962年,胡適之先生的美國簡介,主要是兩場演講:1. 聯合國中國同志會座談會:胡適 《五十年來的美國》1953;2.《美國的民主制度》1954。
和一篇書評讀程天放先生的《美國論》後記》1960
胡適指出"宗教"的介紹相當重要的,程天放先生的《美國論》從缺。
胡適 《五十年來的美國》1953
https://hushihhc.blogspot.com/2019/10/1953.html
程天放(1899-1967)《美國論》1960 年再版等、讀程天放先生的《美國論》後記/胡適1960.4.16 完稿
https://hushihhc.blogspot.com/2019/11/1899-19671960-1960416.html


他們當時只是開了研究的第一道"入門",就沒繼續下去。
然而,"美國論"這一主題,對於非專家的一般人,或許都是個大題目,資訊太多:譬如我們美天去紐約時報、CNN等大報的網站去,光是關於D. Trump總統的文章,就洋洋大觀。

我想接下他門的工作,位讀者做些鳥瞰中文文獻的工作。開始時,我打算採取"文獻檢討" (特別是書籍)的方式,來談"20世紀美國論"。



1950年代到1970年代, 香港今日世界出版社出版過數百本相關圖書,都屬於廣義的美國文明/美國文化(美國論)。品質、數量、涵蓋層面,都很精彩。
所以它們是我們討論的重要參考,可惜有許多圖書館都只藏小部分香港今日世界出版社出版品。

底下我做些鳥瞰中文文獻的工作。


美國的文化/文明
1.《美國文化》(法) Jean-Pierre FICHOU 著,宋亞克譯,台北:遠流,1993
這本探討美國文明的種種心態,下面可能是應用例:

America worries that Huawei, China's telecoms giant, spies on behalf of its government and threatens Western interests. Such concerns are not just about America's security, but also its insecurity https://econ.st/2rAumka




3. 《美國的社會》THE AMERICAN SOCIETY, EDITED BY KENNETH S. LYNN, 香港今日世界出版社 1965
4.《美國賴以立國的文本》(Words That Make America Great 1999):海南出版社,2000
5.  《美國政治思想文獻選集》(徐道鄰譯著),香港今日世界,1959 年10 月.
這三本都是文獻選。

5.《美國人的性格與文化》WHY WE BEHAVE LIKE AMERICANS BY BRADFORD SMITH 香港今日世界出版社, 1964


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《》
美國的組織能力


漢清講堂3 年前的2節目,多少談到美國有組織才能,公益事業發達:
124 行善與公益(blog) 鍾漢清 2016-10-27
22 views
123 資中筠其人其書 陳健邦 (Ben Chen) 2016-10-27
1.2K views
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資中筠先生是少數在書單中佔兩本
資中筠《財富的責任與資本主義演變》
資中筠《20 世紀的美國》




公益組織"指基金會與非營利組織
20世紀,美國援外的義舉感人:ARA AND Marshall Plan
American Relief Administration (ARA) was an American relief mission to Europe and later post-revolutionary Russia after World War I. Herbert Hoover, future president of the United States, was the program director.
The ARA's immediate predecessor was the important United States Food Administration, also headed by Hoover. He and some of his collaborators had already gained useful experience by running the Committee for Relief in Belgium whic⋯⋯
更多





EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG
American Relief Administration (ARA) was an American relief mission to Europe and later post-revolutionary Russia after World War I. Herbert Hoover, future president of the United States, was the program director.

資中筠《財富的責任與資本主義演變》


《財富的責任與資本主義演變》中介紹的20家大組織,譬如說,資中筠《洛克菲勒基金會與中國》1996

The Rockefeller Foundation's mission, unchanged since 1913, is to improve the well-being of humanity around the world.

馬秋莎《改變中國:洛克菲勒基金會在華百年》廣西師範,2013

其他Carnegie Foundation


2 Bloomberg Philanthropies  Helping mayors do their job
散見



在Peter Druckerand W. Edwards Deming的著作中的小慈善團體......Alfred P. Sloan Foundation印象深刻、我在2016.3介紹 Andy Grove 的基金及其運用哲學。參考:紀念安迪・葛洛夫(Andrew Grove) 鍾漢清 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGD32dRwMMY





Alfred P. Sloan Jr. 1875-1966 ; G.M. Leader and Philanthropist

Alfred Sloan《我在通用汽車的日子》(My Years with General Motors), 204系統與變異: 淵博知識與理想設計法(2010) 的索引 (1) a-e187, 203, 205, 211, 461

「杜拉克在回憶錄Adventures of A Bystander上的一章:「史隆的專業風彩」 (2016.8.29重讀,特別注意到他對汽車安全的重視)。

Q.在所有的管理經典裡,您會推薦哪一本,可以做為現代管理者的智慧泉源?

A. 亞佛瑞‧史隆(Alfred Sloan)所著的《我與通用汽車》( My Years With General Motors),這是我推薦所有管理者閱讀的書。而管理者需要在經濟學、心理學以及政治科學方面多所涉獵。」

http://hcpeople.blogspot.tw/2011/02/alfred-p-sloan-jr.html





《20 世紀的美國


美國的歷史

資中筠《20 世紀的美國


《美國史》上下_THE PELICAN HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY HUGH BROGAN 1988, 台北:陽明管理發展中心,1990


 香港今日世界出版社採用兩書名:《美國通史》、《美國史綱 》 The Pocket History of the United States By Allan Nevins and Henry Steele Commager
紐約《先鋒論壇報》記載他的生平,有這一段值得我們想念的報導:
弗勒斯納八十歲時,決定到哥侖比亞大學去做兩個學生,在那兩年裏,他上了厄布約翰教授(Upjohn)的幾種美術史的功課,又上了納文斯教授 (Nevins)的美國史學文獻的功課。他自己說:一個退休了的人的好工作,莫如教育。可是厄布約翰教授對人說:我的課堂上有了弗勒斯納先生這樣一個學生,常使我感覺得像一匹馬的馬鞍底下壓著一顆有刺的栗苞!

                                                                     一九五九年十一月九日


《自由中國》 第二一卷十期 胡適 (1959):"記美國醫學教育與大學教育的改造者弗勒斯那納先生 (Abraham Flexner-- 1866-1959)

A Pocket History of the United States

著者: Allan Nevins 1890~1971、 Henry Steele Commager 1902~98、 Jeffrey Brandon Morris
出版日期:1992/

《美國簡史》AN OUTLINE OF AMERICAN HISTORY BY FRANCIS WHITNEY, 香港今日世界出版社,1965


《美國史話》上下,多人編,廣西師範大學出版社,2002





《美國散記》 Notebooks of a Dilettante By Leopold Tyrmand,1967 , 香港:今日世界,1974
1966年從波蘭移民美國,1967年出版《美國散記》。
《美國散記》起碼記下2則公共汽車上看到女性所讀的書。
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p.5 某某少女讀《中國古代三類哲學思想方式》*。
*Three Ways of Thought in Ancient China, 1939
Arthur David Waley




HCBOOKS.BLOGSPOT.COM
《美國散記》 Notebooks of a Dilettante By Leopold Tyrmand,1967 , 香港:今日世界,1974 1966年從波蘭移民美國,1967年出版《美國散記》。 《美國散記》起碼記下2則公共汽車上看到女性所讀的書。 ---- ...



村上春樹 《懷念的 1980 年代》(The Scrap懐かしの一九八〇年代)



《美國製造-凝視美國文明》、《我為何成為美國公民;我的猶太人旅程》。
Guy Sorman來台數次,我見過2次。他 是少數熟知法國總統顧問"業務"與地方政治運作的知識分子。
他認為美國是獨特的,所以西方國家,可分為歐洲的與美國的。從60年代起,過50多年,美國已經改頭換面了。......

Guy Sorman《美國製造-凝視美國文明》; 這一本書並不是一個美國現況的立即描述,而是一部個人的史詩:經過長期的成熟過程,作者不再一樣了,但是美國的改變並不會少於作者個人。在1962 年的時候,美國是一個僅僅由白人與黑人組成,國內充滿種族歧視,在行為上則是一個極端保守的社會,但是也是一個工業化的國家。

  然而現在一切都不一樣了:美國民族是彩色的,經濟上是以服務業以及研究為主流,在個人行為上則沒有任何限制。同時,雖然這些族群、道德、經濟、建國原則如同民主、資本主義、對上帝的信仰,都發生了巨大的根本改變,美國人對國際事務的使命感卻沒有很大的改變。我所謂的美國文明,就是在這四十年間,這一個有所改變與有所不變的整體所組成。

  在本書裡,這一個文明的用詞將會另很多人吃一驚,因為一般人都會認為美國文化只是西方文化的一部分。但是在本書的論述,在我多年觀察的支持之下,則認為美國文明變得如此的特殊,使得其與西方文明已經大不相同。或者,必須說目前存在兩種西方文明,一個在歐洲,另外一個在美國。無論如何,我們可以確定的是,一個歐洲人在美國不會認為像在歐洲,而一個美國人在歐洲也會覺得像在一個陌生的國家。很特別的是,當我在台北的時候,我覺得比在歐洲更像在美國:理論上,不需要太多的同化過程,台灣是可以毫無困難成為美國的一州。但是,法國永遠無法成為美國的一州。

......為了能讓這一小本寫美國故事的書能夠繼續流傳,這一本書被翻譯成很多語言,包含中文。在中國,中文版是於2005 年十二月由一個依賴共產黨中央黨部的出版社所發行。在新書出版的記者會上,記者們只想要瞭解一件事:為什麼在美國,不像在歐洲,從來沒有經歷過社會主義運動或者比較具象徵性的共產主義?答案就在書裡:社會主義是歐洲貴族、宗教與知識菁英為了人民的幸福所創立的,並且並不盡然會詢問人民的意見。在美國,這一個菁英傳統並不存在。而且,由於美國一建國就是一個民主制度的國家,因此沒有經歷社會主義。

我為何成為美國公民;我的猶太人旅程






《》
《》

 《我們曾經輝煌:美國在新世界生存的關鍵》


Thomas L. Friedman, Michael Mandelbaum; That Used To Be Us: How America Fell Behind In The World It Invented And How We Can Come Back

----





美國的政治、社會、法律、經濟;民主制度等

《美國的民主》上卷 托克維爾(Alexis de Tocqueville,1805-1859)著 ; 秦修明譯 Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859. ;  1966.

《美國政治綱要》OUTLINE OF AMERICAN GOVERNMENT 英中對照 USIS
《掌握航向 : 美國如何制訂政策 /》 今日世界出版社編譯 [19--?]

《美國政府簡介 》斯克羅德(Schroeder, Richard C.- )撰; 今日世界出版社編譯; 民67.
《政府的力量》台北:國立編譯館,1971

The Strength of Government — McGeorge Bundy | Harvard ...
McGeorge Bundy here contends that our national government is dangerously weak. ... He calls for a new theory of government, reconciling strong political authority with widespread political participation; and he advises people under thirty on preparing for their own participation.

《美國如何制定法律 》查爾斯・J・津恩著 ; 陳若桓譯 Zinn, Charles J. 1976.
《美國法律二十講 》Talks on American law : VOA forum lectures / [夏樂德・伯曼編] ; 陳若桓譯 1975.

《美國經濟制度》 葛模, 蓋格合著 ; 饒餘慶譯 Colm, Gerhard, 1897-1968. 1969.

《美國的自我探索》


 《美國現代政治家 》威廉・懷德著 ; 趙銘譯 White, William Smith. 1974.


 《杜魯門總統任內錄》 By Cabell Phillips ; 李宜培譯 Phillips, Cabell B. H. 1970.




《》




---今日世界出版社原為香港(台北)美國新聞處的內部組織,以推廣美國文化為職志。自一九五0年代玉一九八0年代中期,今日世界出版了兩百餘冊的譯著,對於過去四十年來美國文學在台灣的推廣影響深遠。筆者透過相關資料、以及與當年曾主其事者通信和電話訪問,一窺今日世界出版社的起源、運作與影響。
目前的論文,多談其文學翻譯,而這不是:20世紀美國論(漢清講堂  2019年胡適紀念演講 2019年12月初)"的重點。


今日世界出版社 266


"鄭明萱女士的翻譯《從黎明到衰頹:五百年來的西方文化生活》;

哥倫布大交換:1492年以後的生物影響和文化衝擊極端的年代1914-1991(上下) , 艾瑞克‧霍布斯邦   鄭明 , 麥田 , 出版日期: 1996-11-01 等等,都是很優秀的美國論作品:




我指的"鄭明萱女士的翻譯"與美國文明,指的是:《從黎明到衰頹:五百年來的西方文化生活》;哥倫布大交換:1492年以後的生物影響和文化衝擊 , 克羅斯比   鄭明 , 貓頭鷹 , 出版日期:2008/ 2019;費城奇蹟:美國憲法誕生的關鍵127天 , 包恩   鄭明 , 貓頭鷹 , 出版日期: 2004;認識媒體:人的延伸(麥克魯漢經典)麥克魯漢   鄭明 , 貓頭鷹 , 極端的年代1914-1991(上下) , 艾瑞克‧霍布斯邦   鄭明 , 麥田 , 出版日期: 1996-1等等


 11



7 現代政治學/ GM 卡德(Gwendolen M. Carter),JH 赫茲(John H. Herz)著; 李誥譯Carter, Gwendolen Margaret, 1906- ; 卡德(Carter, Gwendolen Margaret, 1906- ) ; 1964(民53)

 3 新世界的音樂/ 蔡斯(Chase, Gilbert)撰; 簡而淸譯Chase, Gilbert, 1906-1992. ; 蔡斯(Chase, Gilbert, 1906-1992) ; 民64[1975] 可在總圖書館總圖2F藝術資料區(910.9 4442)獲得



 4 美國名家書信選集 / 方德休編 ; 張心漪譯 1988. 美國文化叢書 ; Landmarks of American writing.

6 美國商界先驅/ 史拉皮(Slappey, Sterling G.)編Slappey, Sterling G. ; 史拉皮(Slappey,Sterling G.) ; 民73[1984] 可在總圖書館總圖4F科技資料區( 499.52 5054)獲得




8 森林和海洋 / 貝茲著 ; 丘佩華譯 Bates, Marston, 1906-1974. ; 貝茲 (Bates, Marston, 1906-1974) ; 1973.


 12 經濟學與科學 肯尼斯・博爾丁著 ; 丁寒譯 Boulding, Kenneth E. (Kenneth Ewart), 1910-1993. 1977.



  20 自力更生 Give us the tools / [韋士嘉地著 ; 朱廉譯] Viscardi, Henry, 1912-2004. 1978.



38 科技時代與科技人 費基斯著 祝振華譯 1977.

 28 科學的貧乏 布什[布斯]著 ; 李克譯 ; 郝履成校訂 Bush, Vannevar, 1890-1974. 1975.


 30 新聞實務與原則 [賀亨柏著] ; 歐陽醇, 徐啓明合譯 ; 鈕先鍾增訂 Hohenberg, John. 1977.



 31 力爭上游:布克爾·華盛頓自傳 布克爾·華盛頓著 思果譯 1961.




 33 美國的企業組織 查理德·巴伯著 汪家麟譯 1984.


63 福自太空來 弗雷德雷克等著 1975.

 64 An outline of American geography = Meiguo di li shu lue / [Ye'er N Miteman zhu bian] ; Meiguo xin wen chu bian yi.; 美國地理述略/ [耶爾・N・密特曼主編] ; 美國新聞處編譯1976.



 65 革命新論 / (法)雷雅爾(Jean-Francois Revel)著 ; 蔡理浤譯 Revel,, Jean-Francois. ; 雷威爾 (Revel, Jean-Francois) ; 1973[民62]



 67 音樂欣賞 伯恩斯坦著 ; 林聲翕譯 Bernstein, Leonard, 1918-1990. 1989.
 46 不完美的社會 吉拉斯著 葉蒼譯 1976.

 47 林海《甦醒的大地》三部曲之一 康拉德·李希特著 湯新楣譯 1978.

 48 西征記 皮逖著 湯新楣譯 1975.



 49 南極的故事 沙利文著 易家願譯 1976.

50 相對論入門 巴湼特 1977.

51 一、二、三——唱!美國傳統民族 美國新聞處編 韋瀚章譯 197

53 現代經濟成長 西蒙·庫茨內斯著 林山木譯 1979.
57 軍備管制與國際政治 大衛·V·愛德華斯著 鐵穆真譯 1976.
 59 現代政治學 G·M·卡德 J·H·赫茲著 李誥譯 1964
 72 傳播媒體之功能 = The role of the media / 梅爾.奧廷傑(Mal Oettinger),約翰.施蒂(John Stirn),瓦萊裡.克魯策爾(Valerie Kreutzer)編 1985.
 77  世界大變動 閔凡路著 閔凡路 1993.  ; 今日世界叢書




---

 9 野性的呼喚 / 傑克.倫敦著 ; 湯新楣譯 London, Jack, 1876-1916. ; 倫敦 (London, Jack, 1876-1916) ; 1976.



10 小酒館的悲歌 / 卡森.麥克勒絲(Carson McCullers)著 ; 金聖華譯 McCullers, Carson. ; 麥克勒絲 (McCullers, Carson, 1917-1967) ; 1975.

14 開墾的人 維娜・凱塞著 ; 湯新楣譯 Cather, Willa, 1873-1947. 1975



15 大街 Sinclair Lewis著 ; 先信譯 Lewis, Sinclair, 1885-1951. ; 路易斯 (Lewis, Sinclair, 1885-1951) ; 1976.



 16 佛洛斯特的詩 Comprehensive study guide to seven poems by Robert Frost / 主編 李達三, 談德義 ; 編輯 田維新 等 Frost, Robert, 1874-1963. 1977.



17 狄瑾蓀的詩Comprehensive study guide to twenty poems by Emily Dickinson / 李達三, 談德義主編; 田維新等編輯Dickinson, Emily, 1830-1886. ; 狄金生(Dickinson, Emily, 1830-1886) ; 1977



 18 惠特曼的詩 Comprehensive study guide to Walt Whitman's "When Lilacs last in the dooryard blomm'd" and "A noiseless patient spider" / 主編李達三, 談德義 ; 編輯田維新等 1977.


 24 卡波特小說集 Truman Capote / 湯新楣, 顔元叔合譯 Capote, Truman, 1924-1984. 1978. 美國作家作品選.



 25 小城故事 [著者S. 安德森 ; 譯者吳明實] Anderson, Sherwood, 1876-1941. ; 安德生 (Anderson, Sherwood, 1876-1941) ; 1975.



 26 夥計 瑪拉末著 ; 劉紹銘譯 Malamud, Bernard. 1977.



27 鷓鴣鎮上的杜鵑花季 奧康納短篇小說選 = Three short stories by Flannery O'Conner / 溫健騮譯 O'Connor, Flannery. 1975.


32 開墾的人 凱塞著 1975.

 34 伊丹·傅羅姆 艾蒂斯·華頓著 王鎮國譯 1975.



 35 夢中日月長 戴恩·布西科爾特改編 1974.

36 何索 梭爾·貝羅著 顏元叔 劉紹銘合譯 1977.



 37 花落葉猶青 林瑞茲著 張蘊錦譯 1960.





 39 雨王享德森 梭爾·貝羅著 卡宇理譯 1979.

 40 城市和城市問題 理查德·伊爾斯等編著 古潛譯 1977.



41 原野長宵 維娜·凱塞著 湯新楣譯 1974.

 42 美國旅遊便覽 艾莉森·R·拉尼爾著 李誥譯 1978.



 43 名家散文選讀 第二卷 夏濟安編譯 1979.

44 尤金·奧尼爾著 ; 喬志高譯 O'Neill, Eugene, 1888-1953. 1973.

 45 琉璃集 田納西·威廉斯著 1977.



 52 短篇小說選讀第四輯 傑克遜等著 綠騎士等譯 1977.



 54 奧亨利短篇小說選 中英對照 奧亨利著 張曼儀譯 1968.

 55 湖濱散記 H.D.梭羅著 吳明實譯 1978.

56 源遠流長 (中英對照) 薛盛澤著 思果譯 1975.


 58 短篇小說選讀第一輯 班爾特等著 湯新楣等譯 1972.
61 富蘭克林自傳 (第十一版) 黃正清譯 1977.

 60 瑪格麗特·弗萊明 詹姆斯 A·何恩著 崔文瑜譯 1974.





62 獵豹記 克拉克著 湯新楣譯 1976.



69 小鎮 湯新楣譯 Richter, Conrad, 1890-1968. 1975.

 70 狂戀 陳礎宏譯 英奇, 1913- 1977.



73 威廉.福克納/ 歐康納(William Van O'Conner)著; 田維新譯O'Conner, William Van. ; 歐康納(O'Conner, William Van) ; 1984[民73] University of minnesota pamphlets on American writers. ; 美國作家專輯



.



*****
今日世界出版社 266

 掌握航向 : 美國如何制訂政策 / 今日世界出版社編譯 [19--?]

2   美國政府簡介 / 斯克羅德(Schroeder, Richard C.- )撰 ; 今日世界出版社編譯 Schroeder, Richard C.- ; 斯克羅德 (Schroeder, Richard C.- ) ; 民67. 可在 辜振甫圖書館

 3  新世界的音樂 / 蔡斯(Chase, Gilbert)撰 ; 簡而淸譯 Chase, Gilbert, 1906-1992. ; 蔡斯 (Chase, Gilbert, 1906-1992) ; 民64[1975] 可在 總圖書館 總圖2F藝術資料區 (910.9 4442)獲得

 4  美国名家书信选集 / 方德休编 ; 张心漪译 1988. 美國文化叢書 ; Landmarks of American writing.
6   美國商界先驅 / 史拉皮(Slappey, Sterling G.)編 Slappey, Sterling G. ; 史拉皮 (Slappey,Sterling G.) ; 民73[1984] 可在 總圖書館 總圖4F科技資料區 (499.52 5054)獲得

7 現代政治學 / G. M. 卡德(Gwendolen M. Carter),J. H. 赫茲(John H. Herz)著 ; 李誥譯 Carter, Gwendolen Margaret, 1906- ; 卡德 (Carter, Gwendolen Margaret, 1906- ) ; 1964(民53)

8   森林和海洋 / 貝茲著 ; 丘佩華譯 Bates, Marston, 1906-1974. ; 貝茲 (Bates, Marston, 1906-1974) ; 1973.
 9  野性的呼喚 / 傑克.倫敦著 ; 湯新楣譯 London, Jack, 1876-1916. ; 倫敦 (London, Jack, 1876-1916) ; 1976.

10  圖書 小酒館的悲歌 / 卡森.麥克勒絲(Carson McCullers)著 ; 金聖華譯 McCullers, Carson. ; 麥克勒絲 (McCullers, Carson, 1917-1967) ; 1975.

 11   美國的民主 上卷 托克維爾(Alexis de Tocqueville,1805-1859)著 ; 秦修明譯 Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859. ; 托克維爾 (Alexis de Tocqueville,1805-1859) ; 1966.

 12   經濟學與科學 肯尼斯・博爾丁著 ; 丁寒譯 Boulding, Kenneth E. (Kenneth Ewart), 1910-1993. 1977.

13  美國如何制定法律 查爾斯・J・津恩著 ; 陳若桓譯 Zinn, Charles J. 1976.

14  圖書 開墾的人 維娜・凱塞著 ; 湯新楣譯 Cather, Willa, 1873-1947. 1975

15   大街 Sinclair Lewis著 ; 先信譯 Lewis, Sinclair, 1885-1951. ; 路易斯 (Lewis, Sinclair, 1885-1951) ; 1976.

 16  佛洛斯特的詩 Comprehensive study guide to seven poems by Robert Frost / 主編 李達三, 談德義 ; 編輯 田維新 等 Frost, Robert, 1874-1963. 1977.

17  圖書 狄瑾蓀的詩 Comprehensive study guide to twenty poems by Emily Dickinson / 李達三, 談德義主編 ; 田維新等編輯 Dickinson, Emily, 1830-1886. ; 狄金生 (Dickinson, Emily, 1830-1886) ; 1977

 18 惠特曼的詩 Comprehensive study guide to Walt Whitman's "When Lilacs last in the dooryard blomm'd" and "A noiseless patient spider" / 主編李達三, 談德義 ; 編輯田維新等 1977.

  20   自力更生 Give us the tools / [韋士嘉地著 ; 朱廉譯] Viscardi, Henry, 1912-2004. 1978.

 21   美國現代政治家 威廉・懷德著 ; 趙銘譯 White, William Smith. 1974.

22  杜魯門總統任內錄 By Cabell Phillips ; 李宜培譯 Phillips, Cabell B. H. 1970.

 23  美國經濟制度 葛模, 蓋格合著 ; 饒餘慶譯 Colm, Gerhard, 1897-1968. 1969.

 24   卡波特小說集 Truman Capote / 湯新楣, 顔元叔合譯 Capote, Truman, 1924-1984. 1978.  美國作家作品選.

 25  小城故事 [著者S. 安德森 ; 譯者吳明實] Anderson, Sherwood, 1876-1941. ; 安德生 (Anderson, Sherwood, 1876-1941) ; 1975.

 26  夥計 瑪拉末著 ; 劉紹銘譯 Malamud, Bernard. 1977.

27  鷓鴣鎮上的杜鵑花季 奥康納短篇小說選 = Three short stories by Flannery O'Conner / 溫健騮譯 O'Connor, Flannery. 1975.

 28   科學的貧乏 布什[布斯]著 ; 李克譯 ; 郝履成校訂 Bush, Vannevar, 1890-1974. 1975.


 29  美國法律二十講 Talks on American law : VOA forum lectures / [夏樂德・伯曼編] ; 陳若桓譯 1975.

 30  新聞實務與原則 [賀亨柏著] ; 歐陽醇, 徐啓明合譯 ; 鈕先鍾增訂 Hohenberg, John. 1977.

 31   力争上游:布克尔·华盛顿自传 布克尔·华盛顿著 思果译 1961.

32   开垦的人 凯塞著 1975.
 33  美国的企业组织 查理德·巴伯著 汪家麟译 1984.
 34  伊丹·傅罗姆 艾蒂斯·华顿著 王镇国译 1975.

 35   梦中日月长 戴恩·布西科尔特改编 1974.
36 何索 梭尔·贝罗著 颜元叔 刘绍铭合译 1977.

 37   花落叶犹青 林瑞兹著 张蕴锦译 1960.
38   科技时代与科技人 费基斯著 祝振华译 1977.

 39 雨王享德森 梭尔·贝罗著 卡宇理译 1979.
 40  城市和城市问题 理查德·伊尔斯等编著 古潜译 1977.

41   原野长宵 维娜·凯塞著 汤新楣译 1974.
 42   美国旅沋便览 艾莉森·R·拉尼尔著 李诰译 1978.

 43   名家散文选读 第二卷 夏济安编译 1979.
44    尤金·奥尼尔著 ; 乔志高译 O'Neill, Eugene, 1888-1953. 1973.
 45  琉璃集 田纳西·威廉斯著 1977.

 46   不完美的社会 吉拉斯著 叶苍译 1976.
 47 林海《苏醒的大地》三部曲之一 康拉德·李希特著 汤新楣译 1978.
 48   西征记 皮逖著 汤新楣译 1975.

 49   南极的故事 沙利文著 易家愿译 1976.
50   相对论入门 巴湼特 1977.
51  一、二、三——唱! 美国传统民族 美国新闻处编 韦瀚章译 1978.

 52 短篇小说选读第四辑 杰克逊等著 绿骑士等译 1977.
 53  现代经济成长 西蒙·库茨内斯著 林山木译 1979.
 54 奥亨利短篇小说选 中英对照 奥亨利著 张曼仪译 1968.
 55   湖滨散记 H.D.梭罗著 吴明实译 1978.
56  源远流长 (中英对照) 薛盛泽著 思果译 1975.
57   军备管制与国际政治 大卫·V·爱德华斯著 铁穆真译 1976.
 58  短篇小说选读第一辑 班尔特等著 汤新楣等译 1972.
 59   现代政治学 G·M·卡德 J·H·赫兹著 李诰译 1964
 60  圖書 玛格丽特·弗莱明 詹姆斯 A·何恩著 崔文瑜译 1974.

61  富兰克林自传 (第十一版) 黄正清译 1977.
62   猎豹记 克拉克著 汤新楣译 1976.
63  福自太空来 弗雷德雷克等著 1975.
 64   An outline of American geography = Meiguo di li shu lue / [Ye'er N Miteman zhu bian] ; Meiguo xin wen chu bian yi.; 美國地理述略 / [耶爾・N・密特曼主編] ; 美國新聞處編譯 1976.

 65 革命新論 / (法)雷雅爾(Jean-Francois Revel)著 ; 蔡理浤譯 Revel,, Jean-Francois. ; 雷威爾 (Revel, Jean-Francois) ; 1973[民62]

 67   音乐欣赏 伯恩斯坦著 ; 林声翕译 Bernstein, Leonard, 1918-1990. 1989.
69   小鎮 湯新楣譯 Richter, Conrad, 1890-1968. 1975.
 70  狂戀 陳礎宏譯 英奇, 1913- 1977.
 72   傳播媒體之功能 = The role of the media / 梅爾.奧廷傑(Mal Oettinger),約翰.施蒂(John Stirn),瓦萊里.克魯策爾(Valerie Kreutzer)編 1985.

73   威廉.福克納 / 歐康納(William Van O'Conner)著 ; 田維新譯 O'Conner, William Van. ; 歐康納 (O'Conner, William Van) ; 1984[民73] University of minnesota pamphlets on American writers. ; 美國作家專輯

. 77  圖書 世界大变动 闵凡路著 閔凡路 1993. 超星數字圖書館 ; 今日世界丛书







***
78  圖書 今日世界 張睿壯 ... [等]編著 1982. 超星數字圖書館 ; 學習之友 線上可獲得  館藏已從我的最愛中刪除 79  圖書 今日世界 张睿壮等编著 1987. 超星數字圖書館 ; 学习之友 線上可獲得  館藏已從我的最愛中刪除 80  圖書 今日世界 张睿壮 杨洁勉等 1984. 超星數字圖書館 線上可獲得  館藏已從我的最愛中刪除 頁碼 9 81  圖書 震撼乾坤的辯護 世界著名辯護詞精選 / 呼延南主編 1993. 超星數字圖書館 線上可獲得  館藏已從我的最愛中刪除 82  圖書 世界著名敎育家 中央敎育科學硏究所比較敎育硏究室 1989. 超星數字圖書館 ; 今日世界比較敎育叢書 線上可獲得  館藏已從我的最愛中刪除 83  圖書 今日英语. 第6册 : 文学选读 = English for Today : Book six:Literature in English 陈卞知等译 1992. 超星數字圖書館 線上可獲得  館藏已從我的最愛中刪除 84  圖書 世界经济十大趋势 李长久著 李, 長久 1993. 超星數字圖書館 ; 今日世界丛书 線上可獲得  館藏已從我的最愛中刪除 85  圖書 世界职业技朮敎育 中央敎育科学研究所, 比较敎育研究室 1988. 超星數字圖書館 ; 今日世界比较敎育丛书 線上可獲得  館藏已從我的最愛中刪除 86  圖書 世界学前敎育研究 中央敎育科学研究所比较敎育研究室 1989. 超星數字圖書館 ; 今日世界比较敎育丛书 線上可獲得  館藏已從我的最愛中刪除 87  圖書 世界第二经济大国日本 张可喜著 張, 可喜 1993. 超星數字圖書館 ; 今日世界丛书 線上可獲得  館藏已從我的最愛中刪除 88  圖書 今日世界之最 主编刘世同, 谢剑, 方之 ; 编译李铁瑛 ... [等] 1989. 超星數字圖書館 線上可獲得  館藏已從我的最愛中刪除 89  圖書 世界敎育思想发展探略 中央敎育科学硏究所比较敎育硏究室 1989. 超星數字圖書館 ; 今日世界比较敎育丛书 線上可獲得  館藏已從我的最愛中刪除 90  圖書 世界普通教育的改革趋势 中央教育科学研究所比较教育研究室 1989. 超星數字圖書館 ; 今日世界比较教育丛书 線上可獲得  館藏已從我的最愛中刪除 頁碼 9 調整檢索結果 排序規則: 相關性 僅顯示 圖書館館藏 線上資源 出版年 自 1932 to 2018 調整 資源類型 圖書 158 錄影資料 91 錄音資料 8 手稿/學位論文 6 期刊 2 顯示更多 主題 作者/創建者 典藏分館/系館 語言
 66  成吉思汗与今日世界之形成 / 杰克.威泽弗德(Jack Weatherford)著 ; 温海清,姚建根译 Weatherford, J. McIver. ; 威澤弗德 (Weatherford, J. Mciver) ; 2006. 现代图书馆 可在 總圖書館 總圖2F人社資料區 (782.857 5346 5335)獲得

 68  世界文化史 : 增订版 = A cultural history of the world / 裔昭印主编 2010. 博雅大学堂. 历史 可在 總圖書館 總圖2F人社資料區 (713 4460-21 2010)獲得  館藏已從我的最愛中刪除

75  圖書 跛足的白熊 : 今日俄军 : 陷足泥淖的庞然巨兽 1997. 超星數字圖書館 ; 世界军事列强博览 76  圖書 垂老的雄狮 : 今日英军 : 大英帝国的一脉余晖 1997

74  圖書 重握武士刀 今日日本 : 悄然显形的军国幽灵 / [王湘穗, 乔良主编 ; 闻轩撰稿] 1997. 超星數字圖書館 ; 世界军事列强博览 線上可獲得  館藏已從我的最愛中刪除

Eco was interested in the mind; he lived for his mind. .Umberto Eco’s Antilibrary...Aquinas《神學大全》Summa Theologica/ The Aesthetics of Thomas Aquinas

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"Umberto Eco was one of the people I spent the most time with but knew the least," writes Tullio Pericoli. "He deserves a lifetime record for never talking about himself, not even in his novels. Not until the very end. Essentially, I think he deprived himself of a pleasure. I mean, who doesn’t like to talk about themselves, and sometimes even whine a little? By not confiding in others, others were not inclined to confide in him. I would never have talked to him about something that saddened me or about a love story that was causing me heartache. He would’ve tried to cheer me up, of course, but probably by telling me a joke. It was easier to understand his mind than his soul. Eco was interested in the mind; he lived for his mind. For him, souls were stupid."





Portraits: Umberto Eco, Saul Steinberg, and Aldo Buzzi

UMBERTO ECO
Tullio Pericoli
Tullio Pericoli: Umberto Eco, 1990
When my love affair with the city of Milan began, Umberto Eco, who was only four years older than me, was already practically editor-­in-­chief of Bompiani publishing company. I sought him out, arranged a meeting, and pitched my drawings to him. Clean-­shaven, his fair skin in contrast with his dark hair, he had pleasant features and a voice that occasionally bordered on shrill. He never lost that metallic falsetto.
Nothing came of the meeting, but what remains of it in my memory is a tone of kindness that Eco didn’t actually display but, rather, thought. Eco thought through every single thing, whether it was something he had to do or something that had to be done to him. I believe he also thought a lot about his death, just as he thought about and planned for what came after.
Our real meeting came on the heels of a letter he wrote me in 1977 in which he asked for the original of a drawing I did of him that was published in the Corriere della Sera.
“I certainly can’t return the favor by sending you a typescript of one of my articles with handwritten corrections. In the best-­case scenario, it would only acquire value as a collectible in a couple of centuries, which is to say after the Apocalypse,” he added in his letter.
As he confided to Silvia Ballestra, our families became close friends, and that included our children, wives, and grandchildren. We spent time together in Milan, in Monte Cerignone, and at our home in Rosara, near Ascoli. What he loved most about the house in Rosara was the swimming pool: he spent hours floating in it. His body kept him buoyed up naturally. I remember how he’d rest on the water without moving and let the waves from other swimmers gently rock his body. Back then, his house in Monte Cerignone didn’t have a swimming pool. “Talk to Renate about it, tell her it’s no big deal,” he’d say. But Renate, his wife, didn’t want a pool. She had enough to do hosting all their friends and didn’t need to deal with a pool as well. And then one was built for him.
Eco was one of the people I spent the most time with but knew the least. He deserves a lifetime record for never talking about himself, not even in his novels. Not until the very end. Essentially, I think he deprived himself of a pleasure. I mean, who doesn’t like to talk about themselves, and sometimes even whine a little?
By not confiding in others, others were not inclined to confide in him. I would never have talked to him about something that saddened me or about a love story that was causing me heartache. He would’ve tried to cheer me up, of course, but probably by telling me a joke. It was easier to understand his mind than his soul. Eco was interested in the mind; he lived for his mind. For him, souls were stupid. And he was probably right: the soul arouses passion, not reason. The soul devolves into the irrational, the soul blathers.
Once—we were already old at the time—we were sitting on the lawn in Monte Cerignone and I said, “Umberto, do you ever have someone in mind when you write? I do. I usually have one or two readers in mind, not always the same ones, but friends or people I hold in high esteem. What about you?”
Eco never had anyone in mind. “Maybe the people who’ll read my work in a couple of generations,” he said.
“But what about the critics or your millions of readers?” I asked. “Nope.”
Was that why he chose not to talk about himself? Did he consider us, and rightfully so, unworthy of listening to him?
In his later years he grew kinder and more generous. He went to great lengths to help out his friends. One evening I was touched to see him sitting in the back of the room at an inane launch party for one of my books. How I adored that man. And not just because his presence made me look good, which he knew, and which he knew that I knew, but because he truly wanted to give me the gift of his presence.
Then we, his friends, found out about his illness. Deeply worried about him, we kept each other updated on his health. But Eco himself never disclosed a thing.
One evening in mid-­November, after the launch party for Giulio Camillo’s L’idea del teatro, we all went out to dinner. Eco had been one of the guest speakers, together with editor Lina Bolzoni. Fleur Jaeggy, who published thebook with Roberto Calasso, and who was also at the dinner, asked the waiter for some butter. Using butter at the table is a northern European custom, one that has never quite caught on in the restaurants of Milan. Fleur had to insist several times before the waiter brought it. At the sight of the butter, Eco suddenly came to his senses, as if reawakened from one of his reveries that plunged him into secret abysses. We were used to it. He often let his thoughts wander when he was at the table or, in any case, among friends.
He picked up a spoon, scooped out an enormous hunk of butter, and spread it onto a tiny piece of bread. Renate wasn’t there that night and I was taking her place.
“Umberto, you’re not really going to eat that!” I said. Eco looked at me like a child happily breaking the rules.“It’s bad for you,” I insisted.
“That’s why I’m doing it,” he replied proudly, popping the butter into his mouth. We looked each other deep in the eyes. That was the moment we finally spoke; I told him with my eyes that I understood.
He died that February. Half of Milan came to his funeral; it was mobbed. His knowledge of several languages meant that he had talked to many, many people over the years.
The day before the funeral we all gathered at his home in Piazza Castello to be with Renate, their children, and grandchildren. As I wandered around the living room, I found it impossible to detach from him mentally. It was as if he were down the hall, in his study, but I couldn’t get up the courage to go see him.
“You’re leaving without seeing Nonno?” his grandson, Emanuele, asked me as I was making my way to the door. A serious boy of fifteen, he took me by the arm and led me down a long, book-­lined boulevard of a hallway. Eco had been laid out in his study-­library, surrounded by the amphitheater of his bookshelves. The perfect parallelepiped of his coffin reminded me for an instant of his swimming pool. We stopped a few feet away. Looking at the open coffin from the side, I could see half his face, half his belly, and the tips of his shoes. His face was rosy, as if warmed by the sun.
Ah, I thought, Umberto is just pretending to be dead. He’s really just floating on his back.
Tullio Pericoli


ALDO BUZZI (AND SAUL STEINBERG)
Tullio Pericoli
Tullio Pericoli: Saul Steinberg, 2018
I admit that I tried to get to know Aldo Buzzi so that he would introduce me to Saul Steinberg. He figured it out and never forgave me for it.
I can’t remember how we eventually met or who introduced us. It might have been Giorgio Zampa, a mutual friend. I know for certain that I only started to appreciate Buzzi’s writing after we became acquainted: I bought his books, read them, and began to respect him. We sort of became friends, but it wasn’t easy being Buzzi’s friend. Steinberg was his only friend, and Steinberg’s only friend was Buzzi.
I had followed Steinberg’s work with careful attention and love ever since I realized that poring over his drawings helped my own hand grow stronger. I moved it more easily across the page, I learned when to rest, how and when to lift it up. The reflection of Steinberg’s hand filtered through the pages of his books, coming and going, giving rise to something that wasn’t merely a sign, but a tiny living being, with its own anxieties and neuroses, its moments of happiness and desperation. For a person who draws, capturing that sign and breathing new life into it is unequivocally both a commitment and a responsibility, yet also a great pleasure.
Tullio Pericoli
Tullio Pericoli: Aldo Buzzi, 2018
Would I ever manage to make the shadow of that hand become real? Would I ever be able to reach out and shake his hand with my own one day? That’s what I sought to attain through Buzzi. We were in contact, now and then, Steinberg and I: we exchanged letters and a few illustrated postcards, the kind he loved to send.
Steinberg was deeply attached to Italy and visited periodically, always staying with Buzzi. Then, from Milan, the two of them would go off to a small country house, somewhere near Varese or thereabouts.
Buzzi promised to introduce me to Steinberg on numerous occasions but each time, for some good reason, it never happened. Slowly but surely, these empty promises started to resemble one of Steinberg’s drawings. The words, vowels, and consonants of Buzzi’s excuses piled up one on top of another and took the shape of a wall that grew evermore insurmountable. The wall also served to protect the Steinberg originals that Buzzi kept at home, that he wouldn’t let go of, not for any price—this one was a keepsake, that one was tied to a special event, a third to a dear person.
In the end, I gave up.
Tullio Pericoli
Tullio Pericoli: Saul Steinberg, 2004
One day, a few years later, I was at the Adelphi offices going over the layout for a book of my portraits, and someone showed me the galleys of a forthcoming publication. It was a book of letters that Steinberg had written to Buzzi, and that Buzzi himself had edited. A big, beautiful edition with lots of drawings, all which he owned. I went back to my studio and around seven that evening I telephoned Buzzi.
“I saw the galleys of the book of letters, with all those beautiful drawings. Please sell me one, Mr. Buzzi. You choose which one.”
“If you come to my house tomorrow morning at ten, I’ll give you one.”
“But Mr. Buzzi!” I said, stunned. I hadn’t expected him to say that. “People don’t do that kind of thing anymore—it would be amazing!”
“Just come over tomorrow.”
The following morning he welcomed me into his living room on Via Bassini as he had done many times before, then disappeared into another room. Several long minutes went by. He came back with a small Steinberg.
“From now on,” he said. “Call me Aldo.”
—translation by Oonagh Stransky

Adapted from Tullio Pericoli’s Incroci, published by Adelphi.




意大利重要作家、符號學家、理論家 Umberto Eco(安伯托·艾可)離世,享年84歲。
重要著作如《玫瑰的名字》、 《博科擺》、《讀者的角色──記號語言學的探討》等。
Internationally acclaimed Italian author Umberto Eco has died, according to…
WWW.NPR.ORG


Italian writer Umberto Eco dies at 84




Umberto Eco. Photo: December 2010Image copyrightReuters
Image captionUmberto Eco's last book - Year Zero - was published last year

The Italian writer and philosopher Umberto Eco, best known for his novel The Name of the Rose, has died aged 84.
His family says he passed away late on Friday at his home. No further details were given.
The Name of the Rose was made into a film in 1989 starring Scottish actor Sean Connery.
Eco, who also wrote the novel Foucault's Pendulum, continued to publish new works, with Year Zero released last year.
He also wrote children's books and literary criticism.
Eco once wrote that "books always speak of other books, and every story tells a story that has already been told".
"I am a philosopher," he was quoted as saying. "I write novels only on the weekends."
Eco founded the communications department at the University of San Marino in the 1980s.
He was later professor emeritus and chairman of the Higher School of Humanities of the University of Bologna.
Eco was born in Alessandria, northern Italy, in 1932.



Anthony KennyAquinas 阿奎那斯》台北:聯經1984
在 Aquinas (1225- ) 時代 他要去當遊方的 friar, 卻遭到 家人拘留 因為 他們要他當 monk 較有面子.....

friar:會士;修士:托缽的會士,多指方濟、道明、加爾默羅等會會士。friary :會院;托缽會修院:多指方濟、道明、加爾默羅及思定等會會院。monk:隱修士: (1) 度隱修、祈禱、補贖、遵守三聖願生活的人士,包括本篤會、熙篤會等會士。(2) 僧侶;和尚(佛):系借用此字,實際上二者之生活方式並不相同。

Umberto Eco’s Antilibrary: Why Unread Books Are More Valuable to Our Lives than Read Ones

How to become an “antischolar” in a culture that treats knowledge as “an ornament that allows us to rise in the pecking order.”

“It is our knowledge — the things we are sure of — that makes the world go wrong and keeps us from seeing and learning,” Lincoln Steffens wrote in his beautiful 1925 essay. Piercingly true as this may be, we’ve known at least since Plato’s famous Allegory of the Cave that“most people are not just comfortable in their ignorance, but hostile to anyone who points it out.”. Although science is driven by “thoroughly conscious ignorance” and the spiritual path paved withadmonitions against the illusion of thorough understanding, we cling to our knowledge — our incomplete, imperfect, infinitesimal-in-absolute-terms knowledge — like we cling to life itself.
And yet the contour of what we know is a mere silhouette cast by the infinite light of the unknown against the screen of the knowable. The great E.F. Schumacher captured this strange dynamic in the concept of adaequatio — the notion that “the understanding of the knower must be adequate to the thing to be known.” But how do we face our inadequacy with grace and negotiate wisely this eternal tension between the known, the unknown, the knowable, and the unknowable?
That’s what Lebanese-American scholar, statistician, and essayist Nassim Nicholas Taleb explores in a section of his modern classic The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable (public library) — an illuminating inquiry into the unknowable and unpredictable outlier-events that precipitate profound change, and our tendency to manufacture facile post-factum explanations for them based on our limited knowledge.
Taleb uses legendary Italian writer Umberto Eco’s uncommon relationship with books and reading as a parable of the most fruitful relationship with knowledge:
The writer Umberto Eco belongs to that small class of scholars who are encyclopedic, insightful, and nondull. He is the owner of a large personal library (containing thirty thousand books), and separates visitors into two categories: those who react with “Wow! Signore professore dottore Eco, what a library you have! How many of these books have you read?” and the others — a very small minority — who get the point that a private library is not an ego-boosting appendage but a research tool. Read books are far less valuable than unread ones. The library should contain as much of what you do not know as your financial means, mortgage rates, and the currently tight real-estate market allows you to put there. You will accumulate more knowledge and more books as you grow older, and the growing number of unread books on the shelves will look at you menacingly. Indeed, the more you know, the larger the rows of unread books. Let us call this collection of unread books anantilibrary.


Tsudoku: Japanese for leaving a book unread after buying it, typically piled up together with other unread books. Illustration by Ella Frances Sanders from ‘Lost in Translation: An Illustrated Compendium of Untranslatable Words from Around the World.’ Click image for more.

Eco himself has since touched on humanity’s curious relationship with the known and the unknown in his encyclopedia of imaginary lands, the very existence of which is another symptom of our compulsive tendency to fill in the gaps of our understanding with concrete objects of “knowledge,” even if we have to invent them by the force of our imagination. Taleb adds:
We tend to treat our knowledge as personal property to be protected and defended. It is an ornament that allows us to rise in the pecking order. So this tendency to offend Eco’s library sensibility by focusing on the known is a human bias that extends to our mental operations. People don’t walk around with anti-résumés telling you what they have not studied or experienced (it’s the job of their competitors to do that), but it would be nice if they did. Just as we need to stand library logic on its head, we will work on standing knowledge itself on its head.


Illustration from ‘The Three Astronauts,’ Umberto Eco’s little-known vintage semiotic children’s book. Click image for more.

Noting that his Black Swan theory centers on “our misunderstanding of the likelihood of surprises” because we underestimate the value of what we don’t know and take what we do know “a little to seriously,” Taleb envisions the perfect dancer in the tango with knowledge:
Let us call this an antischolar — someone who focuses on the unread books, and makes an attempt not to treat his knowledge as a treasure, or even a possession, or even a self-esteem enhancement device — a skeptical empiricist.
Complement The Black Swan, which is fascinating it its totality, with astrophysicist Marcelo Gleiser on how to live with mystery in a culture obsessed with certitude, philosopher Hannah Arendt on how unanswerable questions give shape to the human experience, and novelist Marilynne Robinson on the beauty of the unknown.

《神學大全》Summa Theologica一書分三大部,超過二百萬字,1963-75年有 Blackfriars 的英譯本。
Kenny說第二部是Aquinas最偉大的作品,也是亞理斯多德《倫理學》的最佳注釋本之一。
我則讀過他的美學英文本,因為它是當代義大利學者 Eco的博士論文的主題。
Partly as a result of his involvement with Italy's national organization for Catholic youth, he wrote a dissertation on St. Thomas Aquinas and in 1954 was awarded a doctorate of philosophy.
The Aesthetics of Thomas Aquinas,1956
Il problema estetico in San Tommaso (1956 – English translation: The Aesthetics of Thomas Aquinas, 1988, Revised)



Benedictine Order:本篤會:為聖本篤 St. Benedict 480-543 )于 529 年創立于義國喀西諾山的男、女隱修會;會士以祈禱和工作為兩大支柱,每日均隆重舉行彌撒,並隆重歌唱日課;對窮人、旅客視同對待基督,為當地民眾服務:指導農業、推展教育、藝術,對中古時代的歐洲有舉足輕重的貢獻。美籍本篤會士奉教廷之命于 1924 年來華,在北平創辦輔仁社, 1929 年正式立案為輔仁大學。 1933 年該會將輔仁大學管理權移交聖言會後,旋即轉往河南開封傳教並興學。之後在臺北及嘉義建有會院。本篤會全名為 Order of St. Benedict ,縮寫為 O.S.B. friar:會士;修士:托缽的會士,多指方濟、道明、加爾默羅等會會士。monk:隱修士: (1) 度隱修、祈禱、補贖、遵守三聖願生活的人士,包括本篤會、熙篤會等會士。 (2) 僧侶;和尚(佛):系借用此字,實際上二者之生活方式並不相同。Dominicans :道明會士;多明我會士: 1215 年由聖道明 Domingo de Guzman 1170-1221 )創立於法國的普盧葉( Prouille ),為乞食修會之一,注重講道,故亦名宣道會 Order of Preachers ,縮寫為 O.P. 。該會對教會神哲學貢獻頗多;著名學者聖大雅博( St. Albert the Great )及聖道茂( St. Thomas Aquinas )即屬該會。道明會1631 年來華,在福建及臺灣傳教。為臺灣天主教的開拓者。首任中國籍主教羅文藻(西名 Gregory Lopez, 1661-1691 )亦為該會會士。Dominicans :道明會士;多明我會士: 1215 年由聖道明 Domingo de Guzman 1170-1221 )創立於法國的普盧葉( Prouille ),為乞食修會之一,注重講道,故亦名宣道會 Order of Preachers ,縮寫為 O.P. 。該會對教會神哲學貢獻頗多;著名學者聖大雅博( St. Albert the Great )及聖道茂( St. Thomas Aquinas )即屬該會。道明會 1631 年來華,在福建及臺灣傳教。為臺灣天主教的開拓者。首任中國籍主教羅文藻(西名 Gregory Lopez, 1661-1691 )亦為該會會士。

Umberto Eco’s Antilibrary: Why Unread Books Are More Valuable to Our Lives than Read Ones

How to become an “antischolar” in a culture that treats knowledge as “an ornament that allows us to rise in the pecking order.”


“It is our knowledge — the things we are sure of — that makes the world go wrong and keeps us from seeing and learning,” Lincoln Steffens wrote in his beautiful 1925 essay. Piercingly true as this may be, we’ve known at least since Plato’s famous Allegory of the Cave that“most people are not just comfortable in their ignorance, but hostile to anyone who points it out.”. Although science is driven by “thoroughly conscious ignorance” and the spiritual path paved withadmonitions against the illusion of thorough understanding, we cling to our knowledge — our incomplete, imperfect, infinitesimal-in-absolute-terms knowledge — like we cling to life itself.
And yet the contour of what we know is a mere silhouette cast by the infinite light of the unknown against the screen of the knowable. The great E.F. Schumacher captured this strange dynamic in the concept of adaequatio — the notion that “the understanding of the knower must be adequate to the thing to be known.” But how do we face our inadequacy with grace and negotiate wisely this eternal tension between the known, the unknown, the knowable, and the unknowable?
That’s what Lebanese-American scholar, statistician, and essayist Nassim Nicholas Taleb explores in a section of his modern classic The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable (public library) — an illuminating inquiry into the unknowable and unpredictable outlier-events that precipitate profound change, and our tendency to manufacture facile post-factum explanations for them based on our limited knowledge.
Taleb uses legendary Italian writer Umberto Eco’s uncommon relationship with books and reading as a parable of the most fruitful relationship with knowledge:
The writer Umberto Eco belongs to that small class of scholars who are encyclopedic, insightful, and nondull. He is the owner of a large personal library (containing thirty thousand books), and separates visitors into two categories: those who react with “Wow! Signore professore dottore Eco, what a library you have! How many of these books have you read?” and the others — a very small minority — who get the point that a private library is not an ego-boosting appendage but a research tool. Read books are far less valuable than unread ones. The library should contain as much of what you do not know as your financial means, mortgage rates, and the currently tight real-estate market allows you to put there. You will accumulate more knowledge and more books as you grow older, and the growing number of unread books on the shelves will look at you menacingly. Indeed, the more you know, the larger the rows of unread books. Let us call this collection of unread books anantilibrary.


Tsudoku: Japanese for leaving a book unread after buying it, typically piled up together with other unread books. Illustration by Ella Frances Sanders from ‘Lost in Translation: An Illustrated Compendium of Untranslatable Words from Around the World.’ Click image for more.

Eco himself has since touched on humanity’s curious relationship with the known and the unknown in his encyclopedia of imaginary lands, the very existence of which is another symptom of our compulsive tendency to fill in the gaps of our understanding with concrete objects of “knowledge,” even if we have to invent them by the force of our imagination. Taleb adds:
We tend to treat our knowledge as personal property to be protected and defended. It is an ornament that allows us to rise in the pecking order. So this tendency to offend Eco’s library sensibility by focusing on the known is a human bias that extends to our mental operations. People don’t walk around with anti-résumés telling you what they have not studied or experienced (it’s the job of their competitors to do that), but it would be nice if they did. Just as we need to stand library logic on its head, we will work on standing knowledge itself on its head.


Illustration from ‘The Three Astronauts,’ Umberto Eco’s little-known vintage semiotic children’s book. Click image for more.

Noting that his Black Swan theory centers on “our misunderstanding of the likelihood of surprises” because we underestimate the value of what we don’t know and take what we do know “a little to seriously,” Taleb envisions the perfect dancer in the tango with knowledge:
Let us call this an antischolar — someone who focuses on the unread books, and makes an attempt not to treat his knowledge as a treasure, or even a possession, or even a self-esteem enhancement device — a skeptical empiricist.
Complement The Black Swan, which is fascinating it its totality, with astrophysicist Marcelo Gleiser on how to live with mystery in a culture obsessed with certitude, philosopher Hannah Arendt on how unanswerable questions give shape to the human experience, and novelist Marilynne Robinson on the beauty of the unknown.

A Duty to Resist :When Disobedience Should Be Uncivil By Candice Delmas。抵抗的義務:面對不義的非文明抗命行動

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Cover for   A Duty to Resist

A Duty to Resist

When Disobedience Should Be Uncivil

Candice Delmas

  • Puts forward a groundbreaking theory that resisting injustice is itself a duty, which sometimes requires lawbreaking
  • Turns a major tradition in political theory against itself by offering the first sustained case for political obligations to resist unjust laws
  • Offers the first philosophical treatment of uncivil disobedience, its defensibility, and its limits
  • Weighs in on current issues and social movements such as Black Lives Matter, the anti-Trump resistance, feminist activism in Europe and Russia, government whistleblowing, hacktivism, and efforts to aid undocumented migrants and asylum-seekers

抵抗的義務:面對不義的非文明抗命行動


內容簡介

關於義務,你怎麼想?
面對不義,抵抗就是義務!
面對不正當的政府,違法就是義務!
當國家行使暴力,抗命就是義務!

  面對不義,我們有何責任?為了對抗不義,我們應該做到什麼程度?許多人認為,只要國家近乎公正,公民就有遵守法律的道德義務。支持公民抗命的人通常認為,考慮到這種道德義務,我們必須有堅實的理由才可以違法。但從梭羅、甘地以至「黑人生命運動」(Movement for Black Lives)的行動主義者早就認識到,有時候我們並非有守法的義務,而是有違法的義務。

  《抵抗的義務:面對不義的非文明抗命行動》(A Duty to Resist: When Disobedience Should Be Uncivil)一書認真看待這種行動主義的歷史,致力於處理在包庇不義的現實社會中我們有何政治義務的問題。本書作者康迪絲.戴瑪(Candice Delmas)主張,正義的義務、公平原則、撒瑪利亞人義務(Samaritan duty)和政治連繫使我們肩負抵抗不義的責任。我們必須擴大政治義務,納入抵抗不公正的法律和社會狀況的責任──即使在正當的國家也是這樣。

  戴瑪認為這種抵抗的義務要求我們有原則地抗命,而這種抗命不必總是文明的。也就是說,暗中進行的、採用武力的、逃避法律責任的或冒犯人的違法行為有時是合理的,甚至是必要的。作者替特定情況下某些行為的可行性和必要性辯護,包括非法協助無證移民、洩露機密資料、分散式阻斷服務(DDoS)攻擊、破壞、武裝自衛和游擊藝術(guerrilla art)。但這是有限制的:原則本身不足以支持我們違法。不過,為了抵抗不義,非文明抗命有時不但是可容許的,還是必要的。

  戴瑪也指出,抵抗的義務要求我們自我教育,認識結構性種族歧視和隱性偏見的運作方式;聆聽受壓迫者的證詞;培養對我們自身和我們孩子的自欺之道德理解和抵抗;要求追究警察和其他受法律掩護者法外殺人(extrajudicial killings)的責任;吸引世人注意並致力消除大規模監禁;直接違反要求舉報或禁止協助無證移民的法律;從事有原則抗命以突顯和杜絕針對女性、性少數群體、少數族群和殘障者的歧視;以及迫使我們的政府改革世界各地不公正的貿易、勞動、環境和能源制度。我們應該挑戰並拒絕遵從性別主義者;種族主義者;恐懼同性戀、跨性別、順性別人士和歧視殘障的文化與社會規範。我們應該抵制道德有虧的產品,並積極支持堅持高尚原則的廠商;捐助致力於社會正義和民主事業的組織;記錄並舉報我們看到的惡行,即使法律可能禁止我們這麼做;必要時參與罷工;儘可能利用我們的地位、資源和才能救濟苦難和促進正義──無論是官員利用手上的權力,名人利用自己的名氣,還是普通人利用自身的技能和天賦。

好評推薦:

  「戴瑪為某些情況下的非文明抗命辯護,其論述文筆優美、深思熟慮、理性克制。她認為抵抗不義既是權利也是義務,其論點令人難以抗拒。僅支持文明抗命的讀者會發現,這本書提出了值得重視的異議。」──麥可.華爾澤(Michael Walzer),高等研究院社會科學榮譽教授(Professor Emeritus of Social Science, Institute for Advanced Study)

  「戴瑪這本精采的新書指出,我們有對抗不義的政治義務,而這可能經常導致我們有違抗法律的責任。有關我們為什麼應該遵守法律的標準論據,例如公平和連帶關係(associative ties),實際上也是支持我們在某些情況下違抗法律──包括藉由非文明抗命反抗壓迫──的有力論據。戴瑪的著作見解深刻、扣人心弦、分析敏銳,在學術上有重要貢獻,同時呼籲大家付諸行動抵抗不義。」──金佰利.布朗利(Kimberley Brownlee),華威大學哲學教授(Professor of Philosophy, University of Warwick)

  「戴瑪重新思考了有原則地不服從不義的法律、慣例和規範在概念和道德上的基礎。她根本地擴展了我們對政治異議的範圍和要求的認識。這本書就抵抗不義這件事提出了一種深入、縝密和及時的理論。」──湯米.雪比(Tommie Shelby),《黑暗貧民區:不義、異議與改革》(Dark Ghettos: Injustice, Dissent, and Reform)作者

  「我們從小到大,都被教導要順從團體的準則,也因為遵守這些規定,我們獲得團體的肯定與歸屬感。但是萬一這些規則本身就是有問題,導致不義的後果,我們是否也成為了助長邪惡勢力的共犯?在許多情況下,守法帶來的後果是人道災難與獨裁暴政,因為我們拒絕伸手援助,或是抱持著順民心態,以為乖乖地服從權威就可以帶來自身的安全。這一本書打破了這種迷思,要求我們正視那些扭曲人性、違背正義、但是卻合法的真實情況,從而思考抵抗作為一種更高尚的公民義務。」──何明修,台大社會系教授

  「我早已不是激進者。若有嚴重的不義,我會起身抵抗。但我不以為抵抗是任何人的義務。讀了書稿之後,我發現我接受作者的哲學論證。對於美麗的哲學論證,我無法迴避推薦的義務。就抵抗的義務來說,現時起身抵抗的香港青年演示了抵抗乃符合人類良知的召喚,證明了這項義務是存在的。我被說服了。」──周奕成,創業人/創作者

  「如今是一個必須認真重新檢視『和理非』原則的時代。當社會不平等加劇、政經權力逐漸集中、監控科技增強了國家控制力,堅守和平理性的文明對抗手段便已難以糾正不義。在道德上,我們不能為了逃避有形的抗爭暴力、暫時性的經濟財產損害、或者特定的違法行為,去放任那些影響力更大的系統性暴力以及制度性不義去傷害社會或個人。本書點出了近年來相關爭議中常見的思想盲點。如果必須激烈抵抗才能降低系統性不義,抵抗就是必要的。如果暴政成為事實,革命就是義務。」──劉維人,《暴政》、《反民主》、《憤怒與希望:網路時代的社會運動》譯者

  「抗爭只要使用暴力都不行嗎?不管鎮壓者使用多少粗暴手段,爭取公義的一方,就永遠只能選擇『和平』、『理性』、『非暴力』的聖人之道?如果你到現在還有這種想法,那你可能從來沒看懂百年來的抗爭史。如果你到現在還對香港反送中運動抱持懷疑態度,不明白為何『和理非』不願與『勇武』割席,那你千萬不能錯過本書。當獨裁成為事實,革命就是義務。而革命,從來都是暴力的。」──鐘聖雄,記者





譯者之言都分享了 1 條連結
VICTRANSLATES.BLOGSPOT.COM
2019 年 12 月 6 日 Candice Delmas 2018 年的著作 A Duty to Resist: When Disobedience Should Be Uncivil 中譯本將於 12 月 24 日出版,中文書名為《 抵抗的義務:面對不義的非文明...






推薦人

  何明修 (台大社會學教授)、周奕成(創業人/創作人)、陳信聰(公視有話好說主持人)、黃哲斌(新聞工作者)、劉維人 (《暴政》、《反民主》、《憤怒與希望:網路時代的社會運動》譯者)、鐘聖雄(記者)

作者介紹

作者簡介

康迪絲.戴瑪(Candice Delmas)


  美國東北大學(Northeastern University)哲學與政治科學助理教授,政治、哲學與經濟學課程副主任。2016至2017年於紐約大學法學院擔任研究員。近年來在「不服從」議題的討論上相當活躍。

譯者簡介

許瑞宋


  香港科技大學會計系畢業,曾任路透中文新聞部編譯、培訓編輯和責任編輯。2011年獲第一屆林語堂文學翻譯獎。譯有《基本收入》、《挑戰資本主義:大衛.哈維精選文集》和《大數據的傲慢與偏見》等數十本書。(http://victranslates.blogspot.tw/)

目錄

謝詞
引言:政治義務
第一章:有原則的抗命
第二章:為非文明抗命辯護
第三章:正義與民主
第四章:公平
第五章:撒瑪利亞主義
第六章:政治連繫與尊嚴
第七章:履行政治義務
結論
附錄:川普時代的抵抗義務

The Conscience By Paul Krugman. 兩本美國怎麼了

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美國怎麼了

作者吉姆‧馬爾斯,美國資深記者,也是《紐約時報》暢銷書作家,已出版過多部深受歡迎的著作。在這本書里,馬爾斯用調查式的手法,向讀者展現出了真實的一幕——國際經濟、媒體和政治已經被美國全球統治精英操縱著,他們正在締造一個“新世界秩序”,全世界的每一個人都將被裹挾進去。這個新世界秩序,已經滲透進政治、經濟、網絡、醫療、健康等各大領域。它的影響蔓延到了美國社會的各個角落,從我們在雜貨店買的商品,到晚間新聞節目的話題,概不能免。



2008年針對次貸的經濟援助,真相竟然是金錢在全球精英集團之間的流通?美國富有生機的公民意識,早已經成了拙劣的表演?“大制藥集團”是在消滅疾病,還是在生產疾病?為什麼政府要抑制能夠明顯治療癌癥的器械呢?政府會使用微芯片來監視民眾嗎?愛國法案與納粹立法如何相關?



作者在書中給出了系統性的解決方案,並提出了36條具體建議,讓我們重新思考經濟、政治、醫療和未來!本書對中國的經濟、政治、商業發展有重大借鑒意義。

----
As a commentator, Krugman has written on a wide range of economic issues including income distributiontaxationmacroeconomics, and international economics. Krugman considers himself a modern liberal, referring to his books, his blog on The New York Times, and his 2007 book The Conscience of a Liberal.[14] His popular commentary has attracted widespread attention and comments, both positive and negative.[15]


Krugman has harshly criticized the Trump administration.[133] He has also remarked several times on how the depth of his disapproval of Trump tempts him to just assume the worst, such that he has to be careful to check his personal beliefs against the weight of evidence. Following Trump's election, Krugman suggested that "we are very probably looking at a global recession, with no end in sight." [134] Within two days, he retracted that statement, characterizing it as a lapse in judgment due to having been horrified and depressed by the outcome of the election.[135][136]



In Conscience, Krugman argues that government policies played a much greater role than commonly thought both in reducing inequality in the 1930s through 1970s and in increasing it in the 1980s through the present, and criticizes the Bush administration for implementing policies that Krugman believes widened the gap between the rich and poor.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Krugman


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Conscience of a Liberal
The Conscience of a Liberal cover.jpg
The Conscience of a Liberal cover
AuthorPaul Krugman
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
SubjectModern liberalism
PublisherW. W. Norton
Publication date
October 1, 2007[1]
Media typePrint (Hardcover)
Pages296 pp
ISBN0-393-06069-1
OCLC154706837
339.2/20973 22
LC ClassHC110.I5 K74 2007
The Conscience of a Liberal is a 2007 book written by economist and Nobel laureate Paul Krugman. It was 24th on the New York Times Best Seller list in November 2007.[2] The title was used originally in Senator Paul Wellstone's book of the same name in 2001. Wellstone's title was a response to Barry Goldwater's 1960 book The Conscience of a Conservative. In the book, Krugman studies the past 80 years of American history in the context of economic inequality. A central theme is the reemergence of both economic and political inequality since the 1970s. Krugman analyzes the causes behind these events and proposes a "new New Deal" for America.[1]

Synopsis[edit]

The book is a history of wealth and income gaps in the US in the 20th century. The book documents that the gap between rich and poor declined greatly in mid-century—he refers to this as the "Great Compression"—then widened again, starting in the 1980s, to levels higher than those in the 1920s. Most economists—including Krugman himself—have regarded the late 20th century divergence as resulting largely from changes in technology and trade, but now Krugman writes—particularly in Chapters 1, 3, and 4—that government policies—particularly the establishment of, and subsequent attacks on, the social safety net or "welfare state"—has played a much greater role both in reducing the gap in the 1930s through 1970s, and in widening it in the 1980s through the present.
He talks about the history of American conservatism, both, in Chapter 2, pre-New Deal conservatism—dominating the period between the American Civil War and the Great Depression (which he calls the "Long Gilded Age")—and, in Chapter 6, modern-day "movement conservatism". He argues—particularly in Chapters 5, 6, and 9—that the subtle exploitation by movement conservatives of racial and cultural resentments through small-government rhetoric (see "dog-whistle politics") and of national-security fears were key in the movement's ability to win national elections—even though its policies concentrating wealth at the top should be deeply unpopular. He talks extensively, in Chapter 6, about William F. Buckley, Jr.'s, Irving Kristol's and Ronald Reagan's role in building the movement—and, in Chapters 7 and 8, about the role of "institutions [particularly labor unions] and norms [particularly corporate policy]"—vis-à-vis government policy—in increasing or decreasing economic inequality. He rebukes the George W. Bush administration for policies that were currently widening the gap between the rich and poor.
Nevertheless, Krugman expresses optimism in Chapter 10 that demographic trends—particularly on race and culture—and what he sees as conservative overreach during the Bush years—are creating a new center-left political environment and are slowly undermining the conservative movement. (He references John Judis and Ruy Texeira's book, The Emerging Democratic Majority.) Krugman proposes, in Chapters 11 and 12, that Democrats propose a "new New Deal", which includes placing more emphasis on social and medical programs—particularly universal health care—and less on national defense.[3]
Finally, in Chapter 13, he talks about what it means to be a "liberal", about the rise in new progressive organizations—which, unlike conservative think tanks, publications and other organizations, are actually more de-centralized and independent-thinking—and how many more people appear to support "liberal" policies than are prepared to use that word to describe themselves. The book concludes with advice that, for the time being, liberals must be partisans until both major political parties accept the rationality of the New Deal.[4]

Reviews and critiques[edit]

The book received praise mixed with criticism of partisanship from outlets such as The New York Review of Books,[5] and was criticized by conservative groups and the libertarian Ludwig von Mises Institute, who argued it was overly political and weak on economic content.[6]

Related information[edit]

The Conscience of a Liberal is also the title of Krugman's economics and politics blog, hosted by The New York Times since 2005.[7]
A paperback edition of The Conscience of a Liberal was released in January 2009.

References[edit]

  1. Jump up to:a b "The Conscience of a Liberal". W. W. Norton & Company. Retrieved 2010-01-12.
  2. ^ "Hardcover Nonfiction - New York Times"The New York Times. 2007-11-11. Retrieved 2008-06-23.
  3. ^ Oct 17 2007- Krugman On Healthcare, Tax Cuts, Social Security, the Mortgage Crisis and Alan Greenspan Archived 2007-11-13 at the Wayback Machine, in response to Alan Greenspan's Sept 24 appearance Archived 2007-10-09 at the Wayback Machine with Naomi Klein on Democracy Now!
  4. ^ Krugman, The Conscience of a Liberal, 272-273
  5. ^ November 22, 2007- Tomansky, Michael The Partisan
  6. ^ "The Conscience of Paul Krugman - David Gordon - Mises Institute". Mises.org. Retrieved 2008-10-13.
  7. ^ Paul Krugman:Welcome,The Conscience of a Liberal, September 17, 2005

External links[edit]


中國出版商總是紐曲

近三十年來,美國的政經發展,就是中產階級逐漸消失,少富多貧極端對立,民主與共和兩黨,開始鬥爭尖銳化.並且,少數大財團實際控制美國政治與經濟的走向.
這是美國當代最有影響力的經濟學家克魯格曼教授在『美國怎麼了?』一書,清楚告訴你的.
未提供相片說明。





勞思光,對話的想像; 賀麟香港中大故事 /李怡:深切懷念一位知識分子

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譯者之言和 Stand News 立場新聞都分享了 1 條連結
關於這個網站
  • //業師勞思光曾告訴我一小故事。他年輕時代在北京大學唸書的老師賀麟教授上世紀八十年代到香港中文大學訪問。賀麟是留徳學者,在北大是德國哲學,尤其是黑格爾專家。1949 年留下來。但從此被迫停止學術生涯,之後沒有任何有價值的學術著作。他到中大訪問,當然要做講座。演講前一晚,戰戰兢兢的將講稿交給勞先生檢查!勞先生回應,在中文大學演講,從來沒有檢查內容,這是尊重每個學者的自由。賀麟大惑不解,問中大為什麼如此自由,不怕有麻煩嗎?勞先生對我表示十分悲哀,一位有份量的哲學家,被共產黨折磨到如此,尊嚴和自由都喪失了,能不哀乎!當然比賀麟更可憐的哲學家比比皆是,中國哲學家馮友蘭為了苟且偷生,做了不少歌頌權貴,埋歿良心的事。//


勞思光- 维基百科,自由的百科全书

zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/勞思光
勞思光教授(Sze-Kwang, Lao,原名勞榮瑋,號韋齋,筆名思光,1927年9月3日-2012年10月21日),湖南長沙人,當代重要華人哲學家,學貫中西,尤其長於中國哲學 ...

台灣大學的我的學思過程曾2004?請勞先生演說. 文末希望其"弟子"採團隊合作方式研究其文化哲學
吳有能1994 自覺心的探索--勞思光教授得道德文化哲學    中國文哲研究通訊1994.9



對話的想像== 勞思光

***** 亂我心者
昨天我是受贈書之有緣人:
《葉阿月教授佛學論文集》(有書籍版和CD)台北市: 財團法人台北淨法界善友文教基金會 ,成本價:1600元,2012
賴老闆顯邦是葉教授的學生,跟他學梵文,也是該基金會董事,據他說葉老師幫他弄帳面10萬,讓他每年可用捐一位獎學金的方式當董事之資格。

《中國哲學史  三上‧三下》台北:三民,1981
蕭公權《中國政治想史  上‧下》台北:華岡,1964/1977六版,1980買的,有孔誕2531等題記,我跟賴兄說,此種紀年方式,只在梁任公年青時的文章看過。

晚上為Abe退伍喝一杯. 我不喜歡身有一技之長的碩士 一定要去當編輯 賺的只是當修理工的三分之一
Abe 談父子之間的剝削和感情
辜先生和我談起永安兄的新作大都會等等
我告訴這位快翻譯完惡之華的朋友 我讀法英對照本的一些看法


 前一陣子取得先生的勞思光中國哲學史 一冊 還來不及看  僅以舊文紀念先生

對話的想像

借用俄人米哈伊爾.巴赫金(Mikhail Bakhtin)的書名,作為本篇的題目,以紀念某些短暫的談話引起的一些沈

國立歷史博物館在黃男先生的領導下,氣象一新,不只讓博物館開始與學生「對話」(原來,許多對面的建中學生從未踏入該館一步,黃先生就開放它,免費讓學生入館看看),他更邀請些一流的學者,舉辦三天的學術討論會:「台灣復後中華文化發展之回顧與省。我認為從知識的角度而言,西學已成現代人的「體」與「用」了。我對黃仁宇先生、林毓生先生的敬業、認真精神很欣賞。不過由於機緣關係,有機會教先生一些他對教育的看法,藉本文與讀者們共享。

先生檢討過去五十年的中國哲學,認為中國忽視了馬克斯主義最精彩的一面,即強調人道主義的哲學維,而只利用馬克主義在政治革命鬥爭下的想法,導致這些年來只有威權主義,強調統治集團的利益、訴諸民族主義.....他的這些提醒,可以幫助我們了解外國人對於中共人權想上的困惑及失望:如果真正服膺馬克斯主義,對弱勢(囚犯等)及異議份子,理應善待之,不料結果卻是虐待及壓迫。

先生說:在這種氣氛下,世界上中國人的學術活力卻並未真正的衰退。會中有人認為這是台灣發展本土特色、自立自強的良機。不過,先生固然對中共的官僚體系之結構,以及實質想空洞化、無根,特權橫行等深表悲觀;而另一方面,對於台灣是否有本事造就一流的想學人才,持保留態度。我當然不會放過機會就教他。下述的交談很簡短,文責該由我負。

先生認為教育的主要奾的,是希望下一代比上一代更好。師道固然包含「傳道、授業、解惑」,不過他認為「解惑」最主要。換句話說,老師要找出學生的特性,指引學生適合自己的路,發揮其才能。這種指引的過程,可以說是「解惑」。可惜台灣目前學術界有一弊病,許多人喜歡「自立門派」,學生進入師門後,大概就罩在一言堂下(這句話是作者本人加的)。
先生的談話,就介紹到這兒。會中除了嚴肅的討論外,也有些插曲較有趣,甚至引人深。例如某官員把一句流行話改為「要教才會贏!」另外,會中有人「小作」廣告,推廣《儒報》,我個人也讀儒家書,可是對於新儒家體系「氣味不相投」;新儒學對我只是「生命情調的抉擇」(劉述先書名)。不過,我看了陳立夫先生的題祝:「儒家即教育家也,故凡合乎教育之文章,均為儒報所歡迎也。」深表同情、了解。

同一天,看了《明報月刊》(12月號)上有人痛陳香港教育體系大弊,說教室中只有老師的自言自語或單向傳授,完全沒有「對話」。文中指出,儒的「仁」,其實重點在「對話」,所以不只是「仁者人也」,更是「二人對話」。可是我認為這種「仁際關係」用西方「對話」是失當的,因為孔門的對話方式與內容,基本與西洋的傳統不同。

請特別注意,近來「對話」己泛用得太「貶值」,先生在《中國文化路向問題的新檢討》中,比較西方辯(對話)與中國「教」的觀念,指出自覺地考「辯」的共同規則,是西方文化的主軸,有別於我們的「教」,甚至「墨辯」(作者所加),我們不宜太附會「仁際關係」。
如果我們引用雅斯貝爾斯的《什麼是教育》上的教育基本類型來說,目前中港台的的教育,仍停留在「到學校去就是學習固定的知識,學會一些現成的結論與答案。」也就是屬於「經院式教育」。不過,目前各種教育(含管理學)理想,仍然在《論語》上的「師徒式教育」或各種柏拉圖對話錄上的「蘇格拉底式教育」。換句話說,這是教育的真諦,值得我們進一步討論。
---84.12.29.---1995.12.29 立報‧教育人行道  鍾漢清

 近代哲學大師勞思光病逝 享壽90歲/85
哲學大師、中研院院士勞思光,昨天病逝於台北醫學大學附設醫院,享壽90歲,勞思光是近代重要的華人哲學家,他花了至少十年時間完成的中國哲學史,是兩岸三地最重要的哲學史,他精通術數,有學者說,他是最有資格撰寫中國術數史之人,但很可惜,他並未留下此一著作。

一向以英國紳士穿著,打著領結出現在公開場合的哲學大師勞思光,是中研院目前唯一一位哲學領域的院士,他的祖父是勞崇光是清朝兩廣總督,他的父親勞競九曾 加入同盟會,參與辛亥革命。勞思光北京大學哲學系畢業後,逃難來到台灣,後來旅居香港,他因不滿意胡適和馮友蘭兩人所寫的中國哲學史,花了十年的時間撰寫 了中國哲學史,與西方哲學史對話。

==資料畫面 中研院院士 勞思光==

勞思光所著的中國哲學史,如今是兩岸三地文史哲學系學生最重要的教科書,因為家學淵源及深厚的古文造詣,勞思光也精通術數,但很可惜未能留下著作。

==中研院歷史語言研究所長 黃進興==
做中國術數史
必須要有非常好的國學基礎
他是很少數會算大六壬
一種比較複雜系統的算命
我是覺得他是最有資格
做中國術數史的人
但是很可惜他沒有完成

1989年黃進興到香港演講,得知勞思光有意來台教學,居中聯繫,勞思光回台後到清華大學任教,後來又到政大、最後落腳華梵大學,年輕學生說,勞教授就像是一部活歷史,具大師風範但又平易近人。

==華梵大學哲學碩士 陳思穎==
聽老師上課就好像
在看一本百科全書一樣

勞思光一生都投注在哲學研究及哲學教育,是華人哲學家的 代表。

==華梵大學校長 朱建民==
他是一個非常專注於
單一興趣的一個純思想家
可以說是一以貫之

勞思光一生崇尚自由民主,在解嚴後回來台灣,從不考慮踏足中國,他對於時代轉變憂心忡忡,認為目前面臨的是一個危機時代,但也是轉機的時刻,雖然他已離世,但留下的思想將永存。
記者陳姝君張梓嘉台北報導。






李怡:深切懷念一位知識分子
       
        我在一九八一年與勞思光教授認識,正是我人生的關鍵轉折時期。當時我在文革後覺醒,從對中共的認同到重新認識中國,也帶領着我主編的《七十年代》雜誌,在言論方向有所轉變。這時,香港前途問題引起關注,勞教授發起組織香港前景研究社展開討論,他請徐東濱先生邀我參加。參加者還有胡菊人、董千里等人。我們的出發點,是基本上不相信中共對香港的承諾,因而提出各種設想去延續港英時代的成功制度。

同年九月,我跟勞教授作了一次《中國之路向》的訪談,發表在一九八一年《七十年代》十月號。這個訪談,受到香港某左派月刊大肆抹黑攻擊,攻擊文章由中共內部刊物《參考消息》轉登,由是而使我及《七十年代》與中共關係畫上句號。

因香港前景研究社結緣,我與勞教授有了較多交往。他比我長半輩,是我的良師益友。他的學術成就,不是我這樣學少識淺的文人可以評說的。我只能講幾點對他的印象。我首先想到的是,他是一位非常重條理的人,對許多人們常常受困擾的問題,他都會作出條分理析的釐清。比如在我跟他作的訪談中,我提到許多海外人士認為,中國只能由中共領導,因為中國並沒有一個可以取代中共的勢力。

教授就說:「我們對於一個現實上的統治勢力,是採取支持或是反對的態度,是根據我們對它的『評估』而定。而是否已經有可以取代它的勢力存在,則屬於『觀察』的範圍。『評估』與『觀察』根本是兩回事。倘若我們『評估』一個政府或一個執政黨,覺得有客觀根據說它的領導是對人民及國家有益,我們縱然『觀察』到許多現成勢力的存在,仍然有理由支持這個政府或政黨;反過來說,如果我們根據客觀成績來『評估』一個政府或執政黨的時候,發現它的領導把國家弄得一塌糊塗,使人民生活陷入痛苦,社會風氣墮落不堪,則縱使在『觀察』一面,看不見任何可以取代它的勢力,我們仍然應該反對它,應該追求大改革。」

他以上的評說,與他信奉儒家的義與命的分際有關。這是我想說的他給我的第二個印象。勞教授年輕時曾遇高人,授以占卜術數,後又精心研讀所有神秘學的古籍。因精於此道,熟朋友中有「鬼谷子」綽號。不過他平時很少露這一手。他堅守義與命分際,「義」講是非對錯,「命」指成敗得失,他認為凡事都以「義」為先,即以是非對錯作人生路向的抉擇,而以「命」即衡量成敗得失居後。決定了義的選擇,有時也會卜算命之所趨。他這個做人的原則,對我後來的人生選擇甚有影響。

教授給我第三個印象,是他一生不僅是一位自由主義的學者,而且是關懷社會和國是、不怕獨持異見的知識分子。不僅在言論上,而且身體力行。他在台灣因主張民主自由引起情治當局注意,被迫離台來港任教。他堅持台灣若不解除戒嚴,他不會去台灣。他又堅持大陸一天仍由共產黨統治,他也不回大陸。他還表示,香港若淪入共黨手中,他也不會留在香港。許多人可能只是嘴裏說,但勞教授卻是真這麼做。但他只是自己實行,並不勉強別人依從。我想這是他晚年離開家人在台灣獨居的原因。

三十年前,我脫離左派陣營後,在學識、見地和人格上,深受兩位學者影響,一是徐復觀教授,一是勞思光教授。徐在八二年去世,我與他接觸不多,但因接觸而日以繼夜地讀他的著作,對儒家文化重新認識,對中國政治也有了新觀察角度。一九八一年,我分別給這兩位學人作過深入訪問。其中談到知識分子,徐教授認為中國知識分子長期受專權政治影響,崇拜權勢,有奶便是娘,早已把傳統文化中「以天下為己任」的基本價值丟掉了;勞教授則認為中國和香港特別需要知識分子的努力,因為觀念的建立,對客觀事理的了解,不是依靠媚俗言論可以成功的,它要靠知識分子提倡理性態度、堅持公平要求、提倡嚴格思考,才能為社會未來發展建立普遍基礎。

我在其後三十年的歲月,秉承徐教授的教誨,銘記中國傳統文化中「說大人則藐之,勿視其巍巍然」,質疑權貴;也秉承勞教授的誨導,努力以理性思考去抗擊媚俗言論,不畏權勢也不畏群情。儘管成績極有限,總算盡了自己的本份。如今,徐勞二公這樣的知識分子,已不多見,唯望中大勞教授的幾位高足,能繼承他的香火,作育英才,開枝散葉。勞教授,長在我心,深念之深念之。(中大勞思光追思會獻文)



《空中帝國.美國的二十世紀》History of Aviation

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興亡的世界史(全套21卷  日本講談社/台灣八旗)
我只翻讀過12《亦近亦遠的東南亞》

12《亦近亦遠的東南亞》
  石澤良昭(上智大學特任教授)――著

 17《大英帝國的經驗》
  井野瀨久美惠(甲南大學教授)――著

20《空中帝國.美國的二十世紀》
  生井英考(立教大學教授)――著


MIT Technology Review 和 OpenMind

History of Aviation

From the Wright brothers' pioneering airplane to the refined aircraft of the digital era.

Follow this interactive timeline and discover the greatest flight milestones (and a few significant losses) over the last century.


From the Wright brothers' pioneering airplane to the refined aircraft of the digital era. Celebrate with us the International Civil Aviation Day with this interactive timeline of the history of aviation.






BBVAOPENMIND.COM

Interactive Timeline: the History of Aviation | OpenMind







Fareed Zakaria:The New China Scare;後美國世界: 群雄崛起的經濟新秩序時代

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The nature of the China challenge is different from and far more complex than what the new alarmism portrays, writes Fareed Zakaria. On the single most important foreign policy issue of the next several decades, the U.S. is setting itself up for failure.
FOREIGNAFFAIRS.COM


 
 

The nature of the China challenge is different from and far more complex than what the new alarmism portrays, writes Fareed Zakaria. On the single most important foreign policy issue of the next several decades, the U.S. is setting itself up for failure.

FOREIGNAFFAIRS.COM
The New China Scare

CNN節目主持人、NEWSWEEK國際版主編─法理德.札卡瑞亞(Fareed Zakaria),透過本書告訴我們:戰爭與恐怖暴力漸漸消失,大規模傷亡衝突不再。 中國、印



The Global Public Square helps you make sense of the world, with insights from CNN's Fareed Zakaria.

Global Public Square

Watch “Fareed Zakaria GPS,” Sundays at 10 a.m. and 1 p.m ...

Fareed Zakaria GPS transcripts

FAREED ZAKARIA GPS. Note: This page is continually ...

ウェブ検索結果

Fareed speaks with Doug Saunders, an international affairs columnist for 'The Globe and Mail' and the author of 'The Myth of the Muslim Tide: Do Immigrants Threaten the West?' about the question … Read this post ...

Hildegard von Bingen 聖赫德佳 1098-1179

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Wikipedia

聖赫德嘉·馮·賓根(天主教譯聖賀德佳,聖公會譯聖希爾德格,德語:Hildegard von Bingen拉丁文Hildegardis Bingensis,1098年-1179年9月17日),又被稱為萊茵河的女先知(Sibyl of the Rhine)中世紀德國神學家作曲家作家天主教聖人教會聖師。她擔任女修道院院長修院領袖,同時也是個哲學家科學家醫師語言學家社會活動家博物學家

簡歷[編輯]

在《拉丁教士集》第197卷(Patrologia Latina vol.197)中,修士郭德惠(Godefrid)與賽奧多歷(Theodoric)曾編寫過赫德嘉的生平簡歷。
赫德嘉出身貴族家庭,屬斯龐海姆伯爵家族(Sponheim)領下,(斯龐海姆家族為霍亨斯陶芬王室"Hohenstaufen"的近親),她在家中排行第十,生來孱弱,所以在八歲時(這也有可能出於政治考量),父母便將她送給教會以抵替什一稅(tithe)。赫德嘉進入德國迪希邦登堡(Disibodenberg)附近一間修道院,歸由優塔監護(優塔原文Jutta,斯龐海姆家族的梅因哈德伯爵之姊妹)。當時優塔非常受人歡迎,吸引了許多追隨者,儼然形成一座小型女修院。1136年優塔死後,赫德嘉被選為這個社群的領導者,最後率眾移往萊因河邊賓根的魯伯斯堡(Rupertsberg),並成立一所新的修道院。她在文學與思想上的成就,也被後人拿來與但丁威廉·布萊克相提並論。



12世紀是教派分立、宗教煽動行為盛行的時代,不管布講多麼古怪、多麼天差地遠的教義,都可能迅速集結一群信眾。赫德嘉對教派分立一事多所批判,事實上,她終生都在宣揚她反對教派分立的立場,特別是針對「卡特里派」(Cathar)。
她在很年輕時就曾表示自己有「靈視」(vision)。1141年,當她繼優塔被選為修院領導者五年後,赫德嘉受到了先知蒙召,命令她要「寫妳所見」。一開始,她對於是否要寫下自己靈視的內容仍躊躇不前、多所保留,但這讓她的心靈負著難言重擔,甚至造成了身體上的病痛,最後,她終於被修院成員說服,開始記下自己的靈視內容。

宗教覺醒[編輯]

在優塔身邊接受宗教教育的幾年間,赫德嘉只向優塔及另一位僧侶弗瑪(Volmar,後來成為赫爾嘉終生的書記)吐露過自己的靈視現象。1141年時,赫爾嘉的靈視扭轉了她的生命:在此次靈視中,上帝讓她頓悟各種經書文本的真義,並命令她寫下她在靈視中見到的一切。「接著……當我42歲又7個月的時候,天堂在我眼前開啟,有卓越智慧如眩目強光,流經我整個大腦,使我心胸彷彿起火,卻不感燒灼,而是溫暖……那些書本的意義乍然開朗……」(參見聖靈充滿)。
儘管如此,赫爾嘉仍感到自己完全不足,猶豫是否該採取行動:「雖然我看見了也聽見了,但因為不夠自信,又因為男人們所持的異見,很長一段時間我拒絕接受書寫的召喚──這並非出於固執,而是為了謙卑。直到上帝為此降罪於我,使我病臥不起。」
儘管從未懷疑過自己靈視的神聖來源,赫德嘉仍希望她的靈視能受到天主教會認可。她寫信給聖伯爾納鐸(St. Bernard of Clairvaux),期能獲得他的賜福。儘管給赫德嘉的回信寫得馬馬虎虎,他倒是確實把這件事情回報給教宗真福恩仁三世(Pope Eugene III,1145-1153),真福恩仁三世勉勵她寫完她的靈視內容,為了確定她是否確是受到神的啟發,他安排行程前往訪視赫德嘉,並宣布她並非精神錯亂,而是純正的密契者(mystic)。有了教皇的認可,赫德嘉終於敢完成她第一部記錄靈視內容的作品:《認識主道》(書名原文Scivias,英文意譯為"Know the Ways of the Lord"),並在1153年出版,名揚整個神聖羅馬帝國

Hildegard von Bingen.jpg
Illumination from the Liber Scivias showing Hildegard receiving a vision and dictating to her scribe and secretary


The Church, the Bride of Christ and Mother of the Faithful in Baptism. Illustration to Scivias II.3, fol. 51r from the 20th-century facsimile of the Rupertsberg manuscript, c. 1165–1180



Scivias I.6: The Choirs of Angels. From the Rupertsberg manuscript, fol. 38r.



赫德嘉逝世後被教廷封為聖人,2012年又被追贈教會聖師稱號,是天主教會史上第四位女性聖師。


赫德嘉的作品[編輯]

近代對中世紀教會史、女性史的學術研究,讓赫德嘉成為一個焦點人物,特別是她所創作的音樂。約有80首作品留存下來,數量遠超過絕大多數的中世紀作曲家,其中最為人熟知的是宗教劇(liturgical drama)〈美德典律〉(Ordo Virtutum),這是一齣早期的清唱劇,全由女聲組成,唯一的男聲即代表魔鬼。
赫德嘉許多樂曲作品都是為了宣揚福音所創作,表演者除了她領導的女修院成員之外,維勒的西多隱修會修道院(Cistercian Abbey at Villers)中的男性成員,也因見證了赫德嘉的才華而演出她的作品。她使用一種自行變體的中世紀拉丁文譜寫樂曲,時有造字、縮字與併字,所以,儘管音樂本身是單聲樂曲,後世仍需推敲這些曲目是否該在有限的情況下,配上樂器伴奏──例如搖弦琴(hurdy gurdy)或管風琴,這些曲目展現不同的人聲音域與調式,似也表明它們並不是只針對女聲所譜。除了音樂之外,赫德嘉也撰寫醫學藥草學地理學的論文,她還發明了一種「祕名語」(Lingua Ignota),以23個「祕名字母」(litterae ignotae)組成,大約有900個詞彙,可說是人造語言的前鋒。
1150年左右,赫德嘉帶領她日漸成長的修道院,從原駐的迪希邦登堡,搬到北方30公里處萊茵河畔的賓根地方,稍後又在賓根對岸的愛賓根建立了另一所修道院。儘管她的領導身分從未被該教區正式認可,但許多人在寫給赫德嘉的信件中,都稱她為院長。
赫德嘉晚年創作豐富,她寫歌、譜曲,多半是在宗教節日與慶典禮拜中,頌讚基督教聖人聖母瑪麗亞的清唱曲以及讚美詩。文字作品方面,除了《認識主道》之外,另還有兩部記載靈視內容的主要作品,分別是1150年─1163年寫成的《生之功德書》(Liber vitae meritorum ),以及1163年寫成的《神之功業書》(Liber divinorum operum)。在上述兩部作品中,赫德嘉進一步詳細解釋了她的微觀神學與宏觀神學:人乃是上帝所造物中的頂峰,也是反射大千世界之美的一面鏡子。
赫德嘉尚著有《自然界》(Physica)與《病因與療法》(Causae et Curae),兩者對自然史及自然物的療效均有探討,遂被合稱為《自然奇妙百用之書》(Liber subtilatum),這幾本作品較不具赫德嘉的個人特色──也就是說,它們與靈視無關,也與神聖啟示無關,但內容中仍透露出赫德嘉的宗教哲學──人是萬物之靈,萬物為人效力。
赫德嘉的作品有一獨特之處——最早以女性觀點記述性的歡愉。「當女性與男性做愛,她的腦中便似起了火,這火帶來感官之樂,而在動作中享受感官之樂時,便會召喚男性的種子上前。一旦種子落入該落的地方,她腦中的烈火就逐漸熄滅,好能抓牢種子,很快地,女性的性器官便收縮,在月經時打開的外生殖器也關閉,就像一個強壯的男人把某樣物事緊緊把握在拳中。」她又寫道,孩子的性別取決於精子強度,而性情則取決於性交時愛與熱情的強度。據赫爾嘉所言,最糟的狀況,就是衰弱精子加上無感情的父母,那樣便會生出一個彆扭的女兒。






在赫德嘉書寫靈視的作品中,則一貫認為守貞即是最崇高的靈性生活,她的書信與靈視內容裡,一再出現不應耽慾的訊息。在《認識主道》中,她寫:
「上帝使男女相連,是要叫強的配上弱的,好能互補。但那些墮落的姦夫將他們的雄風,變成不正當的弱點,又抗拒合適的男女律則。他們因這般邪惡,成為撒但[註 1]可恥的追隨者,驕傲的撒但就想分化削弱祂。而他們因著邪惡,行下了怪異不宜的姦淫,我看去便覺得敗壞可恥。」
「……一名女子行魔鬼之道,與另一名女子配對,並扮演男子的角色,在我看來是最敗德之事。同樣地,將自己許給這樣女子的另一個女子,也是一樣。……」
「……碰觸自己的生殖器並射出精子的男人,靈魂便陷入嚴重危險,他們激起自己著魔似的性興奮,在我看來就像不純潔的獸類在毀壞自己的後代,因為他們產出精液的動機邪惡,只是一種敗壞褻瀆。……」
「當一個人感到自己受到生理刺激的困擾時,他應以克己節慾做為避難所,緊握純潔守貞之盾,抵抗不潔。」

注釋[編輯]

  1. ^ 查目前比較流行的聖經國語和合本新標點和合本和合本修訂版現代中文譯本,還有比較古老的光緒19年福州美華書局活板文理聖經光緒34年上海大美國聖經會官話串珠聖經宣統3年聖經公會的文理聖經,Satan均譯作「撒但」,不作「撒旦」


*****A look at the fascinating life of Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179), whose dazzling visions Oliver Sacks believed were caused by migraines. From BBC Music Magazine:
圖像裡可能有一或多人

The Life of Hildegard von Bingen

We take you through the extraordinary life of the 12-century nun: her many talents, achievements and visions.

You may think there were many people called Hildegard von Bingen: the one who catalogued the animals, birds, fish, plants, trees and precious metals of her native German Rhineland; the one whose medical theories are still valued by holistic therapists today; the one who invented her own, mysterious language of 900 words, its intention a continuing debate among scholars. 
Perhaps more famous is the writer, theologian and abbess, whose bold, arresting visions – many depicted in illuminated manuscripts – reflected her own fervent beliefs; who founded her own monastery; who stood up to monks, bishops, popes and emperors across Europe, the scourge of a corrupt Church, earning her the name ‘Sibyl of the Rhine’.
Finally, there is Hildegard the musician: one of the first named composers and the woman who concerns us here. We cannot separate these strands of Hildegard’s long and eventful life any more than she could herself.     

In certain respects, her biography is well documented. The facts we know give us vital context to grasp how a barely educated woman could move so relatively freely in the highest echelons of medieval life. However, frustratingly little is known about her musical interests or practice.
Hildegard was born in Alzey in the wine-growing region of Rheinhessen in 1098, though with an almost mystical respect for the harmony of round numbers, she herself recorded the date as 1100. 
Her parents were land owners, middle-ranking, but not grand. Likely to have been the tenth child, she was given as a tithe to the church, either at eight or 14. Immediately, her childhood acquires fascination. The habit of donating a child, a voluntary form of tax, was relatively common, but Hildegard had already proved herself an exception. 
At a young age, and throughout her life, she had visions, believed to be sent from God. These set her apart, in every sense. (In our own time, the British neurologist Oliver Sacks suggested these visions, which were accompanied by severe, debilitating physical symptoms, were akin to migraines.)  
Wrenched from her family, she was enclosed as an anchoress with another well-born, older girl, Countess Jutta von Sponheim – they lived in a cell alongside, but segregated from, monks in the hillside abbey of Disibodenberg. The idea of anchorage was to be ‘buried’ from the world and rise again in immortality through sequestration and prayer. This would be Hildegard’s home, and mode of existence, for more than three decades.
Remote though this existence sounds, political and religious life in 12th-century Europe had a direct impact on Hildegard’s life. It was the time of Crusades, pilgrimage, cathedral building; the era of the grand monasteries of Cluny, religious fervour – and attendant profiteering and abuse of power by clergy. Monastic life, in its timetable of work and prayer, was yoked to the Rule of St Benedict. 
Yet monasteries were also places of learning, and of refuge for travellers and the sick: monks and nuns were secluded from the world, but the world came to them. Women, for a brief period in history, could hold a fair degree of power. (This would diminish by the end of Hildegard’s life, when universities, closed to women, began to flourish.)

Hildegard’s full story, rich in episode and colour, can only be told here in highlights. A turning point was the death of Jutta, who had given her a rudimentary education, perhaps in music as well as Latin. A number of other young women (and their all-too useful dowries) having arrived at the anchorage in the intervening years, Hildegard now succeeded Jutta as abbess. 
By now she was in her 40s, with a growing sense of purpose. She began to write her best-known theological work, Scivias(or Know the Way), assisted by her secretary and friend, the monk Volmar. Moreover she also, according to the Vita Sanctae Hildegardis (Life of St Hildegard) written by two monks during and after her lifetime, began composing music for the first time – for her nuns to sing as part of the Divine Office.
Causing some shock among her colleagues, Hildegard left Disibodenberg and founded her own monastery at Rupertsberg, on the banks of the Rhine, where it meets the river Nahe, at Bingen. Now, as then, one of the Rhine’s busiest junctions, it was a canny choice. She wanted more room and prominence. The wealthy families who gave their daughters to the church wanted greater comfort and physical protection. 
It was the start of a radically different stage of life, in which she travelled throughout Europe, met leading figures of the day, debated, sermonised, wrote hundreds of letters (which have survived, and now exist in a modern edition).

Hildegard von Bingen, because of her celebrity and achievements, her writings and visions and, above all, her music, is remembered. She died in 1179 aged 81, after battles with her health and with the Church, weary of ‘this present life’. When she passed away, two arcs of colour reportedly illuminated the sky as ‘the holy virgin gave her happy soul to God’, a fitting miracle for one who, more than 800 years later, in 2012, would be made a saint.
Her spirit lives on, as fierce, defiant, creative and brilliant as ever.

一些《瞿秋白文集》

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2019年12越重翻書,只多了解一點點。

瞿秋白文集》(8卷4冊)文学编第1卷,第3页。人民文学出版社1985年版。 第一版是繁體字 1953/1954 第2刷
第一冊有些批評胡適、施蟄存(1905 -2003)的文章。保有魯迅編/改的『海上述林』
內的原文。

上海での文学運動[編集]

肺結核を病んだ瞿秋白は上海にて療養する一方で、文芸活動や翻訳に従事し、茅盾魯迅と交流した。秋白と魯迅の間には深い交流があった。2人は1930年代に上海にて左聯文学運動を行い、瞿秋白は胡適ら「新月派」、杜衡ら「第三種人」、胡秋原ら「自由人」、黄震遐ら「民族主義文学」を批判した[12]。魯迅はまた、瞿秋白を何度か自宅に匿っている。瞿秋白も『魯迅雑感選集』を自ら編集して序言を書き、また魯迅に対して「人生得一知己足矣 斯世当以同懐視之」の句を送って恩に応えた[13]。後に瞿秋白が逃亡中に逮捕された際、魯迅は彼を救おうと努めたが果たせず、瞿秋白の処刑後に秋白の遺稿である『海上述林』を編集した[14]


********



2004年9月 :答Bruce和莎士比亞戲劇中的布希

Bruce:今天偷閒看了一下明報月刊,讀到下面的文章。
被作者譽為中國才子的,提到「文人不文」的概念,甚有感慨。文章最精彩的不是文字,而是臨刑前的獨照,真的如作者的描述,宛如一個休憩於亭中的旅人,稍事休息之後還要上路。都說「腹中有書氣自華」,說的是讀書人的氣質,這相片是最好的註解。
許是現實主義的流毒干擾了我,在文字中曾經有些感動,這感動並不久,自己就被務實地說服了。唉!讀書人因言賈禍,並非第一人。有時想想,自己是不是太過於冷血,忘了年輕時也曾有過「大丈夫應如是」的憧憬?

---
HC:Bruce應該還記得約半年前,劉大任在《(台灣)「壹周刊」》的一系列文章,介紹。他的書在台灣也可以買到:
譯文集 上下》(上海譯林,1999);《餓鄉紀程》《赤都心史》《亂彈》《多餘的話》等四書合刊本(岳麓書社,2000)
---
Bruce:後來看到柏楊的鬼詩之後,覺得文人的境界,真的可以從文字看出高下。這些天密集閱讀劉紹銘和董橋的文字,筆鋒隨性,往往讓人讚不絕口。早晨出恭,讀到一段文字董橋討論「」與「文」,說魯迅的文章是「裡有文」,可見文言文是話的基礎。這個通俗簡單的論點,那些個主張不要考作文的蛋頭應該好好想想。
回到柏楊的鬼詩,這老頭子編了一輩子資治通鑑,詞彙竟然如此貧乏,每天暢談人權,不見他怎麼樣修理人權律師陳水扁和民進黨。言行不一,沒事就哭,到處宣揚自己在綠島的經驗,跟作過牢的民進黨沒兩樣。至於寫出來的詩如此不堪,實在是丟人現眼。
---
HC:對於柏楊的評價和欣賞,如同對於李敖般,似應從歷史的角色看。或許你還不知道年紀是很重要的因素。
---
Bruce:董橋曾談及一個翻譯的絕佳範例。江澤民同志私下問一個美國高官,Clinton的總統作得如何?回曰:「He is a fucking good president!」老江的翻譯硬是要得,譯成「他這個總統幹得好!」其中的「幹」字,翻得絕妙,也真是幹得好。
---這例子有趣。或可供Limei 參考。



*****



新编《瞿秋白文集》中有关瞿秋白遗著的收集、整理
和编辑工作,是在中共中央文献研究室指导下进行的。编者已尽可能地收
集和编入了现有的绝大部分瞿秋白遗著,这个文集也是迄今为止,瞿秋白
的著译较为完整地编印出版的版本。《瞿秋白文集》共14卷500多万字,
分为“政治理论编”八卷和“文学编”六卷,分别由人民出版社于1987年3
月和人民文学出版社于1989年1月陆续出版。

政治理论编各卷主要内容是:第一卷收录了1919年7月至1923年2月的著作,主要是五四时期及
旅俄期间的文章;第二卷收录了1923年1月至1924年底的著作,主要是
在中共中央机关刊物上发表的论文;第三、四卷收录了1925年2月至
1927年7月的著作,主要是“五卅”运动前的二月罢工至“三一八”惨案期
间在中共中央机关报刊上发表的文章,以及《唯物论宇宙观概说》、《马克
思主义之概念》两篇哲学论文;第五卷收录了1927年8月至1928年7月
的著作,主要是在中国共产党“八七”会议上的报告及为“六大”起草的政
治决议案等;第六卷收录了1928年7月至1930年4月的著作,主要是在
共产国际会议上所作的报告、发言和写给中共中央的信件,以及《中国革
命和中国共产党》、《中国职工运动的问题》等专著和《中国共产党历史概
论》的手稿;第七卷收录了1930年9月至1934年在中央根据地期间的著
作,主要有为中共六届三中全会作的结论和为三中全会起草的文件,以及
在四中全会的发言、声明书等;第八卷主要收入了作者在哲学、社会科学
方面翻译的部分著作等。


文学编各卷主要内容包括《饿乡纪程》、《赤都心史》、《肖伯纳在上海》、《俄国文学史》、《论文学革命及语言文字同题》等作品;第四至第八卷收录了《列宁论托尔斯泰》、《国际歌》以及《高尔基创作文集》、《高尔基论文选集》、《解放了的堂吉诃德》等翻译作品。《瞿秋白文集》是瞿秋自给全党和全国人民留下的珍贵遗产。

Toni Morrison:The Work You Do, the Person You Are. Commanded classrooms with wit, sensibility and grace.. "Margaret Atwood's 1987 Review of Beloved""The Bluest Eye", "SONG OF SOLOMON" By Toni Morrison ( February 18, 1931 – August 5, 2019 ) _Nobel Lecture. the 58th scholar delivers the Charles Eliot Norton Lectures

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When she was a young girl, Toni Morrison’s father taught her an important lesson about work.
關於這個網站


For more than five decades the late literary figure commanded classrooms with wit, sensibility and grace.






"Margaret Atwood's 1987 Review of Beloved" (via Literary Hub)


belovednovel_classic-review
Freeing yourself was one thing, claiming ownership of that freed self was another.
“…another triumph. Indeed, Ms. Morrison’s versatility and technical and emotional range appear to know no bounds. If there were any doubts about her stature as a pre-eminent American novelist, of her own or any other generation, Beloved will put them to rest. In three words or less, it’s a hair-raiser … Through the different voices and memories of the book, including that of Sethe’s mother, a survivor of the infamous slave-ship crossing, we experience American slavery as it was lived by those who were its objects of exchange, both at its best—which wasn’t very good—and at its worst, which was as bad as can be imagined. Above all, it is seen as one of the most viciously antifamily institutions human beings have ever devised. The slaves are motherless, fatherless, deprived of their mates, their children, their kin. It is a world in which people suddenly vanish and are never seen again, not through accident or covert operation or terrorism, but as a matter of everyday legal policy … Beloved is written in an antiminimalist prose that is by turns rich, graceful, eccentric, rough, lyrical, sinuous, colloquial and very much to the point.”






Toni Morrison - Nobel Lecture - NobelPrize.org

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1993/morrison/lecture/


1993/12/07 - Listen to an audio recording of Toni Morrison's Nobel Lecture. “Once upon a time there was an old woman. Blind but wise.” Or was it an old man? A guru, perhaps. Or a griot soothing restless children. I have heard this story, ...

Toni Morrison - Banquet speech - NobelPrize.org

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1993/morrison/speech/


Toni Morrison's speech at the Nobel Banquet, December 10, 1993. Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen,. I entered this hall pleasantly haunted by those who have entered it before me. That company of Laureates is ...

---她的小說予人最恆久的印象乃是對人性的同情以及對人類的觀照,而且總是富於幽默。
其作品中史詩的力量、對話的精準及詩意盎然地呈現美國黑人世界,格外令人激賞。---1993,瑞典皇家學院,“童妮.摩里森頌辭”(摘錄)。




“We die. That may be the meaning of life. But we do language. That may be the measure of our lives.”

We are profoundly sad to report that Toni Morrison has died at the age of eighty-eight. She died last night at Montefiore Medical Center in New York.

The Bluest Eye, Morrison’s first novel, was published by Holt, Rinehart and Winston in 1970. Morrison followed with Sula in 1973, and nine subsequent novels, all of them published with Alfred A. Knopf.

Morrison’s novels were celebrated and embraced by booksellers, critics, educators, readers, and librarians. Her work also ignited controversy, notably in school districts that tried to ban her books. Few American writers won more awards for their books and writing. Morrison was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1988 for Beloved. In 1993, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, with the Swedish Academy recognizing her as an author “who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality.” In 1996, she was honored with the National Book Foundation’s Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters, and in 2012, President Barack Obama presented her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Morrison also worked as an editor at Random House – the first female African-American editor in company history – from 1967 to 1983. There, she published Gayl Jones, Toni Cade Bambara, Henry Dumas, Huey P. Newton, Muhammad Ali, and Angela Davis, among others. Her work as an editor and publisher at Random House demonstrated a unique commitment to writers of color, and helped in opening industry doors to them.

And for over five decades, Morrison was also a part-time teacher of creative writing and literature, often bringing students together with other writers, at Howard University (from which she graduated in 1953), Yale University, SUNY Purchase, Bard College, Rutgers University, SUNY Albany, and Princeton University, where she retired as Robert F. Goheen Chair in the Humanities in 2006.

Many at Knopf and Random House came to know her as a valued colleague and dear friend.

The Morrison family issued this statement: “It is with profound sadness we share that, following a short illness, our adored mother and grandmother, Toni Morrison, passed away peacefully last night surrounded by family and friends. She was an extremely devoted mother, grandmother, and aunt who reveled in being with her family and friends. The consummate writer who treasured the written word, whether her own, her students or others, she read voraciously and was most at home when writing. Although her passing represents a tremendous loss, we are grateful she had a long, well lived life.

While we would like to thank everyone who knew and loved her, personally or through her work, for their support at this difficult time, we ask for privacy as we mourn this loss to our family. We will share information in the near future about how we will celebrate Toni’s incredible life.”

Robert Gottlieb, Morrison’s longtime editor at Knopf, said: “She was a great woman and a great writer, and I don’t know which I will miss more.”

Sonny Mehta, Chairman of Knopf, said: “Toni Morrison’s working life was spent in the service of literature: writing books, reading books, editing books, teaching books. I can think of few writers in American letters who wrote with more humanity or with more love for language than Toni. Her narratives and mesmerizing prose have made an indelible mark on our culture. Her novels command and demand our attention. They are canonical works, and more importantly, they are books that remain beloved by readers.”

February 18, 1931 – August 5, 2019
(Posted by the author's publisher)












Toni MorrisonHarvard University


Toni Morrison will deliver the Charles Eliot Norton Lectures this spring at Harvard University. The overarching theme of Morrison’s six lectures is “The Origins of Others: The Literature of Belonging.” The first, titled “Romancing Slavery,” is set for March 2. The talks will be held at Sander's Theatre Harvard University.


(Posted by the author's publisher).







Morrison’s first Norton Lecture set for March 2


Toni Morrison will deliver the Charles Eliot Norton Lectures, which will be held throughout March and April at Sanders Theatre. Hosted by the Mahindra Humanities Center, Morrison is the 58th scholar to be given the arts and…


NEWS.HARVARD.EDU






Everyman's Library分享了 Toni Morrison相片




In this celebrated novel, Nobel Prize-winning author Toni Morrisoncreated a new way of rendering the contradictory nuances of black life in America. Its earthy poetic language and striking use of folklore and myth established Morrison as a major voice in contemporary fiction...

Toni Morrison11月28日 7:00· New Milford, CT, United States·


“It sounded old. Deserve. Old and tired and beaten to death. Deserve. Now it seemed to him that he was always saying or thinking that he didn't deserve some bad luck, or some bad treatment from others. He'd told Guitar that he didn't "deserve" his family's dependence, hatred, or whatever. That he didn't even "deserve" to hear all the misery and mutual accusations his parents unloaded on him. Nor did he "deserve" Hagar's vengeance. But why shouldn't his parents tell him their personal problems? If not him, then who? And if a stranger could try to kill him, surely Hagar, who knew him and whom he'd thrown away like a wad of chewing gum after the flavor was gone––she had a right to try to kill him too.


Apparently he though he deserved only to be loved--from a distance, though--and given what he wanted. And in return he would be...what? Pleasant? Generous? Maybe all he was really saying was: I am not responsible for your pain; share your happiness with me but not your unhappiness.”
― from SONG OF SOLOMON

Book:Milkman Dead was born shortly after a neighborhood eccentric hurled himself off a rooftop in a vain attempt at flight. For the rest of his life he, too, will be trying to fly. With this brilliantly imagined novel, Toni Morrison transfigures the coming-of-age story as audaciously as Saul Bellow or Gabriel García Márquez. As she follows Milkman from his rustbelt city to the place of his family’s origins, Morrison introduces an entire cast of strivers and seeresses, liars and assassins, the inhabitants of a fully realized black world. READ an excerpt here: http://knopfdoubleday.com/…/…/song-of-solomon/9780679445043/

(Posted by the author's publisher)









Vintage Books & Anchor Books




"It never occurred to either of us that the earth itself might have been unyielding. We had dropped our seeds in our own little plot of black dirt just as Pecola's father had dropped his seeds in his own plot of black dirt. Our innocence and faith were no more productive than his lust or despair."


--from "The Bluest Eye" By Toni Morrison


"Love is never any better than the lover. ”

“Anger is better. There is a sense of being in anger. A reality and presence. An awareness of worth. It is a lovely surging.”






Pecola Breedlove, a young black girl, prays every day for beauty. Mocked by other children for the dark skin, curly hair, and brown eyes that set her apart, she yearns for normalcy, for the blond hair and blue eyes that she believes will allow her to finally fit in.Yet as her dream grows more fervent, her life slowly starts to disintegrate in the face of adversity and strife. A powerful examination of our obsession with beauty and conformity, Toni Morrison’s virtuosic first novel asks powerful questions about race, class, and gender with the subtlety and grace that have always characterized her writing. READ an excerpt here: http://knopfdoubleday.com/book/117662/the-bluest-eye/

陳樂民1930~2009:《書巢漫筆》1996;《文心文事‧難哉譯事》,《學海岸邊》 (陳樂民,資中筠)

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2019年12月7日 星期六

陳樂民 〈書巢漫筆對於胡適的‧再了解〉 1987









陳樂民 〈對於胡適的再了解〉 1987
圖像裡可能有文字




陳樂民:《文心文事》,北京,三聯,1992/1996
這本書買了,沒讀。二十年過去了,作者早已仙逝。我只細讀過《學海岸邊》 (陳樂民,資中筠合著) ,詳下面的連結。




內容簡介  · · · · · ·

目錄  · · · · · ·

自言自語(代序)
第一編   文心文事
第二編   中西之分
第三編   歐史鉤稽


先讀《文心文事‧難哉譯事》(pp.42~54;原書英文打字錯誤多),很有見解。
網路上有人說陳先生行文"厚道"。




Jojosam  2007-01-22 22:15:31

厚道







****



博客來:查詢關鍵字 陳樂民 資中筠





  • 學海岸邊

    學海岸邊

    簡體書 , 陳樂民資中 , 遼寧教育出版社 , 出版日期: 1995-10-01
    本書文叢包括:《堪隱齋隨筆》、《逝水集》、《伸腳錄》、《書廊信步》、《串味讀書》、《中樓集》、《瀟園隨筆》、《偷閑要緊》、《水流雲在瑣語》、《學海岸邊》。 本書屬於其中的一本。去讀《國際金融》,去讀《... more
  • 陳樂民作品:戴高樂 撒切爾夫人

    陳樂民作品:戴高樂 撒切爾夫人

    簡體書 , 陳樂民 , 生活‧讀書‧新知三聯書店 , 出版日期: 2014-03-01
    》等。 散文、隨筆:《文心文事》、《學海岸邊》(與資中筠合集)、《臨窗碎墨》、《徜徉集》(三種:《在中西之間》、《書巢漫筆》、《過眼小輯》)。 譯作並序:《有關神的存在和性質的對話》(馬勒布朗士著)。 陳樂民(1930—2008),歐洲...... more
  • 20世紀的歐洲 附:「歐洲觀念」的歷史哲學

    20世紀的歐洲 附:「歐洲觀念」的歷史哲學

    簡體書 , 陳樂民 , 生活‧讀書‧新知三聯書店 , 出版日期: 2014-03-01
    年》、《冷眼向洋—百年沉浮啟示錄》(資中筠主編,第二部《歐洲:分與合、衰落與中興》及《后記—全球化與中國》)、《陳樂民集》、《歐洲文明十五講》。散文隨筆主要有:《文心文事》、《學海岸邊》(與資中筠合集)、《臨窗碎墨》。譯作有:《有關神的存在...... more
  • 不盡之思

    不盡之思

    簡體書 , 資中 , 廣西師範大學出版社 , 出版日期: 2011-10-01
    ,自己的恩師劉金定、相濡以沫的丈夫陳樂民,以及自己在印度、越南等國的一些經歷,特殊年代的記憶和在清華園讀書的回憶等。...... more
  • 歐洲文明的十五堂課

    歐洲文明的十五堂課

    中文書 , 陳樂民 , 知識風 , 出版日期: 2007-07-25
    啟示錄》(資中筠主編,第二部《歐洲:分與合、衰落與中興》及《後記——全球化與中國》)、《陳樂民集》、《歐洲文明的十五堂課》...... more
  • 過眼小輯

    過眼小輯

    簡體書 , 陳樂民 , 中國人民大學出版社 , 出版日期: 2007-01-01
    》(資中筠主編,第二部《歐洲︰分與合、衰落與中興》及《後記—全球化與中國》)、《陳樂民集》、《歐洲文明十五講》。 散文隨筆主要有︰《文心文事》、《學海岸邊》(與資中筠合集)、《臨窗碎墨》。 譯作有︰《有關神的存在和性質的對話》(馬勒伯朗士著...... more
  • 讀書人的出世與入世

    讀書人的出世與入世

    簡體書 , 資中 , 中國社會科學出版社 , 出版日期: 2002-02-01
    本書是資中筠先生的一部隨筆作品集,其內容包括有感於中國讀書人的出世與入世、對大學生辯論競賽質疑、一定要「團圓」到皇帝身邊嗎、人格與國格孰先、諾貝爾文學獎有世界意義嗎等等。本書所收作品內容豐富,題材各異,文筆犀利,見解獨創,具有一定的科學性...... more




  • 陳樂民:《中西文化交流中之不平衡與前瞻》

    田家青:明韻/ 明韻ii;清代家具;明清家具鉴赏与研究;和王世襄先生在一起的日子

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    第42頁提及王世襄對他說:「做研究有幾個原則:一,說有容易說無難;二,說晚容易說早難;三,中國如此之大,歷史如此之長,天下能人如此之多,見到什麼都先別太咋呼,在沒有絕對把握和足夠證據的論證之下,別把話說絕,有十分把握說七分……」

    ISBN(13-digit) 978-019-944054-2


    和王世襄先生在一起的日子

    田家青

    香港:牛津大學,2014



    人們稱王世襄先生是「大玩兒家」。作為文物大家王世襄先生得意的唯一入室弟子,作者田家青從遊王世襄先生三十餘年,親其深厚學養和大家風範。作者認為,王世襄最大的貢獻是他在一生中致力於展示、宣傳中國文化核心、精華的精神:格調。這對當今剛剛從物質上富裕起來的社會無疑有著十分重要的引導意義。


    王世襄是一位真正的學者、真正的收藏家和中國文化的實踐者。《和王世襄先生在一起的日子》所記的,皆為第一手材料,文字流暢易讀,京腔韻味濃郁,人物刻劃靈動,幽默筆觸中浸出深厚情意。書中所載三十年來文博收藏界的風雲流散,王世襄夫婦不折不從、雍容達觀的處世境界,以及日常生活點滴中所流露之美學趣味和獨到見解,都讓人印象深刻,回味不已。


    王世襄,中國著名古代家具收藏者,曾擔任北京故宮、國家文物局中國文物研究所研究員,雖經歷十年文革時期,卻在期間保留明代家具八、九十件,其後出版研究以久的《明式傢具研究》。王世襄研究古代家具製成同時,亦為工藝家,將自身對古典家具的喜愛,經細緻的研究並親身手工訂製,技藝精湛,揚名海外。王世襄先生於2009年逝世,享年95歲。


      田家青於少年時期與王師相識,為求教於工藝技術而拜師,是王世襄唯一入堂弟子。王世襄先生在世時,一直企盼能編寫一部中國傳統木器結構和製作工藝的書籍,在此過程中與田家青先生有相當多次的長談,透露出他一生想作、但沒能完成的這一段空白,本書記述田家青所認識的王世襄,並描述生活點滴與王世襄一生對古典家具研究與工藝的堅持與態度。



    作者簡介

    田家青,1953 年出生。多年潛心於古典家具研究,是享譽海內外的專家,其學術著作《清代家具》(香港三聯書店,1995 年中、英文版)是此領域的開創和權威之作。田氏注重理論研究與實踐相結合,自1996 年以來,開創了視家具為藝術品的創作實踐,設計製作具有當今時代風格的傳統家具,出版有《明韻——田家青設計家具作品集》(文物出版社,2006 年版)。




    目錄


    世好妍華,我耽拙樸

    感 懷 1

    拜識 / 登堂入室 / 業餘的專業研究者

    亦師亦友 學術研究 / 相知 期望

    教 誨 41

    激 勵 51

    勞心累神編輯《則例》/ 執著的著述

    無奈的合約 / 惱人的粗劣印刷 / 苦盡甜來

    提 掖 67

    製 新 81

    鑒 賞 109

    品 位 123

    本 色 137

    安 居 145

    天 意 157

    逸 事 167

    說山(一) / 說山(二) / 說山(三)

    「猴兒精猴兒精的」/ 不冤不樂 / 當斷不斷

    「這要我們如何是好」/「他不懂還瞎說」

    「這兒就挺好的」/ 有事兒不怕事兒

    「你站住」/ 「沒給他切了軸」/ 再說板兒爺

    八月十五 / 一個人一塊錢,一個燒餅分兩半

    「吃會」與會吃 / 我不是收藏家

    惜時如金 / 動物都屬「豬」?

    看足球—你又跑這兒玩來啦

    永 訣 229

    致 謝 232





    導讀




      當今,人們稱王世襄先生是「大玩兒家」,而「玩兒」難免使人把它與輕鬆愉快聯繫起來。實際上,在治學、研究中,王先生憑的是一股一絲不苟的「狠勁兒」和「傻勁兒」。此兩詞是楊乃濟先生對王先生的評語。




      「玩兒」難免使人把它與隨心所欲聯繫在一起,事實上,生活中的王先生講究原則,對自我的要求嚴謹至極。




      我認為,王先生最大的貢獻是他在一生中致力於展示、宣傳中國文化最核心、最精華和最本質的精神:格調、品位、和諧。這對當今剛剛從物質上富裕起來的社會無疑有着十分重要的引導意義。在我眼中,王先生是一位真正的學者、真正的收藏家和中國文化的實踐者。




      從看到的各種宣傳介紹以及人們的言談中可以發現,大家對王先生的真正學術成就和貢獻未必十分清楚,也很難想像他所付出的艱辛,三十年前尚未結識他時,我對他的認識與當前人們對他的認識大致相似。當時業界對他的印象有點像現今社會對他的普遍印象:會玩兒、有天份、眼力好、神,可又都說不太清楚他在學術上到底高在哪裏。所以當年我在第一次去見王先生時,還抱着「會一會」的心態。




      與王先生一交談,令人折服。業界評判一個人的真實水平是術語的應用,交談中,我發現他對這些行話、術語不僅很熟,尤其用詞之間的搭配準確,儼如碩果僅存的老木匠,遠高於工匠的是他能講出許多術語在歷史上是何時和如何出現的,以及與其他相鄰領域之間術語的對應關係,哪些是原創的,哪些是借用的,哪些又是在歷史某一時期被誤傳,寫成錯字,最終以訛傳訛,錯成事實。這等功夫絕對是「玩兒」不出來的!這不僅要具有工匠一樣豐富的實踐經驗,還要有對古建、園林、大木作、小器作的工藝和技法的深刻理解以及豐富的歷史和人文知識,更需極深厚的古文獻和文字學功底。




      後來,這些本由匠人們世代口傳身授,沿襲至今的支離破碎瀕臨失傳的術語,終被王先生以科學嚴謹的方法劃時代地整理並創立了名詞術語體系,計千餘條。(二十世紀九十年代,這套體系又譯成了英文。)中國古代家具終於有了統一的語言和標準,能永遠地流存下去了。面對這套體系中滿篇如勒水、梟混、地栿等怪僻的詞,不熟悉的字,一般人可能不以為然,而這項成就和貢獻是歷史性的更是世界性的!如果沒有這項工作,在當今現代化的快速進程中,古代賢匠累積千年的術語精華,很可能會在這一代消失。其貢獻,多高的評價都不為過!




      王先生早年從事中國古代繪畫研究,同時涉獵漆器、雕塑、竹刻諸藝,其見識、修養、品位及感悟力是常人難以企及的。最珍貴的是他把這些學問綜合起來研究,總結出了從很高層次對藝術品評價、鑒賞的方法。




      王先生的收藏涉及古琴、漆器、家具、造像等諸多門類,多著錄於《自珍集》等著作,出版至今未發生真偽之議,可見其鑒賞水平。「望氣」是文物鑒定的最高階段,常人難以企及。




      交往日久,看到了王先生的艱辛付出。黃苗子先生曾在一篇文章中講:「一九五八年,暢安(王世襄號)慷慨地讓我搬進芳嘉園他家院子的東屋『結孟氏之芳鄰』,確是平生一快。論歷代書畫著述和參考書,他比我多,論書畫著作的鑽研,他比我深。論探索學問的廣度,他遠勝於我,論刻苦用功,他也在我之上。那時我一般早上五點就起床讀書寫字,但四點多,暢安書房的枱燈就已透出亮光來了。」學術的成果要靠出版來體現,對於出書他更有一股和自己過不去的精神:每本書內容必須新,觀點需明確、考據要翔實、出處要準確、注釋要詳盡、文字要簡練,招招式式都是唯美境界。讀者們說先生寫的書好看,那是時間和功夫堆積起來的。他曾多次說過,在生活中他不愛吃「炒冷飯」,出版著作也最怕重複,不應給讀者「炒冷飯」。




      「研究古代藝術品,想有所成就,需實物考察、文獻調研和工藝技法三方面相結合,缺一不可。」他是這麼說的,也是這麼做的。細想起來,這需要文武全才,談何容易。文博領域有三類專項人士:第一類,嫺熟歷史文獻、懂理論的學者;第二類,長於器物鑒賞,金錢的力量造就了火眼金睛的文物從業人員;第三類,動手動心的實踐積累了豐富經驗的工匠。三類人士各有優勢和欠缺,往往還會相互看不起。王先生既是學術領域備受推崇的學者、學界領頭人,又是業界公認的權威,還能被工匠稱為「行家」。這才稱得上真正的學者。




      王先生一生最注重的,是做實事。從生活中的一個細微的習慣動作可以見微知着。這麼多年來,海內外的朋友們請王先生吃飯,常去比較講究的酒店,生性簡樸的王先生其實並不喜歡。但他不愛駁人面子,也不多說什麼。時間長了我慢慢察覺了他的一個有意思的動作:每一道菜上來,他會完全下意識地先拿筷子把菜裏邊放的虛的東西,如刻的蘿蔔花、雕的仙鶴、搭的小橋、放的花瓣,挑出去——我看得出來,他並不是真的刻意想做這件事,生活中他本是一位十分能容忍的人,這個動作完全是出於對形式主義潛在厭惡的本能。




      原因在於,王先生奉行的原則是幹實事,不務虛。恰似明式家具,不設非功能的裝飾部件。好的明式家具,拆不走一個部件,一拆它就塌了,就散了。換言之就是沒有純為裝飾而設置的部件,不刻意裝飾卻能做到最佳的裝飾效果,這才是真本事。依此理念,做飯的人應把心思放在如何做得好吃、有利於健康且衛生,而不是雕蘿蔔花給人看,蘿蔔花雕得再好,吃不衛生,不吃浪費,色、香、味的色應是天生自有,不假外力。多年來,我們的社會越來越愛講形式,重宣傳、包裝、依賴炒作,一些行業、一些活動,本來與文化無關,卻拿「文化」說事,冠上「文化」頭銜似乎就有文化了,對此,王先生曾笑稱「這叫缺什麼補什麼」。




      王先生一生研究古代家具,他一直想設計打造一件融入自己思想的家具,一九九五年得到了兩塊花梨大板,他約我與他一同設計打造了一件大畫案。首先經多次核計、量材,務使兩塊木料能得到最大限度的合理利用,同時要讓大案有時代感和藝術性,結構考究,無釘無膠。當時,打造此案的場地在北郊,王先生曾多次前往,一同切磋。打造傳統家具,施工並不完全依賴圖紙,是一個再創造的完善過程,如腿足的側腳,各種弧度等都是「跟着感覺走」,邊造邊試邊確定。大案製成後,正值王先生將要從平房搬到六層的公寓,獨板案面長近三米,重近半噸,他一直擔心搬上公寓樓有問題。最後,在我和王先生的加油打氣加指揮下,幾位小伙子愣是順樓梯給搬上去了。




      第二天,師母告訴我,他搬完大案回芳嘉園小院時天已黑了,一進院門,就跟孩子似的喊:「我回來了啦!大案子上去啦!」別提有多高興了。




      大案一直在王先生的書房中陪着他著書立說,揮毫潑墨,《錦灰堆》、《自珍集》等廣大讀者喜愛的著作都是他在此案寫就的。王先生也告訴朋友們,這張大畫案是他最喜愛的一件器物,他特作了一篇案銘,請榮寶齋的傅稼生先生鐫刻於牙子的正面,其中「世好妍華,我耽拙樸」言簡意賅地表述了王先生的審美觀。




      中國文化孕育出的藝術,追求的是格調和品位,反映到器物上就表現為和諧和文人氣質。此案當為一例,其通體無一處刻意裝飾,既有宋元的神,亦富時代感,其內涵令人回味無窮。




      勤儉節約、善待自然貫穿了王先生的一生,我早年和他一起去香港參加會議,他都買回成包的圓珠筆芯。他寫文章時,將兩頁稿紙摞起,中間放拓藍紙,完成後上頁交出版社,下頁留底兒,省去複印。圓珠筆可用勁兒寫,拓得清楚,且一支筆換芯用最節省。若用毛筆,用墨汁寫完後一定要倒回剩餘的墨汁,儘管殘存的很少。




      王先生的大案製成後,所剩下的刨花、鋸末亦未浪費。作為燃料,放入挖好的乾燥地窖點燃烘烤下一批家具木料。傳統的木材乾燥窯窯口蓋蓆,通過調整進氣口的大小適度進氣,刨花、鋸末會慢慢自燃,不冒煙。一個多月後,燒盡了,木料也烘乾了,所剩的灰亦有用,起出後撒在地裏,不僅是好肥,且滋養了土壤。如若人們都能以這種思維方式生活和工作,何嘗會為氣候變暖、環境污染而搓手着急呢?




      去年十一月二十八日,王先生剛一過世,即有報社約稿,說要搶在第一時間發表,我拒絕了。我深知王先生很討厭的當今「十弊」(時弊)之一就是搶風頭,而且對於「應景兒」的急就章(「應景兒」和「急就章」是王先生真實用語)是嗤之以鼻。王先生逝世後第二天,見到某報有文章說,王先生是吃着豬頭肉、喝着二鍋頭與工匠一起研討家具。熟悉王世襄先生的朋友都知道,王先生滴酒不沾。與工匠交流時主要喝茶,若趕上飯口,吃的是好吃不貴有益健康的家常飯菜。所謂「君子之交淡如水」。身懷絕技的老匠師的道和德絕非杜撰者想像得出來的,他們都是極講老理兒的老北京人,做派莊重、謙和、含而不露。我寫這篇文章不僅想將王世襄先生一些真實的東西轉述給廣大的讀者,更重要的是傳遞他閃光的思想,如對社會有所用處,這便是最好的懷念。


      此文為紀念王世襄先生逝世一周年而作,曾在二○一○年十二月發表於《北京青年報》,此次有刪節。

    二○一○年十一月二十八日















    明韻ii : 設計具作品集 / 

    , 1953-  2019
    6開 370*330 mm


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    明韻 : 設計具作品集 / 

    , 1953-
    2006.




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    明清具鉴赏与研究 / 

    , 1953-
    2003.




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    和王世襄先生在一起的日子 / 

    , 1953-
    2014.




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    清代具 : 修訂本 / 编著

    , 1953-
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    2019.8.13  田家青:明韻/ 明韻ii;清代家具;明清家具鉴赏与研究;和王世襄先生在一起的日子

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    盛世雅集 : 二〇〇八年中國古典具精品展.北京 / 主编

    盛世雅集-中國古典具精品展 (2008 : 北京市) )
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