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王夫之《薑齋絕句》;目力既有窮,生平不久稽。茍守規中見,安能無笑啼。

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 王夫之《薑齋絕句》中找不到"目力既有窮,生平不久稽。茍守規中見,安能無笑啼。"
2013年5月12日下午6:03還沒讀過他的著作. 何妨引用過去的一轉引:
王船山說: 「自非聖崛起﹐以至仁大義立千年之人極﹐何足以制其狂流哉?」
1980年代起,全世界在品質、科技、社會等領域上的革新,盛況類似「拔地雷聲驚筍夢,彌天雨色養花神。」---[4] 王船山,轉引自熊十力《新唯識論,卷中,第6章》,台北:廣文出版社,頁75。
目力既有窮,生平不久稽。茍守規中見,安能無笑啼。
.....王夫之《薑齋絕句》



然而知道維基文庫有此書:維基文庫,自由的圖書館
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薑齋詩話
作者:王夫之 清

    卷上[編輯]

    王仲淹氏之續經,見廢於先儒,舊矣。繼而僭者,《七制》之詔策也。仲淹不任刪 ;《七制》之主臣,尤不足述也。《春秋》者,衰世之事,聖人之刑書也。平、桓 之天子,齊、晉之諸侯,荊、吳、徐、越之僭偽,其視六代、十六國相去無幾;事 不必廢也,而詩亦如之。衛宣、陳靈下逮乎溱洧之士女,葛屨之公子,亦奚必賢於 曹、劉、沈、謝乎?仲淹之刪,非聖人之刪也,而何損於采風之旨邪?故漢、魏以 還之比興,可上通於《風》、《雅》;檜、曹而上之條理,可近譯以三唐。元韻之 機,兆在人心,流連泆宕,一出一入,均此情之哀樂,必永於言者也。故藝苑之士 ,不原本於《三百篇》之律度,則為刻木之桃李;釋經之儒,不證合於漢、魏、唐 、宋之正變,抑為株守之兔罝。陶冶性情,別有風旨。
    不可以典冊、簡牘、訓詁之學與焉也。隋舉兩端,可通三隅。
    〔詩可以興,可以觀,可以群,可以怨。〕盡矣。辨漢、魏、唐、宋之雅俗得失以 此,讀《三百篇》者必此也。〔可以〕雲者,隋所以而皆可也。於所興而可觀,其 興也深;於所觀而可興,其觀也審。以其群者而怨,怨愈不忘;以其怨者而群,群 乃益摯。出於四情之外,以生起四情;遊於四情之中,情無所窒。作者用一致之思 ,讀者各以其情而自得。故《關雎》,興也;康王晏朝。
    而即為冰鑒。〔訏謨定命,遠猷辰告。〕觀也;謝安欣賞,而增其遐心。人情之遊 也無涯,而各以其情遇,斯所貴於有詩。是幫延年不如康樂,而宋、唐之所繇升降 也。謝疊山、虞道園之說詩,並畫而根掘之,惡足知此?
    〔采采芣苡〕,意在言先,亦在言後,從容涵泳,自然生其氣象。即五言中,《十 九首》猶有得此意者。陶令差能彷彿,下此絕矣。〔採菊東籬下,悠然見南山〕, 〔眾鳥欣有託,吾亦愛吾廬〕,非韋應物〔兵衛森畫戟,燕寢凝清香〕所得而問津 也。
    〔昔我往矣,楊柳依依;今我來思,雨雪霏霏。〕以樂景寫哀,以哀景寫樂,一倍 增其哀樂。知此,則〔影靜千官裡,心蘇七校前〕,與〔唯有終南山色在,晴明依 舊滿長安〕,情之深淺宏隘見矣。況孟郊之乍笑而心迷,香啼而魂喪者乎?
    唐人《少年行》云:〔白馬金鞍從武皇,旌旗十萬獵長楊。樓頭少婦鳴箏坐,遙見 飛塵入建章。〕想知少婦遙望之情,以自矜得意,此善於取影者也。〔春日遲遲, 卉木萋萋;倉庚喈喈,採蘩祁祁。執訊獲丑,薄言還歸;赫赫南仲,獫狁於夷。〕 其妙正在此。訓詁家不能領悟,謂婦方採蘩而見歸師,旨趣索然矣。建旌旗,舉矛 戟,車馬喧闐,凱樂競奏之下,倉庚何能不驚飛,而尚聞其喈喈?六師在道,雖曰 勿擾,採蘩之婦,亦何事暴面於三軍之側耶?征人歸矣,度其婦方採蘩,而聞歸師 之凱旋。故遲遲之日,萋萋之草,鳥鳴之和,皆為助喜。而南仲之功,震於閨閣, 家室之欣幸,遙想其然,而征人之意得可知矣。乃以此而稱南仲,又影中取影,曲 盡人情之極至也。
    始而欲得其歡,已而稱頌之,終乃有所求焉,細人必出於此。《鹿鳴》之一章曰: 〔示我周行。〕二章曰:〔示民不佻,君子是則是效。〕三章曰:〔以燕樂嘉賓之 心。〕異於彼矣。此之謂大音希聲。希聲,不如其始之勤勤也。杜子美之於韋左丞 ,亦嘗知此乎!
    〔庭燎有輝〕,鄉晨之景,莫妙於此。晨色漸明,赤光雜煙而靉靆,但以〔有輝〕 二字寫之。唐人《除夕》詩〔殿庭銀燭上熏天〕之句,寫除夕之景,與此彷彿,而 簡至不逮遠矣。〔花迎劍佩〕四字,差為曉色朦朧傳神;而又雲〔星初落〕,則痕 跡露盡。益歎《三百篇》之不可及也!
    蘇子瞻謂〔桑之未落,其葉沃若〕,體物之工,非〔沃若〕不足以言桑,非桑不足 以當〔沃若〕,固也。然得物態,未得物理。〔桃之夭夭,其葉蓁蓁〕,〔灼灼其 華〕,〔有蕡其實〕,乃窮物理。夭夭者,桃之稚者也。桃至拱把以上,則液流稚 結,花不榮,葉不盛,實不蕃。小樹弱枝,婀娜妍茂為有加耳。
    〔子之不淑,雲如之何〕,〔胡然我念之,亦可懷也〕,皆意藏篇中。杜子美〔故 國平居有所思〕,上下七首,於此維繫,其源出此。俗筆必於篇終結鎖,不然則迎 頭便喝。
    句絕而語不絕,韻變而意不變,此詩家必不容昧之幾。〔天命玄鳥,降而生商。〕 降者,玄鳥降也,句可絕而語未終也。〔薄污我私,薄浣我衣。害浣害否?歸寧父 母。〕意相承而韻移也。盡古今作者,未有不率繇乎此。不然,氣絕神散,如斷蛇 剖瓜矣。近有吳中顧夢麟者,以帖括塾師之識說詩,遇轉則割裂,別立一意。不以 詩解詩,而以學究之陋解詩,令古人雅度微言,不相比附。陋子學詩,其弊必至於 此。
    知〔池塘生春草〕、〔蝴蝶飛南園〕之妙,則知〔楊柳依依〕、〔零雨其濛〕之聖 於詩;司空表聖所謂〔規以象外,得之園中〕者也。
    〔賜名大國虢與秦〕,與〔美孟姜矣〕、〔美孟弋矣〕、〔美孟庸矣〕一轍,古有 不諱之言也,乃《國風》之怨而誹,直而絞者也。夫子存而弗刪,以見衛之政散民 離,人誣其上;而子美以得〔詩史〕之譽。夫詩之不可以史為,若口與目之不相為 代也,久矣。《魯頌》,魯風也;《商頌》,宋風也:以其用天子之禮樂,故仍其 名曰〔頌〕。其郊禘之升歌也,乃文之無慚,侈心形焉。〔鼓咽咽,醉言歸,於胥 樂兮。〕與《鐃吹》、《白紵》同其管急弦繁之度,雜霸之風也。鮑昭、李白、曹 鄴以之。
    〔女也不爽,士貳其行;士也罔極,二三其德。〕語似排偶,而下三語與上一語相 匹。李白〔劍閣重開蜀北門,上皇車馬若雲屯。少帝長安開紫極,雙懸日月照乾坤 。〕竊取此法而逆用之。蓋從無截然四方八段之風雅也。
    謝靈運一意迴旋往復,以盡思理,吟之使人卞躁之意消。《小宛》抑不僅此,情相 若,理尤居勝也。王敬美謂:〔詩有妙悟,非關理也。〕非理抑將何悟?
    用復字者,亦形容之意,〔河水洋洋〕一章是也。〔青青河畔草,鬱鬱園中柳〕, 顧用之以駘宕。善學詩者,何必有所規畫以取材?
    興在有意無意之間,比亦不容雕刻;關情者景,自與情相為珀芥也。情景雖有在心 在物之分,而景生情,情生景,哀樂之觸,榮悴之迎,互藏其宅。天情物理,可哀 而可樂,用之無窮,流而不滯,窮且滯者不知爾。〔吳楚東南坼,乾坤日夜浮。〕 乍讀之若雄豪,然而適與〔親朋無一字,老病有孤舟〕相為融浹。當知〔倬彼雲漢 〕,頌作人者增其輝光,憂旱甚者益其炎赫,無適而無不適也。唐末人不能及此, 為〔玉合底蓋〕之說,孟郊、溫庭筠分為二壘。天與物其能為爾鬮分乎?

    卷下[編輯]

    興、觀、群、怨,詩盡於是矣。經生家析《鹿鳴》、《嘉魚》為群,《柏舟》、《 小弁》為怨,小人一往之喜怒耳,何足以言詩?〔可以〕雲者,隨所以而皆可也。 《詩三百篇》而下,唯《十九首》能然。李杜亦彷彿遇之,然其能俾人隨觸而皆可 ,亦不數數也。又下或一可焉,或無一可者。故許渾允為惡詩,王僧孺、庾肩吾及 宋人皆爾。
    無論詩歌與長行文字,俱以意為主。意猶帥也。無帥之兵,謂之烏合。李、杜所以 稱大家者,無意之詩,十不得一二也。煙雲泉石,花鳥苔林,金鋪錦帳,寓意則靈 。若齊、梁綺語,宋人摶合成句之出處,役心向彼掇索,而不恤己情之所處發,此 之謂小家數,總在圈繢中求活計也。
    把定一題、一人、一事、一物,於其上求形模,求比似,求詞采,求故實;如鈍斧 子劈櫟柞,皮屑紛霏,何嘗動得一絲紋理?以意為主,勢次之。勢者,意中之神理 也。唯謝康樂為能取勢,宛轉屈伸,以求盡其意,意已盡則止,殆無剩語;夭矯連 蜷,煙雲繚繞,乃真龍,非畫龍也。
    〔池塘生春草〕、〔蝴蝶飛南園〕、〔明月照積雪〕皆心中目中與相融浹,一出語 時,即得珠圓玉潤;要亦各視其所懷來,則與景相迎者也。〔日暮天無雲,春風散 微和〕,想見陶令當時胸次,豈來雜鉛汞人能作此語?程子謂見濂溪一月,坐春風 中。非程子不能知濂溪如此,非陶令不能自知如此也。
    〔僧敲月下門〕只是妄想揣摩,如說他人夢,縱令形容酷似,何嘗毫髮關心?知然 者,以其沉吟〔推敲〕二字,就他作想也。若即景會心,則或〔推〕或〔敲〕,必 居其一,因景因情,自然靈妙,何勞擬議哉?〔長河落日圓〕,初無定景;〔隔水 問樵夫〕,初非想得。則禪家所謂〔現量〕也。
    詩文俱有主賓。無主之賓,謂之烏合。俗論以此為賓,以賦為主,皆塾師賺童子死 法耳。立一主以待賓,賓非無主之賓者,乃俱有情而相浹洽。若夫〔秋風吹渭水, 落葉滿長安〕,於賈島何與?〔湘潭雲盡暮煙出,巴蜀雪消春水來〕,於許渾奚涉 ?皆烏合也。〔影靜千官裡,心蘇七校前〕,得主矣,尚有痕跡。〔花迎劍佩星初 落〕,則賓主歷然鎔合一片。
    身之所歷,目之所見,是鐵門限。即極寫大景,如:〔陰晴眾壑殊〕、〔乾坤日夜 浮〕,亦必不逾此限。非按輿地圖便可雲〔平野入青徐〕也,抑登樓所得見者耳。 隔垣聽演雜劇,可聞其歌,不見其舞,更遠則但聞鼓聲,而可雲所演何出乎?前有 齊、梁,後有晚唐及宋人,皆欺心以炫巧。
    一詩止於一時一事,自《十九首》至陶、謝皆然。〔夔府孤城落日斜〕,繼以〔月 映荻花〕,亦自日斜至月出,詩乃成耳。若杜陵長篇,有曆數月日事者,合為一章 ,《大雅》有此體。後唯《焦仲卿》、《木蘭》二詩為然。要以從旁追敘,非言情 之章也。為歌行則合,五言固不宜爾。
    古詩無定體,似可任筆為之,不知自有天然不可越之矩矱。故李於鱗謂:唐無五古 詩,言亦近是;無即不無,但百不得一二而已。所謂矩矱者,意不枝,詞不蕩,曲 折而無痕,戌削而不競之謂。若於鱗所云無古詩,又唯無其形埒字句與其粗豪之氣 耳。不爾,則〔子房未虎嘯〕及《玉華宮》二詩,乃李、杜集中霸氣滅盡,和平溫 厚之意者,何以獨入其選中?
    古詩及歌行換韻者,必須韻意不變轉。自《三百篇》以至庾、鮑七言,皆不待鉤鎖 ,自然蟬連不絕。此法可通於時文,使股法相承,股中換氣。近有顧夢鱗者,作《 詩經塾講》,以轉韻立界限,劃斷意旨。劣經生桎梏古人,可惡孰甚焉!晉《清商 》、《三洲》曲及唐人所作,有長篇拆開可作數絕句者,皆●蟲相續成一青蛇之陋 習也。
    以神理相取,在遠近之間,才著手便煞,一放手又飄忽去,如〔物在人亡無見期〕 ,捉煞了也。如宋人《詠河魨》云:〔春洲生荻芽,春岸飛楊花。〕饒他有理,終 是於河魨沒交涉。〔青青河畔草〕與〔綿綿思遠道〕,何以相因依,相含吐?神理 湊合時,自然恰得。
    太白胸中浩渺之致,漢人皆有之,特以微言點出,包舉自宏。太白樂府歌行,則傾 囊而出耳。如射者引弓極滿,或即發矢,或遲審久之,能忍不能忍,其力之大小可 知已。要至於太白止矣。一失而為白樂天,本無浩渺之才,如決池水,旋踵而涸。 再失而為蘇子瞻,萎花敗葉,隨流而漾,胸次侷促,亂節狂興,所必然也。
    〔海暗三山雨〕接〔此鄉多寶玉〕不得。迤邐說到〔花明五嶺春〕,然後彼句可來 ,又豈嘗無法哉?非皎然、高柄之法耳。若果足為法,烏容破之?非法之法,則破 之不盡,終不得法。詩之有皎然、虞伯生,經義之有茅鹿門、湯賓尹、袁了凡,皆 畫地成牢以陷人者,有死法也。死法之立,總緣識量狹小。如演雜劇,在方丈台上 ,故有花樣步位,稍移一步則錯亂。若馳騁康莊,取塗千里,而用此步法,雖至愚 者不為也。
    情、景名為二,而實不可離。神於詩者,妙合無垠。巧者則有情中景,景中情。景 中情者,如〔長安一片月〕,自然是孤棲憶遠之情;〔影靜千官裡〕,自然是喜達 行在之情。情中景尤難曲寫,如〔詩成珠玉在揮毫〕,寫出才人翰墨淋漓、自心欣 賞之景。凡此類,知者遇之;非然,亦鶻突看過,作等閒語耳。
    〔更喜年芳入睿才〕與〔詩成珠玉在揮毫〕,可稱雙絕。不知者以〔入〕字〔在〕 字為用字之七,不知渠自順手湊著。
    〔欲投人處宿,隔水問樵夫。〕則山之遼廓荒遠可知,與上六句初無異致,且得賓 主分明,非獨頭意識懸相描摹也。〔親朋無一字,老病有孤舟。〕自然是登岳陽樓 詩。嘗試設身作杜陵,憑軒遠望觀,則心目中二語居然出現,此亦情中景也。孟浩 然以〔舟楫〕、〔垂釣〕鉤鎖合題,卻自全無干涉。
    近體中二聯,一情一景,一法也。〔雲霞出海曙,梅柳渡江春。淑氣催黃鳥,晴光 轉綠蘋。〕〔雲飛北闕輕陰散,雨歇南山積翠來。御柳已爭梅信發,林花不待曉風 開。〕皆景也,何者為情?若四句俱情而無景語者,尤不可勝數,其得謂之非法乎 ?夫景以情合,情以景生,初不相離,唯意所適。截分兩橛,則情不足與,而景非 其景。且如〔九月寒砧催木葉〕,二句之中,情景作對;〔片石孤雲窺色相〕四句 ,情景雙收:更從何處分析?陋人標陋格,乃謂〔吳楚東南坼〕四句,上景下情, 為律詩憲典,不顧杜陵九原大笑。愚不可瘳,亦孰與療之?
    起承轉收,一法也。試取初盛唐律驗之,誰必株守此法者?法莫要於成章;立此四 法,則不成章矣。且道〔盧家少婦〕一詩作何解?是何章法?又如〔火樹銀花合〕 ,渾然一氣;〔亦知戍不返〕,曲折無端。其他或平鋪六句,以二語括之;或六七 句意已無餘,末句用飛白法颺開,義趣超遠:起不必起,收不必收,乃使生氣靈通 ,成章而達。至若〔故國平居有所思〕,〔有所〕二字,虛籠喝起,以下曲江蓬萊 、昆明、紫閣,皆所思者,此自《大雅》來;謝客五言長篇用為章法;杜更藏鋒不 露,摶合無垠:何起何收,何承何轉?陋人之法,烏足展騏驥之足哉?近世唯楊用 修辨之甚悉。用修工於用法,唯其能破陋人之法也。
    起承轉收以論詩,用教幕客作應酬或可;其或可者,八句自為一首尾也。塾師乃以 此作經義法,一篇之中,四起四收,非●蟲相銜成青竹蛇而何?兩間萬物之生,無 有尻下出頭,枝末生根之理。不謂之不通,其可得乎?
    《樂記》云:〔凡音之起,從人心生也。〕固當以穆耳協心為音律之準。〔一三五 不論,二四六分明〕之說,不可恃為典要。〔昔聞洞庭水〕,〔聞〕、〔庭〕二字 俱平,正爾振起。若〔今上岳陽樓〕易第三字為平聲,雲〔今上巴陵樓〕,則語蹇 而戾於聽矣。〔八月湖水平〕,〔月〕、〔水〕二字皆仄,自可;若〔涵虛混太清 〕易作〔混虛涵太清〕,為泥聲土鼓而已。又如〔太清上初日〕,音律自可;若雲 〔太清初上日〕,以求合於粘,則情文索然,不復能成佳句。又如楊用修警句云: 〔誰起東山謝安石,為君談笑淨烽煙?〕若謂〔安〕字失粘,更雲〔誰起東山謝太 傳〕,拖沓便不成響。足見凡言法者,皆非法也。釋氏有言:〔法尚應捨,何況非 法?〕藝文家知此,思過半矣。
    作詩亦須識字。如思、應、教、令、吹、燒之類,有平仄二聲,音別則義亦異。若 粘與押韻,於此鶻突,則荒謬止堪嗤笑。唐人不尋出處,不誇字學,而犯此者百無 一二。宋人以博核見長,偏於此多誤。杜陵以酇侯〔酇〕字作〔才何切〕,平聲粘 ,緣《史》、《漢》注自有兩說,非不識字也。至廉頗音〔婆〕,相如音〔湘〕, 則考據精切矣。蘇子瞻不知《軒轅彌明詩序》〔長頭高結〕,〔結〕字作〔潔〕音 ,稚子之所恥為,而孟浪若此!近見有和人韻者,以〔葑菲〕字音押,雖不足道, 亦可為不學人永鑒。
    唯孟浩然〔氣蒸雲夢澤〕,不知〔雲土夢作乂〕,〔夢〕本音蒙。〔青陽逼歲除〕 不知〔日月其除〕,〔除〕本音住。浩然山人之雄長,時有秀句;而輕飄短味,不 得與高、岑、王、儲齒。近世文征仲輕秀與相頡頏,而思緻密贍,駸駸欲度其前。
    王子敬作一筆草書,遂欲跨右軍而上。字各有形埒,不相因仍,尚以一筆為妙境, 何況詩文本相承遞耶?一時、一事、一意,約之止一兩句;長言永歎,以寫纏綿悱 惻之情,詩本教也。《十九首》及〔上山採蘼蕪〕等篇,止以一筆入聖證。自潘岳 以凌雜之心,作蕪亂之調,而後元聲幾熄。唐以後間有能此者,多得之絕句耳。一 意中但取一句,〔松下問童子〕是已。如〔怪來妝閣閉〕,又止半句,愈入化境。 近世郭奎〔多病文園渴未消〕一絕,彷彿得之。劉伯溫、楊用修、湯易仍、徐文長 有純淨者,亦無歇筆。至若晚唐餖湊,宋人支離,俱令生氣頓絕。〔承恩不在貌, 教妾若為容。風暖鳥聲碎,日高花影重。〕醫家名為關格,死不治。
    不能作景語,又何能作情語耶?古人絕唱句多景語,如〔高台多悲風〕、〔蝴蝶飛 南園〕、〔池塘生春草〕、〔亭皋木葉下〕、〔芙蓉露下落〕,皆是也,而情寓其 中矣。以寫景之心理言情,則身心中獨喻之微,輕安拈出。謝太傳於《毛詩》取〔 訏謨定命,遠猷辰告〕,以此八句如一串珠,將大臣經營國事之心曲,寫出次第, 故與〔昔我往矣,楊柳依依;今我來思,雨雪霏霏〕同一達情之妙。
    有大景,有小景,有大景中小景。〔柳葉開時任好風〕、〔花覆千官淑景移〕及〔 風正一帆懸〕、〔青靄入看無〕,皆以小景傳大景之神。若〔江流天地外,山色有 無中〕、〔江山如有待,花柳更無私〕,張皇使大,反令落拓不親。宋人所喜,偏 在此而不在彼。近唯文征仲《齋宿》等詩,能解此妙。
    情語能以轉折為含蓄者,唯杜陵居勝,〔清渭無情極,愁時獨向東〕、〔柔櫓輕鷗 外,含淒覺汝賢〕之類是也。此又與〔忽聞歌古調,歸思欲沾巾〕更進一格,益使 風力遒上。
    含情而能達,會景而生心,體物而得神,則自有靈通之句,參化工之妙。若但於句 求巧,則性情先為外蕩,生意索然矣。〔松陵體〕永墮小乘者,以無句不巧也。然 皮、陸二子,差有興會,猶堪諷詠。若韓退之以險韻、奇字、古句、方言矜其餖輳 之巧,巧誠巧矣,而於心情興會,一無所涉,適可為酒令而已。黃魯直、米元章益 墮此障中。近則王謔庵承其下游,不恤才情,別尋蹊徑,良可惜也。
    對偶有極巧者,亦是偶然湊手,如〔金吾〕、〔玉漏〕、〔尋常〕、〔七十〕之類 ,初不以此礙於理趣,求巧則適足取笑而已。賈島詩:〔高人燒藥罷,下馬此林間 。〕以〔下馬〕對〔高人〕,噫!是何言與!
    一解弈者,以誨人弈為遊資。後遇一高手,與對弈,至十數子,輒揶揄之曰:〔此 教師棋耳!〕詩文立門庭,使人學己,人一學即似者,自詡為〔大家〕,為〔才子 〕,亦藝苑教師而已。高廷禮、李獻吉、何大復、李於鱗、王元美、鍾伯敬、譚友 夏,所尚異科,其歸一也。才立一門庭,則但有其局格,更無性情,更無興會,更 無思致;自縛縛人,誰為之解者?昭代風雅,自不屬此數公。若劉伯溫之思理,高 季迪之韻度,劉彥昺之高華,貝廷琚之俊逸,湯義仍之靈警,絕壁孤騫,無可攀躡 ,人固望洋而返;而後以其亭亭嶽嶽之風神,與古人相輝映。次則孫仲衍之暢適, 周履道之蕭清,徐昌穀之密贍,高子業之戌削,李賓之之流麗,徐文長之豪邁,各 擅勝場,沉酣自得;正以不懸牌開肆,充風雅牙行,要使光焰熊熊,莫能掩抑,豈 與碌碌餘子爭市易之場哉?李文饒有云:〔好驢馬不逐隊行。〕立門庭與依傍門庭 者,皆逐隊者也。
    建立門庭,自建安始。曹子建鋪排整飾,立階級以賺人升堂,用此致諸趨赴之客, 容易成名,伸紙揮毫,雷同一律。子桓精思逸韻,以絕人攀躋,故人不樂從,反為 所掩。子建以是壓倒阿兄,奪其名譽。實則子桓天才駿發,豈子建所能壓倒耶?故 嗣是而興者,如郭景純、阮嗣宗、謝客、陶公,乃至左太沖、張景陽,皆不屑染指 建安之羹鼎,視子建蔑如矣。降而蕭梁宮體,降而王、楊、盧、駱,降而大曆十才 子,降而溫、李、楊、劉,降而〔江西宗派〕,降而北地、信陽、琅邪、歷下,降 而竟陵,所翕然從之者,皆一時和哄漢耳。宮體盛時,即有庾子山之歌行,健筆縱 橫,不屑煙花簇湊。唐初比偶,即有陳子昂、張子壽扢揚大雅。繼以李、杜代興, 杯酒論文,雅稱同調;而李不襲杜,杜不謀李,未嘗黨同伐異,畫疆默守。沿及宋 人,始爭疆壘。歐陽永叔亟反楊億、劉筠之靡麗,而矯枉已迫,還入於枉,遂使一 代無詩,掇拾誇新,殆同觴令。胡元浮艷,又以矯宋為工。蠻觸之爭,要於興、觀 、群、怨,絲毫未有當也。伯溫、季迪以和緩受之,不與元人競勝,而自問風雅之 津。故洪武間詩教中興,洗四百年三變之陋。是知立〔才子〕之目,標一成之法, 扇動庸才,旦仿而夕肖者,原不足以羈絡騏驥;唯世無伯樂,則駕鹽車上太行者, 自鳴駿足耳。
    所以門庭一立,舉世稱為〔才子〕、為〔名家〕者有故。如欲作李、何、王、李門 下廝養,但買得《韻府群玉》、《詩學大成》、《萬姓統宗》、《廣輿記》四書置 案頭,遇題查湊,即無不足。若欲吮竟陵之唾液,則更不須爾,但就措大家所誦時 文〔之〕、〔於〕、〔其〕、〔以〕、〔靜〕、〔澹〕、〔歸〕、〔懷〕熟活字句 湊泊將去,即已居然詞客。如源休一收圖籍,即自謂酇侯,何得不向白華殿擁戴硃 泚耶?為硃泚者,遂褎然自以為天子矣。舉世悠悠,才不敏,學不充,思不精,情 不屬者,十姓百家而皆是。有此開方便門大功德主,誰能捨之而去?又其下更有皎 然《詩式》一派,下游印紙門神待填硃綠者,亦號為詩。《莊子》曰:〔人莫悲於 心死。〕心死矣,何不可圖度予雄耶?
    曹子建之於子桓,有仙凡之隔,而人稱子建,不知有子桓,俗論大抵如此。王敬美 風神蘊藉,高出元美上者數等,而俗所歸依,獨在元美。元美如吳夫差倚豪氣以爭 執牛耳,勢之所凌灼,亦且如之何哉?敬美論詩,大有玄微之旨。其雲〔河下傭〕 者,阿兄即是。揮毫落紙,非雲非煙,為五里霧耳。如《送蔡子木詩》:〔一去蔡 邕誰倒屣?可憐王粲獨登樓。〕恰好安排,一呼即集,非〔河下傭〕而何?
    元美末年以蘇子瞻自任,時人亦譽為〔長公再來〕。子瞻詩文雖多滅裂,而以元美 擬之,則辱子瞻太甚。子瞻、野狐禪也,元美則吹螺搖鈴,演《梁皇懺》一應付僧 耳。〔為報鄰雞莫驚覺,更容殘夢到江南。〕元美竭盡生平,能作此兩句不?
    立門庭者必餖飣,非餖飣不可以立門庭。蓋心靈人所自有而不相貸,無從開方便法 門,任陋人支借也。人譏〔西崑體〕為獺祭魚,蘇子瞻、黃魯直亦獺耳!彼所祭者 ,肥油江豚;此所祭者,吹沙跳浪之鱨鯊也。除卻書本子,則更無詩。如劉彥昺詩 :〔山圍曉氣蟠龍虎,台枕東風憶鳳凰。〕貝廷琚詩:〔我別語兒溪上宅,月當二 十四回新。〕〔如何萬國尚戎馬,只恐四鄰無故人。〕用事不用事,總以曲寫心靈 ,動人興、觀、群、怨,卻使陋人無從支借;唯其不可支借,故無有推建門庭者, 而獨起四百年之衰。
    〔落日照大旗,馬鳴風蕭蕭〕,豈以〔蕭蕭馬鳴,悠悠旆旌〕為出處耶?用意別, 則悲愉之景原不相貸,出語時偶然湊合耳。必求出處,宋人之陋也。其尤酸迂不通 者,既於詩求出處,抑以詩為出處,考證事理。杜詩:〔我欲相就沽斗酒,恰有三 百青銅錢。〕遂據以為唐時酒價。崔國輔詩:〔與沽一斗酒,恰用十千錢。〕就杜 陵沽處販酒向崔國輔賣,豈不三十倍獲息錢耶?求出處者,其可笑類如此。
    一部杜詩,為劉會孟堙塞者十之五,為《千家注》沉埋者十之七,為謝疊山、虞伯 生汙蔑更無一字矣。開卷《龍門奉先寺詩》:〔天闕象緯逼,雲臥衣裳冷。〕盡人 解一〔臥〕字不得,只作人臥雲中,故於〔闕〕字生許多胡猜亂度。此等下字法, 乃子美早年未醇處,從陰鑒、何遜來,向後脫卸乃盡,豈黃魯直所知耶?至〔沙上 鳧雛傍母眠〕,誣為嘲誚楊貴妃、安祿山,則市井惡少造謠歌,誚鄰人閨閫惡習, 施之君父,罪不容於死矣。
    《小雅鶴鳴》之詩,全用比體,不道破一句,《三百篇》中創調也。要以俯仰物理 而詠歎之,用見理隨物顯,唯人所感,皆可類通;初非有所指斥,一人一事,不敢 明言,而姑為隱語也。若他詩有所指斥,則皇父、尹氏、暴公,不憚直斥其名,歷 數其慝;而且自顯其為家父,為寺人孟子,無所規避。詩教雖雲溫厚,然光昭之志 ,無畏於天,無恤於人,揭日月而行,豈女子小人半含不吐之態乎?《離騷》雖多 引喻,而直言處亦無所諱。宋人騎兩頭馬,欲博忠直之名,又畏禍及,多作影子語 巧相彈射,然以此受禍者不少,既示人以可疑之端,則雖無所誹誚,亦可加以羅織 。觀蘇子瞻烏台詩案,其遠謫窮荒,誠自取之矣;而抑不能昂首舒吭以一鳴,三木 加身,則曰〔聖主如天萬物春〕,可恥孰甚焉!近人多效此者,不知輕薄圓頭惡習 ,君子所不屑久矣。
    近體,梁、陳已有,至杜審言而始葉於度。歌行,鮑、庾初制,至李太白而後極其 致。蓋創作猶魚之初漾於洲渚,繼起者乃泳游自恣,情舒而鱗鬐始展也。七言絕句 ,初盛唐既饒有之,稍以鄭重,故損其風神。至劉夢得而後宏放出於天然,於以揚 扢性情,馺娑景物,無不宛爾成章,誠小詩之聖證矣。此體一以才情為主。言簡者 最忌侷促,侷促則必有滯累;苟無滯累,又蕭索無餘。非有紅爐點雪之襟宇,則方 欲馳騁,忽爾蹇躓;意在矜莊,只成疲苶。以此求之,知率筆口佔之難,倍於按律 合轍也。夢得而後,唯天分高朗者能步其芳麗塵。白樂天、蘇子瞻皆有合作,近則 湯義仍、徐文長、袁中郎往往能居勝地,無不以夢得為活譜。才與無才,情與無情 ,唯此體可以驗之。不能作五言古詩,不足入風雅之室;不能作七言絕句,直是不 當作詩。區區近體中覓好對語,一四六幕客而已。
    七言絕句,唯王江寧能無疵纇;儲光義、崔國輔其次者。至若〔秦時明月漢時關〕 ,句非不鏈,格非不高,但可作律詩起句,施之小詩,未免有頭重之病。若〔水盡 南天不見雲〕、〔永和三日蕩輕舟〕、〔囊無一物獻尊親〕、〔玉帳分弓射虜營〕 ,皆所謂滯累,以有襯字故也。其免於滯累者,如〔只今唯有西江月,曾照吳王宮 裡人〕、〔黃鶴樓中吹玉笛,江城五月落梅花〕、〔此夜曲中聞《折柳》,何人不 起故園情〕,則又疲苶無生氣,似欲匆匆結煞。
    作詩但求好句,已落下乘。況絕句只此數語,拆開作一俊語,豈復成詩?〔百戰方 夷項,三章且易秦。功歸蕭相國,氣盡戚夫人。〕恰似一漢高帝謎子,擲開成四片 ,全不相關通。如此作詩,所謂〔佛出世也救不得〕也。
    建立門庭,已絕望風雅。然其中有本無才情,以此為安身立命之本者,如高廷禮、 何大復、王元美、鍾伯敬是也。有才情固自足用,而以立門庭故自桎梏者,李獻吉 是也。其次則譚友夏亦有牙後慧,使不與鍾為徒,幾可分文徵仲一席,當於其五七 言絕句驗之。
    論畫者曰:〔咫尺有萬里之勢。〕一〔勢〕字宜著眼。若不論勢,則縮萬里於咫尺 ,直是《廣輿記》前一天下圖耳。五言絕句,以此為落想時第一義,唯盛唐人能得 其妙。如〔君家住何處?妾住在橫塘。停船暫借問,或恐是同鄉〕,墨氣所射,四 表無窮,無字處皆其意也。李獻吉詩:〔浩浩長江水,黃州若個邊?岸回山一轉, 船到堞樓前。〕固自不失此風味。
    五言絕句自五言古詩來,七言絕句自歌行來,此二體本在律詩之前;律詩從此出, 演令充早日暢耳。有云:絕句者,截取律詩一半,或絕前四句,或絕後四句,或絕 首尾各二句,或絕中兩聯。審爾,斷頭刖足,為刑人而已。不知誰作此說,戕人生 理?自五言古詩來者,就一意中圓淨成章,字外含遠神,以使人思;自歌行來者, 就一氣中駘宕靈通,句中有餘韻,以感人情。脩短雖殊,而不可雜冗滯累則一也。 五言絕句,有平鋪兩聯者,亦陰鑒、何遜古詩之支裔。七言絕句,有對偶如:〔故 鄉今夜思千里,霜鬢明朝又一年〕,亦流動不羈,終不可作〔江間波浪兼天湧,塞 上風雲接地陰〕平實語。足知絕律四句之說,牙行賺客語,皮下有血人不受他和哄 。
    《大雅》中理語造極精微,除是周公道得,漢以下無人能嗣其響。陳正字、張曲江 始倡《感遇》之作,雖所詣不深,而本地風光,駘宕人性情,以引名教之樂者,風 雅源流,於斯不昧矣。硃子和陳、張之作,亦曠世而一遇。此後唯陳白沙為能以風 韻寫天真,使讀之者如脫鉤而遊杜蘅之沚。王伯安厲聲吆喝:〔個個人心有仲尼。 〕乃遊食髡徒夜敲木板叫街語,驕橫鹵莽,以鳴其〔蠢動含靈,皆有佛性〕之說, 志荒而氣因之躁,陋矣哉!
    門庭之外,更有數種惡詩:有似婦人者,有似衲子者,有似鄉塾師者,有似遊食客 者。婦人、衲子,非無小慧;塾師、遊客,亦侈高談。但其識量不出針線蔬筍,數 米量鹽,抽豐告貸之中;古今上下哀樂,了不相關,即令揣度言之,亦粵人詠雪, 但言白冷而已。然此數者,亦有所自來,以為依據:似婦人者,仿《國風》而失其 不淫之度。晉、宋以後,柔曼移於壯夫;;近則王辰玉、譚友夏中之。似衲子者, 其源自東晉來。鍾嶸謂陶令為隱逸詩人之宗,亦以其量不弘而氣不勝,下此者可知 已。自是而賈島固其本色;陳無己刻意冥搜,止墮虀鹽窠臼;近則鍾伯敬通身陷入 ;陳仲醇縱饒綺語,亦宋初九僧之流亞耳。似塾師、遊客者,《衛風》、《北門》 實為作俑。彼所謂〔政散民流,誣上行私而不可止〕者,夫子錄之,以著衛為狄滅 之因耳。陶公〔饑來驅我去〕,誤墮其中。杜陵不審,鼓其餘波。嗣後啼饑號寒, 望門求索之子,奉為羔雉,至陳昂、宋登春而丑穢極矣。學詩者,一染此數家之習 ,白練受污,終不可復白,尚戒之哉!
    艷詩有述歡好者,有述怨情者,《三百篇》亦所不廢;顧皆流覽而達其定情,非沉 迷不反,以身為妖冶之媒也。嗣是作者,如〔荷葉羅裙一色裁〕,〔昨夜風開露井桃〕,皆艷極而有所止。至如太白《烏棲曲》諸篇,則又寓意高遠,尤為雅奏。其述怨情者,在漢人則有〔青青河畔草,鬱鬱園中柳〕,唐人則〔閨中少婦不知愁〕 、〔西宮夜靜百花香〕,婉孌中自矜風軌。迨元、白起,而後將身化作妖冶女子, 備述衾裯中醜態。杜牧之惡其蠱人心,敗風俗,欲施以典刑,非已甚也。近則湯義仍屢為泚筆,而固不失雅步。唯譚友夏渾作青樓淫咬,鬚眉盡喪;潘之恆輩又無論已。《清商曲》起自晉、宋,蓋里巷淫哇,初非文人所作,猶今之《劈破玉》、《 銀紐絲》耳。操觚者即不惜廉隅,亦何至作《懊儂歌》、《子夜》、《讀曲》?

    汪曾祺《文與畫》

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    無意中從永和找到汪曾祺《文與畫》山東畫報,2006


    這是一本圖文並茂的書。2006出版數月後即再刷。


    以前沒注意 《汪曾祺全集》的出版年是1998(北京師範大學出版社,1998,全八卷,我只有1~3卷)。


    這次翻讀《文與畫》,特別關注《七十書懷》1990 等文章:汪先生也有點高估自己的餘生,當時認為再活個十年,應該不是問題,還想出版本短篇小說和一本散文,及構思多年的《漢武帝》......。






    《文與畫》末篇《論精品意識》在1997.4.29 發表;

    "明日將往成都",那兒我梢熟悉。


    很可惜,90年代初訪北京時,不懂得汪談的"大樹"......


























    我查Wikipedia,汪先生生卒年:

    汪曾祺(1920年3月5日-1997年5月16日),江蘇高郵人。中國當代作家。以短篇小說和散文聞名。被視為京派作家,亦被視為里下河文學流派的創始人。

    ----

    2016年2月24日 星期三
    艾子雜說:沈從文書信中的汪曾祺
    沈從文書信中的汪曾祺

    【Lightbox攝影圖書室新館】; 植民地期台湾の映画 : 発見されたプロパガンダ・フィルムの研究 2017

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    【Lightbox攝影圖書室新館】

    地址:台北市大安區羅斯福路三段269巷19號

    開放時間:週二-六 13:00-20:00

    Lightbox攝影圖書室 官網請點這裡

    Lightbox攝影圖書室 粉絲團請點這裡

    Lightbox攝影圖書室 群眾集資計畫請點這裡



    https://artemperor.tw/focus/2674?fbclid=IwAR19qSz5svGuQGtBxgg0mVW0l6LY-UG_qDspt9hPs-taBkoaxMgktWC3gEg




    詳細書目



    題名
    の映画 : 発見されたプロパガンダ・フィルムの研究
    作者/創建者
    其他題名
    封面英文題名: Propaganda films in colonial Taiwan : research on newly discovered films
    発見されたプロパガンダ・フィルムの研究
    Research on newly discovered films
    出版者
    東京都 : 東京大学出版会
    出版日期
    2017
    版本
    初版
    格式
    257,43面 : 圖, 書影 ; 21公分 + 2片DVD
    附註
    含索引
    出版協力 : 國立歷史博物館
    資源來源
    圖書館目錄
    識別號
    ISBN : 9784130800952
    991029353159704786




    の映画 : 発見されたプロパガンダ・フィルムの研究

    2017


    The New York Times for Kids - NYTimes. annual diversity report. 'wants 10 million subscribers by 2025'.《紐約時報》宣布全球擴張計劃。The Times, The Thorny Challenge of Covering China

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    The New York Times for Kids mimics the form of a conventional newspaper, and approaches the news with a focus on what matters most to younger readers.

    An Engaging Mix of Times Journalism for Children

    Empower younger audiences to understand the world they live in, with quality storytelling created and edited specifically for children aged 8-13. The New York Times for Kids mimics the form of a conventional newspaper, and approaches the news with a focus on what matters most to younger readers. From learning how schools prepare for natural disasters to the best recipe for homemade slime – this special section broadens children’s perspectives and keeps them informed.
    版面真有趣啊,我都想收藏……。


    CACAOMAG.CO
    《紐約時報》兒童版:誰說孩子們不需要有專為他們製作的新聞?|cacao 可口雜誌




    Number of employees. 3,700 (December 2017). Website, www.nytco.com.

     The New York Times’s annual diversity report shows that women now make up 51 percent of our staff, and people of color represent 30 percent; both have increased in recent years.

    The New York Times now has a new high of 4.3 million total paid subscriptions, according to the company. It wants 10 million by 2025.

    2016.4.17

    我在月前發覺NYT網站 多了西班牙文版

    《紐約時報》宣布全球擴張計劃

    紐約時報公司將在未來三年投資5000萬美元,擴大時報的全球數字受眾群體,增加美國以外市場的營收。時報主管稱,海外市場潛力發巨大,值得挖掘。國際新聞主編周看(Joe Kahn)將負責NYT Global的采編戰略。國際部總裁史蒂芬·丹巴-約翰遜(Stephen Dunbar-Johnson)將主持商務運營。國際部副主編莉迪亞·博爾格林(Lydia Polgreen)將負責NYT Global的編務。
    各位主管在備忘錄中寫道:20世紀90年代,《紐約時報》突破了本地界限,成為一份全國性的報紙,他們現在看到一個「機會」,突破國界,「成為全球新聞評論界不可或缺的領導者」。
    去年10月,時報制定了發展戰略,到2020年做到數字內容營收翻倍,從2014年的4億美元達到8億美元。備忘錄說:公司還在「為我們的國際增長制定更遠大的目標」。
    new-yorktimes
    美國備受尊崇的老牌新聞媒體紐約時報不敵數位浪潮,將裁員 100 名新聞人員,約占整體新聞部門 8%。市場直接聯想到的是,紐約時報推出多種應用程式的數位新策略似乎出師不利。
    據 Re/code 報導,《紐約時報》四個月前推出每月 6 美元的應用程式 NYTOpinion app,因消費者似乎不怎麼買單,紐時已準備收掉這個應用程式。另外一個應用程式 NYT Now,是《紐約時報》編輯挑選出的精選新聞,屬於應用內購買,一個月可免費看 10 則新聞,看更多的話一個月需付 240 台幣,的確吸引很多年輕一代習慣使用手機閱讀新聞的族群,但並沒有成功將這些人導入網站閱讀,紐時才發現手機與網站新聞產品必須分開。《紐約時報》剛推出的美食應用程式,目前是完全免費。
    由於紙本與線上廣告營收持續下滑,《紐約時報》的數位訂閱營收攸關這家老牌新聞品牌的未來,但現在看起來,數位訂閱戶好像已經碰到成長瓶頸,可能是紐時決定裁員的主要原因。專家替紐時預估他們最多會有 100 萬數位訂閱戶,願意付每個月 15-30 美元閱讀紐時新聞,但截至目前為止,網站加上應用程式訂閱戶只有 87 萬,今年前三季新增 13 萬人。
    紐時的內部員工信件當中,除了裁員訊息外,也將近期紐時推出的各種新聞產品成效公開,以及明白告知員工未來的調整策略,同時也透露些許好消息,《紐約時報》本季數位廣告成長 15%,是 2010 年以來表現最好的季度,紙本廣告九月底時也略見起色,今年本季廣告營收應該持平,先前預期本季會出現個位數衰退。 
    *****

    我的一位朋友不知道《紐約時報》有中文版。

    朋友問要怎樣找它? 我知道他可以讀英文版網站,就請他到New York Time 網站第一頁。或http://cn.nytimes.com/zh-hant/

    它的中文網也沒發行資料。幸虧網路上可找到。

    《纽约时报》今天推出中文网站-观察者网 Jun 28, 2012



    它的beta(試用)版問題還有,譬如說中文的標點轉換等有錯.

    又譬如說今天的熱門文章排行有重複問題:

    第一名: 广岛到福岛,他用生命记录真相

    第八名: 从广岛到福岛,他用生命记录

    其實它們是同一篇文章。

    2014.1.8

      To Our Readers

    The New York Times introduces today a new design for NYTimes.com, its first since April 2006. The images are larger, the layout and typography are cleaner and the site navigation is better. More enhancements will follow.
    Our redesigned website is now live: http://nyti.ms/1kojjzD

    We think it’s sleeker, faster and more intuitive. We hope you like it. Take a tour and let us know what you think.

    THE PUBLIC EDITOR

    The Thorny Challenge of Covering China

    HOW do major American news organizations write about a Communist country with the world’s second-largest economy — a country that doesn’t believe in press rights and that punishes tough-minded coverage?
    Aggressively? Cautiously? Fearlessly? Competitively?
     

    The country is China. The news organizations include The New York Times, as well as its closest competitors. And those questions are on the minds of top editors and executives of news organizations. The Chinese market is a lucrative one, important to their profitability; and, separately, news value is high. There are crucial stories to be reported in this fast-changing nation of  more than 1.3 billion people, the most populous country in the world.
    The answers are playing out on newspaper front pages and websites, in newsroom personnel decisions and on corporate balance sheets.
    Consider some of what’s happened:
    • Last year, The Times published a story by David Barboza about the enormous wealth of China’s ruling family. The article won a Pulitzer Prize — and caused the Chinese government to shut down The Times’s website in China, an important part of its growth as a global business, at a cost of about $3 million in lost revenue to The Times so far.
    • On Nov. 9, The Times published an article on its front page about one of its chief business-news competitors, Bloomberg News, describing how the organization had decided against the planned publication of an article for fear of reprisal by the Chinese government. The Times story, which came from unidentified Bloomberg employees, included denials by Bloomberg news executives, including the editor in chief, Matthew Winkler, that the story was killed.
    A few days later, Bloomberg made a written complaint to me, through its ethics consultant Tom Goldstein, a former Columbia journalism dean. Mr. Goldstein called the article unfair and inaccurate. He criticized The Times for “sabotaging a competitor” by describing the news in the unpublished article.
    After I began investigating the complaint by interviewing journalists at Bloomberg and at The Times, Bloomberg postponed and then canceled my scheduled interview with Mr. Winkler. A public relations representative told me that a follow-up Times article on Nov. 25— a broader look at Bloomberg’s corporate mission — was “much more accurate” and made the interview unnecessary.
    Bloomberg’s insistence that its China exposé simply wasn’t ready for publication, and that therefore the original Times story was invalid, is off the point. The core of the Times story had to do with media self-censorship in China: A top American news executive’s telling his reporters that a story was being pulled back at least partly because it might get their news organization kicked out of the country. The details of Mr. Winkler’s conference call, in which he spoke to the reporters, are “verifiable,” The Times’s foreign editor, Joseph Kahn, told me. Other journalists, inside and outside The Times, mentioned the existence of audio recordings of that call.
    I believe the initial Times article was essentially solid — and certainly eye-opening. Still, one can reasonably question whether it was sound judgment to put an article focused on a competitor’s news decision at the top of The Times’s front page.
    • Fortune magazine reported last week that Chinese authorities barged into Bloomberg News offices in Shanghai and Beijing to conduct inspections shortly after The Times wrote about the disputed and still unpublished article. Chinese officials also demanded an apology from Mr. Winkler, Fortune reported. Mr. Winkler has built Bloomberg News into a top-flight news organization, one that has clearly done some of the best reporting from China. Publicly, Bloomberg has continued to say that its article was held back for more reporting, not permanently killed. One of the reporters of that article, Michael Forsythe, was suspended from Bloomberg; he later left the company. It would not be surprising if Mr. Forsythe soon joined the reporting staff of The Times.
    • American reporters in China are having problems getting their residency visas renewed and soon may be forced to leave the country. What once was “an annual nonevent” has become “a very big worry,” said Jill Abramson, the executive editor at The Times. “I’m concerned that we won’t be able to do the unfettered coverage we need to do for our readers.”
    The Times has a dozen people reporting on China who have New York Times accreditations from the Chinese government, including a photographer and a videographer. All are in Beijing except Mr. Barboza, who is based in Shanghai. The Times also has several correspondents and an editing operation in Hong Kong.
    • The websites of The Wall Street Journal and Reuters were both recently blocked, and Bloomberg’s has been blocked for many months. And after officials ordered some companies to stop paying for Bloomberg’s data terminals — central to the company’s distinctive business model — the growth in sales slowed in China, a major potential market.
    In short, the stakes are high and the circumstances difficult, both for newsgathering and for news-based businesses.
    From a news perspective, The Times has an advantage: It is still that rarity, a family-owned news organization. As Ms. Abramson noted, its publisher, Arthur Sulzberger Jr., “doesn’t flinch” from running critical China stories.
    James L. McGregor, former Beijing bureau chief for The Wall Street Journal, offered this blunt assessment in The Times’s Nov. 25 article:
    “It’s looking increasingly like as a media company, you have a choice in China. You either do news or you do business, but it’s hard to do both.”
    So far, The Times — and, to varying degrees, its competitors — has continued to “do news.” That’s worthwhile, and challenging, and not very likely to get easier.

    《紐約時報》做生意更做新聞


    對於一個經濟總量居世界第二位的共產主義國家,一個不保護媒體權利、對意志頑強的報道施以責罰的國家,美國的主要新聞媒體該如何報道?
    激烈強硬?小心翼翼?無所畏懼?你爭我奪?
    這個國家就是中國。這些新聞機構包括《紐約時報》以及它幾 個實力最接近的競爭者。上述問題正在這些新聞機構高層的編輯和管理人員腦海里盤旋。中國市場有利可圖,對它們的盈利能力至關重要;另一方面,中國的新聞價值又很高——兩者並非一回事。這個擁有超過13億人口的全球第一人口大國正在發生飛速的變革,有許多重要的消息需要報道。
    問題的答案正在報紙頭版、網站、新聞采編室的人員任免和企業的資產負債表上體現出來。
    看看都發生了什麼吧:
    去年,《紐約時報》發表了張大衛(David Barboza)撰寫的關於中國統治者家族擁有大量財富的報道。這篇文章贏得了普利策獎——也促使中國政府在中國境內封鎖《紐約時報》的網站,這個網站是它作為一家跨國公司的增長的重要部分,到目前為止已經令紐約時報公司損失了大約300萬美元的營收。
    11月9日,《紐約時報》在頭版發表了一篇關 於其主要商業新聞競爭者彭博新聞社的文章,報道稱,這家機構因為擔心中國政府的報復行動,決定放棄原計劃發表的一篇文章。《紐約時報》的報道來自一些不具名的彭博僱員透露的信息,報道談到,包括主編溫以樂(Matthew Winkler)在內的彭博新聞社的高管否認這篇報道被斃。
    幾天後,彭博社通過其新聞道德顧問、前哥倫比亞大學新聞系主任湯姆·戈德斯坦(Tom Goldstein)向我發出了書面投訴。戈德斯坦稱這篇報道有失公平,而且不準確。他批評《紐約時報》談論未發表文章中的新聞是「蓄意傷害競爭對手」。
    在我開始和彭博以及《紐約時報》的記者談話以調查這樁投訴之後,彭博推遲並隨後取消了我原本和溫以樂約定好的採訪。一名公關代表告訴我,《紐約時報》11月25日的一篇跟進報道——從更大的視角看待彭博的企業使命——「精確得多」,因此採訪已經沒有必要。
    彭博堅持說,關於中國的曝光報道只不過是還沒準備好發表, 因此《紐約時報》最初的報道是不準確的,這個說法偏離了主題。《紐約時報》這篇報道的核心與媒體在中國的自我審查有關:一家美國新聞媒體的高管告訴記者, 報道之所以被撤回,至少有一部分原因是它可能導致他們的機構被踢出這個國家。《紐約時報》的國際新聞編輯周看(Joseph Kahn)告訴我,溫以樂在電話會議上對記者發表了講話,這是「可以核實的」。還有一些記者,其中有時報內部人士,也有外界的記者,都提到那次電話會議是 有錄音的。
    我相信《紐約時報》的文章從根本上是經得起推敲的——而且無疑是令人大開眼界的。儘管如此,人們還是有理由質疑,把一篇以競爭對手的新聞決策為主題的文章放在《紐約時報》頭版上是否明智。
    《財富》(Fortune)雜誌上周報道,就在《紐約時報》報道了這篇引發爭議並且仍然沒有發表的文章之後不久,中國政府闖進了彭博新聞社在上海和北京的辦公室進行突擊檢查。據《財富》報道,中國官員還要求溫以樂道歉。溫以樂已經將彭博新聞社打造成了一家頂級新聞機構,在中國已經發表了一些非常優秀的報道。彭博在公開場合仍然表示,這篇文章被擱置是為了進一步的報道,不是被徹底棄用。該文的記者之一傅才德(Michael Forsythe)被停職;後來離開了公司。如果傅才德不久之後加入了《紐約時報》的報道隊伍,大家應該不會感到意外。
    美國媒體的駐華記者在續簽居留簽證問題上遇到了麻煩,或許很快會被迫離境。《紐約時報》執行主編吉爾·阿布拉姆松(Jill Abramson)稱,以往的「年度小事」已成為「一大憂患」。「我擔心,我們將不再能夠向我們的讀者提供未加約束的新聞報道。」
    時報公司有十多位從事中國報道的人員擁有中國政府頒發的《紐約時報》記者資質,其中包括一名攝影師和一名攝像師。除了在上海的張大衛,其餘的人都在北京。《紐約時報》還在香港有一個編輯部門及數名記者。
    《華爾街日報》(The Wall Street Journal)和路透社(Reuters)的中文網站最近被封,彭博則已經被封許久。中國官方下令部分企業停止購買彭博的數據終端機——該公司特有的商業模式的核心——之後,公司在中國這一主要潛在市場的銷售出現放緩。
    簡而言之,不管是做新聞還是做基於新聞的生意,都是風險巨大,處境艱難。
    從新聞的角度看,《紐約時報》存在一項優勢:它仍是罕有的由家族擁有的新聞機構。正如阿布拉姆松稱指出的,在刊發有關中國的批評性報道時,出版人小阿瑟·蘇茲伯格(Arthur Sulzberger Jr.)「不會退縮」。
    在《紐約時報》11月25日發表的文章中,《華爾街日報》(The Wall Street Journal)北京分社前社長麥健陸(James McGregor)作出了直白的評論:
    「事情似乎越來越明顯,作為一個媒體公司,你在中國面臨著一個選擇:要麼做新聞,要麼做生意,但你很難兩樣都做。」
    迄今為止,《紐約時報》在繼續「做新聞」——競爭對手們也在做,只是程度各有不同。這是值得的,也是困難的,而且很可能會變得難上加難。

    《紐約時報》考慮是否關閉中文網

    更新時間 2013年11月27日, 格林尼治標準時間20:12
    紐約時報
    紐約時報有關溫家寶家人聚斂財富的報道令中國當局不快
    美國《紐約時報》首席執行官馬克·湯普森說,《紐約時報》正在審議自己所有的虧損業務,包括《紐約時報》中文網。
    《紐約時報》中文網在2012年10月發表了一篇有關中國總理溫家寶家人聚斂財富的報道。
    從那以後,這個網站就在中國受到了封鎖。
    湯普森星期二(11月26日)接受路透社採訪時說,《紐約時報》在2012年6月推出中文網試驗版,當時的狀況令人鼓舞。
    但是他說,「我們在中國無法被正式閱讀到的事實意味著,我們的收入不像我們期望的那樣大。」
    他說,「如果中文網是虧損業務,那就屬於審議的對象。」
    重要挑戰
    馬克·湯普森在2004年到2012年間擔任BBC英國廣播公司總裁,後出任美國《紐約時報》首席執行官。
    《紐約時報》中文網是馬克·湯普森就任這家報紙首席執行官之後所面臨的重要挑戰之一。
    同所有其他媒體一樣,《紐約時報》也存在著廣告收入下滑和印刷報紙銷量減少的問題。
    《紐約時報》曾在10月份推出另一個以生活內容為主的中文網站,「並不涉及主網站所談論的議題」。
    湯普森說,中國官員並沒有說明會在什麼時候對《紐約時報》中文網的主網站解禁。
    但是他強調說,《紐約時報》應該努力對全世界做出公正客觀的報道,允許記者自由地工作符合所有國家的利益。
    (編譯:躍生/責編:董樂)
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    Daily newspaper published in London, one of Britain's oldest and most influential, and one of the world's greatest newspapers. Founded by John I. Walter in 1785 as The Daily Universal Register, it became The Times in 1788, publishing commercial news and notices along with some scandal. By the mid-1800s it had developed into a widely respected national journal and daily historical record. Late in the 19th century its reputation and circulation declined, but it returned to financial security after being bought by Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe (1908), and its preeminence in editorial matters and news coverage was reestablished under the editorship of William Haley (1952 – 67). In 1981 it was bought by Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation.

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    U.K.'s Times Gives Tally of Digital Sign-Ups
    News Corp.'s U.K. newspaper division said more than 100,000 readers have paid for digital editions of the Times and Sunday Times--with about half of those being monthly subscribers.

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    The Times is a daily national newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785, when it was known as The Daily Universal Register.
    The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times are published by Times Newspapers Limited, a subsidiary of News International. News International is entirely owned by the News Corporation group, headed by Rupert Murdoch. Though traditionally a moderately centre-right newspaper and a supporter of the Conservatives, it supported the Labour Party in the 2001 and 2005 general elections.[2] In 2005, according to MORI, the voting intentions of its readership were 40% for the Conservative Party, 29% for the Liberal Democrats, 26% for Labour.[3]
    The Times is the original "Times" newspaper, lending its name to many other papers around the world, such as The New York Times, The Los Angeles Times, The Daily Times (Malawi),The Times of India, The Straits Times, The Times of Malta and The Irish Times. For distinguishing purposes it is therefore sometimes referred to, particularly in North America, as the 'London Times' or 'The Times of London'.[4][5] The paper is the originator of the ubiquitous Times Roman typeface, originally developed by Stanley Morison of The Times in collaboration with the Monotype Corporation for its legibility in low-tech printing.
    The Times was printed in broadsheet format for 219 years, but switched to tabloid size in 2004 partly in an attempt to appeal to younger readers and partly to appeal to commuters using public transport. An American edition has been published since 6 June 2006.[4]
    Contents[hide]

    Today

    The newspaper's cover price in the United Kingdom is £1 on weekdays (40p for students at some university campus shops) and £1.50 on Saturday. The Times's sister paper, The Sunday Times, is a broadsheet and priced at £2.20. Although The Times and The Sunday Times are both owned by News International, a subsidiary of Rupert Murdoch's Newscorp, they do not share editorial staff, were founded independently and have shared the same owner only since 1967. In November 2006 The Times began printing headlines in its new font, Times Modern.

    History

    The Times was founded by John Walter on 1 January 1785 as The Daily Universal Register, with Walter in the role of editor. Walter changed the title after 940 editions on 1 January 1788 to The Times. In 1803, John Walter handed ownership and editorship to his son of the same name. John Walter Sr. had already spent sixteen months in Newgate prison for libel printed in The Times, but his pioneering efforts to obtain Continental news, especially from France, helped build the paper's reputation among policy makers and financiers.
    The Times used contributions from significant figures in the fields of politics, science, literature, and the arts to build its reputation. For much of its early life, the profits of The Times were very large and the competition minimal, so it could pay far better than its rivals for information or writers.
    In 1809, John Stoddart was appointed general editor, replaced in 1817 with Thomas Barnes. Under Barnes and his successor in 1841, John Thadeus Delane, the influence of The Times rose to great heights, especially in politics and amongst the City of London. Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling were two noted journalists, and gained for The Times the pompous/satirical nickname 'The Thunderer' (from "We thundered out the other day an article on social and political reform.").The increased circulation and influence of the paper was based in part to its early adoption of the steam driven rotary printing press. Distribution via steam trains to rapidly growing concentrations of urban populations helped ensure the profitability of the paper and its growing influence.[6]
    The Times was the first newspaper to send war correspondents to cover particular conflicts. W. H. Russell, the paper's correspondent with the army in the Crimean War, was immensely influential[7] with his dispatches back to England.

    A wounded British officer reading The Times's report of the end of the Crimean war, in John Everett Millais' painting Peace Concluded.
    In other events of the nineteenth century, The Times opposed the repeal of the Corn Laws[citation needed] until the number of demonstrations convinced the editorial board otherwise, and only reluctantly supported aid to victims of the Irish Potato Famine. It enthusiastically supported the Great Reform Bill of 1832 which reduced corruption and increased the electorate from 400 000 people to 800 000 people (still a small minority of the population). During the American Civil War, The Times represented the view of the wealthy classes, favouring the secessionists, but it was not a supporter of slavery.
    The third John Walter (the founder's grandson) succeeded his father in 1847. The paper continued as more or less independent. From the 1850s, however, The Times was beginning to suffer from the rise in competition from the penny press, notably The Daily Telegraph and The Morning Post.
    The Times faced financial extinction in 1890 under Arthur Fraser Walter, but it was rescued by an energetic editor, Charles Frederic Moberly Bell. During his tenure (1890–1911), The Times became associated with selling the Encyclopædia Britannica using aggressive American marketing methods introduced by Horace Everett Hooper and his advertising executive, Henry Haxton. However, due to legal fights between the Britannica's two owners, Hooper and Walter Montgomery Jackson, The Times severed its connection in 1908 and was bought by pioneering newspaper magnate, Alfred Harmsworth, later Lord Northcliffe.
    In editorials published on 29 and 31 July 1914 Wickham Steed, the Times's Chief Editor argued that the British Empire should enter World War I.[8] On 8 May 1920, under the editorship of Wickham Steed, the Times in an editorial endorsed the anti-Semitic forgery The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion as a genuine document, and called Jews the world’s greatest danger. The following year, when Philip Graves, the Constantinople (modern Istanbul, Turkey) correspondent of the Times exposed The Protocols as a forgery, the Times retracted the editorial of the previous year.
    In 1922, John Jacob Astor, a son of the 1st Viscount Astor, bought The Times from the Northcliffe estate. The paper gained a measure of notoriety in the 1930s with its advocacy of German appeasement; then-editor Geoffrey Dawson was closely allied with those in the government who practised appeasement[citation needed], most notably Neville Chamberlain.
    Kim Philby, a Sovietdouble agent, served as a correspondent for the newspaper in Spain during the Spanish Civil War of the late 1930s. Philby was admired for his courage in obtaining high-quality reporting from the front lines of the bloody conflict. He later joined MI6 during World War II, was promoted into senior positions after the war ended, then eventually defected to the Soviet Union in 1963.[9]
    Between 1941-1946, the left-wing British historian E. H. Carr served as Assistant Editor. Carr was well-known for the strongly pro-Soviet tone of his editorials.[10] In December 1944, when fighting broke out in Athens between the Greek Communist ELAS and the British Army, Carr in a Times editorial sided with the Communists, leading Winston Churchill to condemn him and that leader in a speech to the House of Commons.[11] As a result of Carr’s editorial, the Times became popularly known during World War II as the threepenny Daily Worker (the price of the Daily Worker was one penny)[12]
    In 1967, members of the Astor family sold the paper to Canadian publishing magnate Roy Thomson, and on 3 May 1966 it started printing news on the front page for the first time. (Previously, the paper's front page featured small advertisements, usually of interest to the moneyed classes in British society.[citation needed]) The Thomson Corporation merged it with The Sunday Times to form Times Newspapers Limited.
    An industrial dispute prompted the management to shut the paper for nearly a year (1 December 1978–12 November 1979).
    The Thomson Corporation management were struggling to run the business due to the 1979 Energy Crisis and union demands. Management were left with no choice but to save both titles by finding a buyer who was in a position to guarantee the survival of both titles, and also one who had the resources and was committed to funding the introduction of modern printing methods.
    Several suitors appeared, including Robert Maxwell, Tiny Rowland and Lord Rothermere; however, only one buyer was in a position to fulfil the full Thomson remit. That buyer was the Australian media baron Rupert Murdoch.

    Rupert Murdoch

    In 1981, The Times and The Sunday Times were purchased from Thomson by Rupert Murdoch's News International.
    Murdoch soon began making his mark on the paper, replacing its editor, William Rees-Mogg, with Harold Evans in 1981. One of his most important changes was in the introduction of new technology and efficiency measures. In March–May 1982, following agreement with print unions, the hot-metal Linotype printing process used to print The Times since the 19th century was phased out and replaced by computer input and photo-composition. This allowed the staff of the print rooms of The Times and The Sunday Times to be reduced by half[citation needed]. However, direct input of text by journalists ("single stroke" input) was still not achieved, and this was to remain an interim measure until the Wapping dispute of 1986, which saw The Times move from its home at New Printing House Square in Gray's Inn Road (near Fleet Street) to new offices in Wapping.[13]
    In June 1990, The Times ceased its policy of using courtesy titles ("Mr", "Mrs", or "Miss" prefixes for living persons) before full names on first reference, but it continues to use them before surnames on subsequent references. The more formal style is now confined to the "Court and Social" page, though "Ms" is now acceptable in that section, as well as before surnames in news sections.
    In November 2003, News International began producing the newspaper in both broadsheet and tabloid sizes. On 13 September 2004, the weekday broadsheet was withdrawn from sale in Northern Ireland. Since 1 November 2004, the paper has been printed solely in tabloid format.
    The Conservative Party announced plans to launch litigation against The Times over an incident in which the newspaper claimed that Conservative election strategist Lynton Crosby had admitted that his party would not win the 2005 General Election. The Times later published a clarification, and the litigation was dropped.
    On 6 June 2005, The Times redesigned its Letters page, dropping the practice of printing correspondents' full postal addresses. Published letters were long regarded as one of the paper's key constituents. Author/solicitor David Green of Castle Morris Pembrokeshire has had more letters published on the main letters page than any known contributor - 158 by 31 January 2008. According to its leading article, "From Our Own Correspondents", removal of full postal addresses was in order to fit more letters onto the page.
    In a 2007 meeting with the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications who were investigating media ownership and the news, Murdoch stated that the law and the independent board prevented him from exercising editorial control.[14]
    In May 2008 printing of The Times switched from Wapping to new plants at Broxbourne, on the outskirts of London, Merseyside and Glasgow, enabling the paper to be produced with full colour on every page for the first time.

    Controversy and image

    Long considered the UK's newspaper of record, The Times is generally seen as a serious publication with high standards of journalism. It is not without trenchant critics: Robert Fisk,[15] seven time British International Journalist of the Year,[16] resigned as foreign correspondent in 1988 over what he saw as "political censorship" of his article on the shooting down of Iran Air Flight 655 in July 1988.
    Its partisan opinion pieces also damage its status as 'paper of record,' particularly when attacking interests that go against those of its parent company - News International - as demonstrated by a loaded opinion piece attacking the BBC for being 'one of a group of' signatories to a letter criticising BSkyB share options in October 2010[17]

    Readership profile and image

    The British Business Survey 2005 named The Times as the UK's leading daily newspaper for business people. This independent survey was sponsored by The Financial Times, The Guardian, The Daily Telegraph, The Economist, and The Times.
    The latest figures from the national readership survey show The Times to have the highest number of ABC1 25–44 readers and the largest numbers of readers in London of any of the "quality" papers.[18] The certified average circulation figures for November 2005 show that The Times sold 692,581 copies per day. This was the highest achieved under the last editor, Robert Thomson, and ensured that the newspaper remained ahead of The Daily Telegraph in terms of full rate sales, although the Telegraph remains the market leader for broadsheets, with a circulation of 905,955 copies. Tabloid newspapers, such as The Sun and middle-market newspapers such as the Daily Mail, at present outsell both papers with a circulation of around 3,005,308 and 2,082,352 respectively.[6][citation needed] In the face of competition from the Internet and 24-hour TV news channels, by March 2010 the paper's circulation had fallen to 502,436 copies daily and the Telegraph's to 686,679, according to ABC figures.

    Format and supplements

    The Times features news for the first half of the paper with the leading articles on the second page, the Opinion/Comment section begins after the first news section, the world news normally follows this. The business pages begin on the centre spread, and are followed by The Register, containing obituaries, Court & Social section, and related material. The sport section is at the end of the main paper.

    Literary Supplement

    The Times Literary Supplement (TLS) is a separately-paid-for weekly literature and society magazine.

    Science Reviews

    Between 1951 and 1966 The Times published a separately-paid-for quarterly science review, The Times Science Review. Remarkably, in 1953 both the newspaper and its science supplement failed to report on the discovery of the structure of DNA in Cambridge, which was reported on by both the News Chronicle and The New York Times.
    The Times started another new (but free) monthly science magazine, Eureka, in October 2009.

    times2

    The Times's main supplement was the times2, featuring various lifestyle columns.[clarification needed] It was discontinued on 1 March 2010, most of its regular features being absorbed into the main paper, the puzzles into a new supplement called Mind Games. Its previous incarnation began on 5 September 2005, before which it was called T2 and previously Times 2. Regular features included columns by a different columnist each weekday. There was a column by Marcus du Sautoy each Wednesday, for example. The back pages were devoted to puzzles and contain sudoku, "Killer Sudoku", "KenKen", word polygon puzzles, and a crossword simpler and more concise than the main "Times Crossword". The penultimate page was "Young Times", with puzzles and news for children. All these features are now found in Mind Games.
    The supplement also contained arts and lifestyle features, TV and radio listings and reviews which have now become their own weekly supplements.

    The Game

    The Game is included in the newspaper on a Monday, and details all the weekend's Football activity (Premier League and Football LeagueChampionship, League One and League Two.) The Scottish edition of The Game also includes results and analysis from Scottish Premier League games.

    Saturday supplements

    The Saturday edition of The Times contains a variety of supplements. These supplements were relaunched in January 2009 as: Sport, Weekend (including travel and lifestyle features), Saturday Review (arts, books, and ideas), The Times Magazine (columns on various topics), and Playlist (an entertainment listings guide).
    Saturday Review is the first regular supplement published in broadsheet format again since the paper switched to a compact size in 2004.
    The Times Magazine features columns touching on various subjects such as celebrities, fashion and beauty, food and drink, homes and gardens or simply writers' anecdotes. Notable contributors include Giles Coren, Food And Drink Writer of the Year in 2005.

    Online presence

    The Times and Sunday Times have had an online presence since March 1999, originally at the-times.co.uk and sunday-times.co.uk, and later at timesonline.co.uk.[19] In April 2009, the timesonline site had a readership of 750,000 readers per day.[20] As of September 2008, The Times Online travel section has been partnered with VacationRentalPeople, who provide all of The Times Online's rental property listings.

    Paywall

    Rupert Murdoch argued that readers should pay for online content, and since July 2010, News International requires readers that do not already subscribe to the print edition to pay £1 per day or £2 per week to access Times and Sunday Times content.[21]
    There are now two websites, instead of one: thetimes.co.uk is aimed at daily readers, and the thesundaytimes.co.uk site at providing weekly magazine-like content. Free access is now restricted to public libraries subscribing to these titles and those with access to an online university library portal with free access.
    The paywall has caused a dramatic decline in webpage views, with reach declining 48% in the first month alone and the Alexa ranking for the site falling 609 places[22] Such a decline may also be seen via Google Trends. In the same period, the reach of the rival Telegraph website increased 11.2% with the Guardian seeing a 5% increase. This trend can also be seen in tabloid newspapers not in direct competition with the Times such as the Daily Mail.[23]
    Unofficial reports have stated that the new website may have, as of July 2010, only 15,000 direct paying subscribers, with another 12,500 paying for access via an iPadapp.[24]

    The Times, along with the British Film Institute, sponsors the London Film Festival (or more specifically, The Times bfi London Film Festival). As of 2005, it is Europe's largest public event for motion pictures.
    The Times also sponsors the Cheltenham Literature Festival and the Asia House Festival of Asian Literature at Asia House, London.

    Political allegiance

    The Times was a traditional Conservative Party supporter, even after its 18-year rule in government was ended by the Labourlandslide of 1997, but for the 2001 general election the party declared its support for Tony Blair's Labour government, who were re-elected by a landslide. It supported Labour again in 2005, when it achieved a third successive election win, though with a vastly reduced majority.[25] For the 2010 general election, however, the newspaper declared its support for the Tories once again; the election ended in the Tories taking the most votes and seats but having to form a coalition with the Liberal Democrats in order to form a government as they had failed to gain an overall majority in the election.[26]

    Ownership

    Editorship

    Editor's name[27]Years
    John Walter1785–1803
    John Walter, 2nd1803–1812
    John Stoddart1812–1816
    Thomas Barnes1817–1841
    John Delane1841–1877
    Thomas Chenery1877–1884
    George Earle Buckle1884–1912
    George Geoffrey Dawson1912–1919
    Henry Wickham Steed1919–1922
    George Geoffrey Dawson1923–1941
    Robert McGowan Barrington-Ward1941–1948
    William Francis Casey1948–1952
    William Haley1952–1966
    Lord Rees-Mogg1967–1981
    Harold Evans1981–1982
    Charles Douglas-Home1982–1985
    Charles Wilson1985–1990
    Simon Jenkins1990–1992
    Peter Stothard1992–2002
    Robert Thomson2002–2007
    James Harding2007–

    Columnists and journalists

    Other publications

    (Times Books Group Ltd)

    Biography

    In fiction

    References


    1. ^Tryhorn, Chris (9 May 2008). "April ABCs: Financial Times Dips for Second Month". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2008/may/09/abcs.pressandpublishing1. Retrieved 24 May 2008.
    2. ^Ben Hall; Tim Burt; Fiona Symon. "UK Election - Election 2005: What the papers said". Financial Times. http://news.ft.com/cms/s/417fa1a2-ab60-11d9-893c-00000e2511c8,dwp_uuid=fdb2b318-aa9e-11d9-98d7-00000e2511c8.html.
    3. ^"MORI survey of newspaper readers". http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/researchpublications/researcharchive/poll.aspx?oItemId=755. Retrieved 2009-07-18.
    4. ^ abEric Pfanner (27 May 2006). "Times of London to Print Daily U.S. Edition". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/27/business/media/27paper.html. Retrieved 2008-11-04.
    5. ^Jeffrey Meyers (26 May 2000). "Fighting, fornication and fiction". Times Higher Education (News Corporation). http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=156212&sectioncode=26.
    6. ^ Claire Lomas, "The Steam Driven Rotary Press, The Times and the Empire"
    7. ^ Philip Knightley, The First Casualty: The War Correspondent as Hero, Propagandist, and Myth-maker from the Crimea to the Gulf War II
    8. ^ Ferguson, Niall The Pity of War page 217 London: Basic Books, 1999 page 217
    9. ^Treason in the Blood, by Anthony Cave Brown, 1995.
    10. ^ Beloff, Max "The Dangers of Prophecy" pages 8-10 from History Today, Volume 42, Issue # 9, September 1992 page 9
    11. ^ Davies, Robert William "Edward Hallett Carr, 1892-1982" pages 473-511 from Proceedings of the British Academy, Volume 69, 1983 page 489
    12. ^ Haslam, Jonathan "We Need a Faith: E.H. Carr, 1892-1982" pages 36-39 from History Today, Volume 33, August 1983 page 37
    13. ^ Alan Hamilton, "The Times bids farewell to old technology". The Times, 1 May 1982, pg. 2, col. C.
    14. ^"Minute of the meeting with Mr Rupert Murdoch, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, News Corporation". Inquiry into Media Ownership and the News. New York: House of Commons Select Committee on Communications. 17 September 2007. pp. 10. http://www.parliament.uk/documents/upload/us.doc.
    15. ^Fisk, Robert (2005). The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East.. London: Fourth Estate. pp. 329–334. ISBN1-84115-007-X.
    16. ^"Viewpoint: UK war reporter Robert Fisk". BBC News (BBC). 2005-12-03. Archived from the original on 2005-12-08. http://web.archive.org/web/20051208212035/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4393358.stm.
    17. ^"The Times hits out at BBC over BSkyB takeover letter". Guardian News and Media Ltd. 13th October 2010. http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2010/oct/13/the-times-bbc-bskyb.
    18. ^ An analysis of The Times reader demographic (based on NMA figures, news agenda and advertising in the paper) can be seen in this study.
    19. ^"Timesonline.co.uk Site Info". Alexa. http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/timesonline.co.uk. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
    20. ^Debbie Hindle (6 April 2009). "Times Online travel editor insight". BGB. http://www.bgb.co.uk/times-online-travel-editor-insight/. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
    21. ^"Times and Sunday Times websites to charge from June". BBC News (BBC). 26 May 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8588432.stm.
    22. ^Timesonline.co.uk Site info Alexa
    23. ^Telegraph.co.uk Site info Alexa
    24. ^Dan Sabbagh (July 18, 2010). "Times paywall: the numbers are out (should we charge for this?)". Beehive City. http://www.beehivecity.com/newspapers/times-paywall-the-numbers-on-the-street-should-we-charge-for-this180712/. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
    25. ^"Which political parties do the newspapers support?". Supanet.com. http://www.supanet.com/business--money/which-political-parties-do-the-newspapers-support--25923p1.html. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
    26. ^Stoddard, Katy. "Newspaper support in UK general elections". Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2010/may/04/general-election-newspaper-support. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
    27. ^The Times Editors From Times Online July 16, 2007
    28. ^ Detail from Harold Evans, Good Times, Bad Times, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1983 ISBN 0 297 78295 9

    External links


    Women & Power: A Manifesto by Mary Beard (Autor)

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    Google 打"mary beard women and power"搜索:有三影片




    Women & Power: A Manifesto
     Hardcover – 2. November 2017
    by Mary Beard (Autor)












    THE NUMBER 1 SUNDAY TIMES BESTSELLER 24 CONSECUTIVE WEEKS IN THE SUNDAY TIMES TOP 10 Why the popular resonance of 'mansplaining' (despite the intense dislike of the term felt by many men)? It hits home for us because it points straight to what it feels like not to be taken seriously: a bit like when I get lectured on Roman history on Twitter. Britain's best-known classicist Mary Beard, is also a committed and vocal feminist. With wry wit, she revisits the gender agenda and shows how history has treated powerful women. Her examples range from the classical world to the modern day, from Medusa and Athena to Theresa May and Hillary Clinton. Beard explores the cultural underpinnings of misogyny, considering the public voice of women, our cultural assumptions about women's relationship with power, and how powerful women resist being packaged into a male template. With personal reflections on her own experiences of the sexism and gendered aggression she has endured online, Mary asks: if women aren't perceived to be within the structures of power, isn't it power that we need to redefine? From the author of international bestseller SPQR: A History of Ancient Rome.


    中文本:女力告白,台北:聯經,2019

    博客來-女力告白:最危險的力量與被噤聲的歷史


    https://www.books.com.tw 


    由於 Mary Beard在書中採用許多西方的古今經典故事,書名 Women & Power 兩字眼都同樣重要,所以不應該以"女力"一語帶過。


    Winter Lectures - London Review of Books

    https://www.lrb.co.uk/winterlectures






    https://www.lrb.co.uk/winterlectures





    For ten years our annual series of Winter Lectures has brought the LRB’s lively, radical, witty and stimulating agenda to the British Museum. To celebrate this year’s season, we have removed the paywall from some of the most acclaimed lectures from previous years:
    These lectures, along with many others, can also be downloaded via our podcast; find it on iTunes, or wherever you listen to your podcasts.
    ----


    -----
    Mary Beard 在YouTube上有許多影片,都值得一聽:
    Meet the Romans with Mary Beard is a 2012 documentary written and presented by Mary Beard about the ordinary citizen of ancient Rome, the world's first metropolis.[1]

    Episode one: All Roads Lead to Rome[edit]

    Beard takes the Via Appia to Rome to show the lives of ordinary citizens in imperial times, those citizens who would be in the top seats of the Colosseum. She takes a boat to Rome's port Ostia,where imported goods come from all over the Mediterranean, and she takes us into the bowels of Monte Testaccio. She features extraordinary Romans such as Eurysaces, a baker who made a fortune in the grain trade and built his tomb in the shape of a giant bread oven; Pupius Amicus, the purple dye seller making imperial dye from shellfish imported from Tunisia; and Baricha, Zabda and Achiba, three prisoners of war who became Roman citizens.
    UK viewing figures: 1.97 million [2]
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rggk_H3jEgw

    Episode two: Street life[edit]

    She goes into the streets to discover the dirt, crime, sex and slum conditions in the world's first high-rise city where the poorer you were the higher you lived with little space, light, or sanitation. Rooms that were only slept in forced the poor to go outdoors into the city streets to eat, wash, get water and go to the lavatory. She looks at the Forum as a place of gamblers, dentists, thieves, prostitutes and rent boys. A huge wall separated the rich from the poor in their wooden tenements that often caught fire with no proper fire service to put them out. At night the streets were a mugger's paradise with no police force. Politicians who tried to provide social services were murdered lest they become too popular.
    UK viewing figures: 1.87 [2]
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9JFw8M4PBUI

    Episode three: Behind Closed Doors[edit]

    To learn about their family life, Beard looks at the thousands of tombstones of ordinary Romans, their children and slaves. Unwanted babies were left outside to die. Of the children that were wanted, half died by the age of ten. Children were put to work at manual labour as soon as they were able, often from the age of five. Schooling for the few would be, boys only, learning to read and write, public speaking, and poetry. Many girls were married at the age of twelve. One tombstone belonged to a 16-year-old girl murdered by her husband. Childbirth was equally dangerous with the tools available at the time. Slaves were regarded as part of the family and used as sex slaves. Masters and mistresses often married their freed slaves; other slaves were buried in the same tomb as their masters.
    UK viewing figures: 2.00 [2]
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UvG0LDeYBA
    References[edit]


    49:13
    In this programme, Mary asks not what the Romans did for us, but what the empire did for Rome. She rides the Via Appia, climbs ...


    英文台語對照 富蘭克林自傳

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    The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin is the traditional name for the unfinished record of his own life written by Benjamin Franklin from 1771 to 1790; however, Franklin himself appears to have called the work his Memoirs. Although it had a tortuous publication history after Franklin's death, this work has become one of the most famous and influential examples of an autobiography ever written.
    未提供相片說明。
    圖像裡可能有文字

    曲水回眸:小思訪談錄

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    這本訪談錄是香港文化的精華。



    香港中文大學(中大)於即日至10月31日舉辦「曲水回眸:小思眼中的香港」展覽。是次展覽由香港文學研究中心與中大大學圖書館合辦,展出香港知名作家及香港文學 ...
    曲水回眸: 小思訪談錄(上).  作者: 香港中文大學香港文學研究中心. 分類: 中國文學批評史. 關鍵字: 中國文學批評史>小思>訪談.

    本書名為「曲水回眸」,乃取王羲之〈蘭亭集序〉中「曲水流觴」的意境──縱然香港沒有曲水,可是幾十年社會變遷、人情世俗更替、舊友新知相與、各人受授欣喜,種種 ...




    溫教授幾年前講過類似的遺憾




    追記張旺山教授簡介狄爾泰;羅時瑋讀書; Wilhelm Dilthey《體驗與創作》

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    追記張旺山教授簡介狄爾泰;羅時瑋讀書; Wilhelm Dilthey《體驗與創作》

    「狄爾泰」(Wilhelm Dilthey, 1833-1911)


    275 漫談貝聿銘的羅浮宮增建 2019-04-11 李瑞鈺 建築師
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fU9DmiITsPU&t=298s
    276 狄爾泰(Wilhelm Dilthey, 1833-1911)by 張旺山教授 2019-04-11
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zi1UDApvkvw&t=16s

    其他如大度山風雲、工藝:顏水龍(1903~1997),以後再說。

    Hanching Chung的 4 月11日動態回顧











    276 狄爾泰(Wilhelm Dilthey, 1833-1911)by 張旺山教授 2019-04-11
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zi1UDApvkvw&t=16s
    內有Hans找出的
    狄爾泰的歷史解釋理論 - YLib 遠流博識網https://www.ylib.com/book_cont.aspx?BookNo=L6026狄爾泰的歷史解釋理論是他全部思想中影響最為深遠的部分,本書精煉地描述出與這一理論相關的生平史、思想史甚至概念史。作者也加入個人評論,並且嘗試將狄爾 ...
    羅時瑋教授當日深受張旺山教授的啟發,回東海讀書:
    再來要好好研究下狄爾泰
    感謝張旺山的開門
    SW
    上次提到還欠完成的一本書,
    針對目前55歲上下的建築師作品,
    我給出的主題是「以地方為前綫」,
    後來想到加入七等生、吳增榮、朱銘,
    就覺得「脈絡」更清楚了。
    這樣的類「歷史意識」讓我較看清
    自己在做什麼,那天有機會認識狄爾泰,
    是很獨特的機緣,深入他的著作於我是
    不可能的,但想努力能懂到會引用來發展
    出建築觀點,就可以是再一段時日的目標了。









    ******
    讀《體驗與創作》鍾漢清

    2019年的狄爾泰作品,我選擇他的文學批評名著《體驗與創作》。這本書的範圍雖然以德國浪漫主義為主,不過,談歌德時,間談莎士比亞、盧梭等等,牽涉很多(蒙田、G. Bruno......),所以我只能陪哲人讀讀書。
    由於我只能讀英文和中文翻譯的部分,所以近似以管窺天。為何還要這樣談呢?因未邁出幾部,總比不行動還好。


    由中譯本的目錄 ,可了解主要的對象:
    譯者導讀
    第一版前言
    關於第二版和第三版

    近代歐洲文學的進程
    戈特霍爾德・埃夫賴姆・萊辛
    成型歲月;美學理論和創造性的評論;萊辛的新戲劇;同神學作鬥爭;萊辛的世界觀價
    他的理論著作《拉奧孔》和《漢堡劇評》為討論美學和文學理論的原則制定了標準。都有中譯本;
    G. E. Lessing (萊辛) 1766 的 Laocoön ,有朱光潛中譯【拉奧孔】,北京:人民文学/商務
    綜論他的成就的,有

    LESSING - LECTURE ON A MASTER MIND, 1957 by E. H. Gombrich (Author),收入專書:Tributes. Interpreters of our Cultural Tradition.有中譯本




    Wiki中文譯本[編輯]

    • 《拉奧孔》,朱光潛/譯,人民文學出版社,1979年,ISBN 7-02-002508-0
    • 《漢堡劇評》,張黎/譯,上海譯文出版社,2002年,ISBN 753272861
    • 《歷史與啟示:萊辛神學文選》,朱雁冰/譯,華夏出版社,2006年,ISBN 7-5080-3969-6
    • 《萊辛劇作七種》,李健鳴/譯,華夏出版社,2007年,ISBN 7-5080-4167-4


    剧作七种 = Lessings sieben Theaterstücke

    Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim 1729-1781.; 萊辛 (Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, 1729-1781);
    2007.
    Hermes.; 萊辛注疏集. [3]

    历史与启示 : 神学文选

    Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, 1729-1781.; 萊辛 (Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, 1729-1781);
    2006.
    Hermes.; 莱辛注疏集. [1]









    智者纳坦 : 硏究版
    Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, 1729-1781.; 萊辛 (Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, 1729-1781);
    2011.
    萊辛注疏集. [5]; Classici et commentarii. Lessings opera cum commentariis. [5]

    可在 總圖書館 Main Library 總圖2F人社資料區 (147.42 4403 [v.5])獲得






    歌德和文學創作的想像
    生活;文學創作的想像;歌德的文學創作的想像;生活經歷和文學創作;莎士比亞;盧梭;歌德

    柯慈《少年時》/ ( Youth: Scenes from Provincial Life II) (2002) By J. M. Coetzee)著 ; 鄭明萱譯,台北市:時報文化,, 2004[民93]書前語錄歌德的話:要想了解詩人,當先造訪他的家鄉。



    狄爾泰這百來頁的"歌德論",說他"以詩情詩為基礎",最重要的是《浮士德》上下2部與《威廉·邁斯特的學習年代》《威廉·邁斯特的漫遊年代》等。


    葉 《歌德學術史研究·精神科學視閾中的文學史研究---論狄爾泰《歌德與文學創作的想像》》譯林出版社,2013,頁99~112,有摘要。
    他對於《體驗與創作》的讚許,參考該書249~50等

    我認為這本書除了沒收入Walter Benjamin 對歌德《親和力的研究之外,大體包括德、法論歌德的大要,連鍾肇政的《史懷德傳》中接受法蘭克福「歌德獎」

    Goethe Prize - Wikipedia 

     的說法,都包括進來了,這牽引出另外一問題,或許該摘述各得獎人的「歌德作品之欣賞」,譬如說,


    目錄
    第一章:緒論
    第一節:歌德學在德國語境之形成及其學術機構化歷程:兼及「歌德學」的世界擴張
    第二節:接受史與學術史之區分——學術史研究的思想史視閾拓展
    第三節:基本思路、已有基礎和研究預期:「歌德學」之研究的世界眼光與本土問題
    第二章:「歌德學」的預備階段:同代人的批評與19世紀中期的接受史
    第一節:古典同仁的闡釋:以席勒為例
    第二節:浪漫思脈的歌德批評:以施萊格爾為中心
    第三節:啟蒙思脈的闡釋:以黑格爾為中心
    第三章:19世紀后期「歌德學」的建立
    第一節:歌德學概念的溯源及其學術建制內生成
    第二節:自然科學范式與實證主義研究——謝勒爾《歌德學》的學術史意義
    第三節:精神科學視閾中的文學史研究——論狄爾泰《歌德與文學創作的想象》
    第四章:20世紀上半期的歌德學
    第一節:威廉帝國后期的歌德學:赫克爾、西美爾、宮多爾夫的三分路徑
    第二節:魏瑪共和時代的歌德學:李凱爾特的文化科學導向、科爾夫的精神史研究與本雅明的批評家立場
    第三節:第三帝國時代的歌德學——彼得遜的親納粹立場、埃姆里希的心靈流亡與卡西爾的綜合性闡釋
    第五章:1945—2005:戰后六十年的歌德學
    第一節:未分裂的德國及其歌德闡釋
    第二節:東西合集時代的歌德學路徑:社會史研究、意識形態批判與接受美學
    第三節:共和國的精神象征:1990年后統一德國的歌德學
    第六章:歌德學研究的學術史意義
    第一節:研究范式的遷變:主流、繼承與求新
    第二節:社會語境的制約:民族、時代與文化
    第三節:學者主體與學者素養:學養、見地與通感
    第七章:結語
    第一節:學術視野中的「專題史脈絡」:通論學術如何可能?
    第二節:傳統的確立與后人的方向——中國歌德學學術史的梳理
    第三節:社會科學理論的辨析:東方他者與中國學術的「國際對話空間」
    后記
    附錄一 重要文獻
    附錄二 人名中外文對照及索引
    附錄三 書、報、刊、篇名中外文對照及索引
    附錄四 專有名詞和表達中外文對照及索引


    英譯詩參考資料:

    Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Goethe’s Works, vol. 1 (Poems) [1885]

    https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/goethe-goethes-works-vol-1-poems/simple#lf0841-01_head_523




    啊,獨步天下的酸麵菌,歌德筆下的翩翩少年維特,形容它擁有「啟動生命」(Der Sauerteig, der mein Leben in Bewegung setzt,…)的神奇能量。楊夢茹《少年維特的煩惱》等,著有《從憂鬱到豐美:歌德的精彩人生》。

    狄爾泰認為哥德是莎士比亞之後最偉大的詩人。 

    2018年3月12日上午7:38以前,某校的圖書館是台灣開架制的先驅;60年代的省立台中圖書館雖然閉架,每天只能借1本,我高一還是看了300本,包括原版的Animal Farm。
    每個人對開架制的受益情形不同,有的人在暑假,看館藏報紙的連載武俠小說......我恰恰看一本可借出的《牛津英語大辭典》(O.E.D.),令人嘆為觀止......
    昨天有位朋友說,他去賓大讀博士,第一要務是看完全套的Playboy.....以後也給老父看許多清涼的照片.....,可惜他父親還沒看完全套的,就過世了!
    (神很公平,那位偉大的諾貝爾物理學獎得主Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar 1910~95生前希望看完莎士比亞全集,志未酬!參見Truth and Beauty. Aesthetics and Motivations in Science,有中譯 )





    圖像裡可能有文字

    圖像裡可能有文字




    THE SUBLIME TYPE.
    THE sun, whom Grecians Helios call,
    His heavenly path with pride doth tread,
    And, to subdue the world’s wide all,
    Looks round, beneath him, high o’er head.
    [207]
    He sees the fairest goddess pine,
    Heaven’s child, the daughter of the clouds,—
    For her alone he seems to shine;
    In trembling grief his form he shrouds,
    Careless for all the realms of bliss,—
    Her streaming tears more swiftly flow:
    For every pearl he gives a kiss,
    And changeth into joy her woe.
    She gazeth upward fixedly,
    And deeply feels his glance of might,
    While, stamp’d with his own effigy,
    Each pearl would range itself aright.
    Thus wreath’d with bows, with hues thus grac’d,
    With gladness beams her face so fair,
    While he, to meet her, maketh haste,
    And yet, alas! can reach her ne’er.
    So, by the harsh decree of Fate,
    Thou movest from me, dearest one;
    And were I Helios e’en, the Great,
    What would avail his chariot-throne?



    未提供相片說明。


    "No doubt you are right, my best of friends, there would be far less suffering amongst mankind, if men—and God knows why they are so fashioned—did not employ their imaginations so assiduously in recalling the memory of past sorrow, instead of bearing their present lot with equanimity."
    —from THE SORROWS OF YOUNG WERTHER (1774)





    諾瓦利斯
    青年時代(1772―1797);新的發展(1797一1799);他的世界觀的形成;文學創作的高峰和死亡


    All Time Best Romantic Novels 20: The Blue Flower
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pfqIbPqJD3M

    憂傷藍花 / 蓓納蘿.費兹吉羅(Penelope Fitzgerald)著 ; 陳蒼多譯此作者有意思:多才多藝,生卒年代與H. A. Simon同;生日與胡適之先生同;台灣的陳蒼多譯過她的兩本小說;
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope_FitzgeraldPenelope Fitzgerald (17 December 1916 – 28 April 2000) was a Booker Prize–winning English novelist, poet, essayist and biographer.[1] In 2008, The Times included her in a list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".[2] In 2012, The Observer named her final novel, The Blue Flower, as one of "the ten best historical novels".[3]


    台灣譯本:
    書店 / 蓓納蘿. 費滋吉羅(Penelope Fitzgerald)著 ; 陳蒼多譯
    臺北縣三重市 : 新雨, 2001[民90]
    憂傷藍花 / 蓓納蘿.費兹吉羅(Penelope Fitzgerald)著 ; 陳蒼多譯
    臺北縣三重市 : 新雨, 2002[民91]


    ntu圖書館還書借書:圖書館的編目很怪異,Penelope Fitzgerald的Everyman's Library小說一處
    The bookshop ; The gate of angels ; The blue flower / Penelope Fitzgerald ; with an introduction by Frank Kermode 
    London : Everyman Publishers, 2001
    ,我還以為該管有整套的在密集書庫,其實只放一本。另外一本找不到
    The means of escape / Penelope Fitzgerald
    Boston : Houghton Mifflin, 2000
    2本都要詢問處小姐幫忙。

    朋友
    我在找書翻譯。
    幾天前我才知道英國知名作家 Penelope Fitzgerald,陳蒼多十多年翻譯他2本小說--新雨出版公司。
    我讀過名家寫她的訃聞,對她的平常心很喜歡。
    她大器晚成 (五十多歲)的第一本書。
    Edward Burne-Jones / Penelope Fitzgerald
    Stroud : Sutton, 2003 (平裝本,似乎是1975年初版)
    晚上花點時間讀第一章,11頁 (寫出生到進牛津大學前),雖然看懂,不過如果要翻譯它,十分之一處要詳查。
    Edward Burne-Jones / Penelope Fitzgerald
    Stroud : Sutton, 2003 (平裝本,似乎是1975年初版)
    晚上花點時間讀第一章,11頁 (寫出生到進牛津大學前),雖然看懂,不過如果要翻譯它,十分之一處要詳查。
    憂傷藍花 The blue flower / 蓓納蘿.費兹吉羅(Penelope Fitzgerald)著 ; 陳蒼多譯
    臺北縣三重市 : 新雨, 2002[民91]
    陳譯在開始的"作者的話" (AUTHOR'S NOTE 作者註)就有一嚴重錯誤:The Description of an operation without an anaesthetic is mostly taken from....
    "沒用麻醉劑的手術之描述主要根據....."陳譯為:"書中真實而不加美化地描述手術的場景....."。

    Penelope Fitzgerald was born Penelope Knox in Lincoln, England on this day in 1916.
    "The frame of mind, however, is everything. Given that, one can have a very satisfactory party all by oneself."
    --from "The Bookshop" (1978)
    Penelope Fitzgerald, who died in 2000, emerged late in life as one of the most remarkable English writers of the last century. She began her writing career in 1975 at the age of fifty-nine, and over the next two decades she published three biographies, nine novels, and a collection of short stories. Now three of her acclaimed novels are gathered here in one volume. The Bookshop is a postwar tragicomedy of manners, set in an isolated seaside town where an enterprising woman opens a bookstore only to find it beset by poltergeists, weather, and hostile townsfolk. The Gate of Angels is an Edwardian romance within a novel of ideas: a young doctor devoted to science and to his all-male Cambridge college finds his life and views disrupted by a nurse named Daisy. The Blue Flower, which won the National Book Critics Circle Award, revitalizes historical drama through the story of Novalis, an eighteenth-century German romantic poet and visionary genius, and his unlikely love affair with a simple child-woman. These three novels all display Fitzgerald’s characteristic wit, intellectual breadth, and narrative brilliance, applied to an array of traditional forms into which she breathed new life.


    Novalis 的作品還有中譯本:



    弗里德里希・荷爾德林
    家鄉和最初的韻文遊戲;青年歲月。人類理想贊;生命的成熟,長篇小說《許佩里翁》;悲劇《恩培多克勒》;詩;結局


    弗里德里希.荷爾德林(1770―1843),德國詩人。十四歲開始寫詩,年過三十便精神失常。他的詩歌大量使用精巧、自由的表達,大膽的隱喻,以及對傳統準則的突破,使他成為德國現代詩歌的先驅。荷爾德林生前默默無聞,死後作品才逐漸為人所知,尤其是進入二十世紀后,尼采和海德格爾等哲學家和詩人對他的評價越來越高,視其為精神導師。


    《體驗與創作》這部分也超過百頁。
    附識
    讀《體驗與創作》之後,先讀《海德格爾文集:荷爾德林詩的闡釋(作者: (德)海德格爾 出版社:商務印書館 2014)中的三首,先自己想,不要讀"闡述"......)


    增訂第四版前言
    第二版前言
    《返鄉——致親人》
    荷爾德林和詩的本質
    《如當節日的時候》
    《追憶》
    荷爾德林的大地和天空
    詩歌
    附錄重復演說時的開場白
    荷爾德林詩歌朗誦唱片前言
    工作場所一瞥
    說明
    編者后記
    漢德對照荷爾德林作品目錄



    海德格爾對詩人荷爾德林詩歌的闡釋,在很大程度上推動了二十世紀的「荷爾德林熱」,也使得「海德格爾與荷爾德林」成為當代哲學和詩學的一個重要論題。海德格爾認為自己的思想與荷爾德林的詩歌處於一種「非此不可的關系」中,並且說荷爾德林是一位「指向未來、期待上帝」的詩人,因而不能僅僅被處理為文學史研究的一個對象。海德格爾明言,他對荷爾德林詩的探討,並不是做文學史的考證工作,也不是做荷氏詩歌的「入門」或「導讀」之類,而是出於「思想的必然性」。


    --

    《荷爾德林書信選》北京:經濟日報出版社,2001/出版社:中華工商聯合出版社2018

    可了解傳主在清明時期的某些思想和面貌。尊席勒,近乎神明;在席勒處偶遇歌德,卻失之交臂......

    本書輯錄了德國有名詩人荷爾德林的66封書信,這些書信分別出自其生活的不同時期,但自成一體,從中我們不難看到這位偉大詩人的複雜情感與豐富思想。他在對日常生活事件的敘述中所呈現出的特殊思維方式,可以看作是其偉大詩作中所散發睿智的一個極為重要的補充。書信的平易與筆調的流暢更為我們直接進入詩人內心深處提供了一扇方便之門。





    Friedrich Engels, 《英國工人階級狀況》;( Friedrich) Engels By David McLellan 恩格斯傳; 烏克蘭的恩格斯雕像,胡不魂歸曼徹斯特。傾向性

    $
    0
    0

    汪增棋 揉麵--談語言
    (我們對馬列的文章,讀得太少。)
    圖像裡可能有文字




    胡志刚 - 2015
    恩格斯阐明两个重要的文艺理论问题 1885年底,恩格斯在致敏娜∙考茨基的一封信中, ... 性与艺术性、倾向性与真实性的统一问题,另一个是人物的共性与个性统一问题。



    A champagne-loving industrialist and a radical revolutionary, Friedrich Engels led a colourful life full of contradictions.
    Download/listen: 📻 https://bbc.in/2wiU8YP


    Karl Marx is often named as one of the most important thinkers of the 19th century. But it was Friedrich Engels, his co-author and friend, who edited Marx's works after his death and opened them up to much more radical interpretations


    Engels was born on November 28th 1820
    ECONOMIST.COM



    #英國工人階級狀況”一書是弗·恩格斯1844年9月-1845年3月在巴門寫成的。恩格斯在英國居住期間(1842年11月-1844年8月)研究了英國無產階級的生活條件,他本來打算在他計劃寫的英國社會史中分出一章來說明這個問題,但是恩格斯為了要說明無產階級在資產階級社會中的特殊作用,便決定專門寫一本書來研究英國工人階級狀況。
      本書的德文第一版在1845年在萊比錫出版,德文第二版在1892年出版。那時經作者同意的本書英譯本已出過兩版(1887年紐約版和1892年倫敦版)。恩格斯在準備出本書的新版時,並沒有做任何重大的修改。但是在1887年“美國版附錄”(這篇附錄的內容後來幾乎完全包括在1892年的英文版和德文版的序言中)中,恩格斯認為必須告訴讀者:不應當把“英國工人階級狀況”這本書當做一本成熟的馬克思主義的著作。他這樣寫道:“……在本書中到處都可以發現現代社會主義從它的祖先之一即德國古典哲學起源的痕跡。例如本書(特別是在末尾)大力強調:共產主義不純粹是工人階級的黨的學說,而且是一種理論,其最終目的就是把連同資本家在內的整個社會從現存關係的狹窄的範圍中解放出來。這個論斷在抽象的意義下是正確的,然而在實踐中卻是無益的,甚至多半是有害的。既然有產階級不但自己不感到有任何解放的需要,而且以全力反對工人階級的自我解放,那末工人階級就應當單獨地準備和進行社會革命。”接著,恩格斯就解釋,為什麼他在1845年所做的“英國將在最近發生社會革命”的預言沒有證實。他認為,1848年以後憲章運動的低潮和英國工人運動中機會主義的暫時勝利是與英國工業壟斷世界市場有直接聯繫的,並且他確信,一旦英國喪失了壟斷地位,“社會主義將重新在英國出現”。——編者註

    圖像裡可能有一或多人、大家站著、天空和戶外
    中文馬克思主義文庫
    6小時
    【報導一則:恩格斯回到了曼徹斯特市!】
    馬克思一生摯友和革命夥伴恩格斯,回到了英國曼徹斯特!2017年7月17日,曼徹斯特市國際節的活動高潮,為市中心特托尼威爾遜廣場(Tony Wilson Place)豎立的恩格斯雕像進行揭幕儀式。
    這座雕像原本是在烏克蘭,因為後來右派政府上台而被拆除。 英國藝術家菲爾·柯林斯(Phil Collins),在烏克蘭東北部的哈爾科夫(Kharkiv)市發現了這座被遺棄的雕像,經過繁瑣的法律程序,終於成功將雕像帶離烏克蘭,安放在一架平板大卡車穿越歐洲最後回到了曼徹斯特。
    恩格斯在曼市住了20年,目睹了新興資本主義生產的巨大發展,但同時也目睹資本主義的種種罪惡及剝削的一面,而寫下了名著《英國工人階級狀況》。
    《英國工人階級狀況》全書連結:
    https://www.marxists.org/chinese/engels/1844-1845/index.htm
    照片來源:美國《雅各賓雜誌》(Jacobin magazine)臉書







    David McLellan 1977恩格斯傳北京:中國人民大學,2017


    Friedrich Engels was a German philosopher, social scientist, journalist, and businessman. He founded Marxist theory together with Karl Marx. Wikipedia
    BornNovember 28, 1820, Barmen, Germany
    DiedAugust 5, 1895, London, United Kingdom

    The state is nothing but an instrument of opression of one class by another - no less so in a democratic republic than in a monarchy.
    All history has been a history of class struggles between dominated classes at various stages of social development.
    An ounce of action is worth a ton of theory.


    烏克蘭的恩格斯雕像,胡不魂歸曼徹斯特。
    https://www.ft.com/content/205105fc-67c3-11e7-9a66-93fb352ba1fe

    Back on his pedestal: the return of Friedrich Engels A socialist resurgence has revived the radicalism of the German Marxist thinker. Now the artist Phil Collins is bringing his statue back to the British city he called home Share on Twitter (opens new window) Share on Facebook (opens new window) Share on LinkedIn (opens new window) 6 Save 15 HOURS AGO by: John Lloyd The artist Phil Collins wanted to bring Friedrich Engels back to Manchester where, in the mid-19th century, he had lived for two decades. The German Marxist thinker established the first great industrial city in the annals of communist history with his excoriating 1845 polemic The Condition of the Working Class in England. But in the 171 years since his death, Manchester forgot about him. Collins told me his search for Engels was a “dream”. And it came true: he found him lying face down in the earth, long neglected, behind a creamery in Mala Pereshchepina, a few hours from the north-eastern Ukrainian city of Kharkiv. He was a man of two halves, sawn through at the waist, mouldy, unlovely, cast in concrete. His sorry condition told a wider story. After the Soviet Union emerged from the terror-driven idealism of the Stalinist era, party leader Leonid Brezhnev sought to hold up the USSR as a “developed” socialist state. Other gods were put into place: Lenin statuary was displayed everywhere, as were busts of Karl Marx and, less frequently, his friend and funder Engels. All gazed purposefully into the future. This one had been erected in 1970 and stood stonily in the village for several decades, a gentleman of the Victorian era in frock coat and long beard. Phil Collins in Zaporizhia, Ukraine with a statue of Vladimir Lenin that he was ultimately unable to bring back to the UK © Nikiforov Yevgen The collapse of Soviet communism two decades later saw many come off their pedestals — a culling that was more or less total in the satellite states. Some remained in the Russified areas of eastern Ukraine; but in 2015, as the conflict between Russia and Ukraine continued, an increasingly anti-Russian government decreed that Soviet symbols must be removed, pro-Soviet speech banned and even the singing of Soviet-era songs forbidden. So Collins, previously nominated for the Turner Prize for a video about people whose lives had been ruined by appearing on reality TV, came upon the object of his search when it was at a literal low point in its concrete existence. He and two Russian-speaking aides, Anya Harrison and Olga Borissova, had begun their search in August last year, sensibly enough, in the city of Engels, on the Volga. There they found a statue, also concrete, still standing amid the ruin of the meatpacking plant that had commissioned it. But the local authority, at first helpful, later proved fearful of giving the icon to foreigners at a time of east-west tension. It referred the decision to a court: a decision is still pending. With time running against them, the searchers moved on to the Belarusian city of Vitebsk, where they found a triptych statue — an Asian woman, an African man, with a white young man between them, embracing both, expressing the theme of brotherhood (and less overtly, Soviet leadership). Collins was tempted but it, too, was denied a visa. Collins with a statue of Engels that did not come back to the UK © Nikiforov Yevgen Finally they came to Mala Pereshchepina, where the local authorities were only too glad to get rid of what was by now a legally toxic artefact. In mid-May this year, the two-tonne, near-four-metre-high cement behemoth was loaded on to a flatbed truck to be trundled across Europe, to the city of Engels’ epiphany. This Sunday evening, when it is unveiled outside Home, a big modern arts building in Manchester largely funded by the city council, Collins’ quest will finally be at an end. The artist’s timing is impeccable. June’s UK general election saw a surge of support for the Labour party led by the far-left Jeremy Corbyn. Like Bernie Sanders in last year’s US Democratic primaries, this ageing socialist appealed first of all to the young. Marxism, which had been read the last rites by many, has found new life, reuniting its long-lonely intellectuals and academic advocates with the masses. The French economist Thomas Piketty’s 2013 book Capital in the Twenty-First Century, a self-conscious echo of Marx, was a huge seller. Commentators on the left are making connections between what Engels wrote and contemporary society. Writing in the Guardian after the fire at the Grenfell Tower block of flats in London, Aditya Chakrabortty explicitly linked the tragedy with The Condition of the Working Class, stating Britain “remains a country that murders its poor”. In such narratives, modern despair and marginalisation are laid at the feet of capitalism. The brutality of regimes working under Marxist rules — dramatised this week by the death of China’s most prominent dissident Liu Xiaobo, a few days after his release from long imprisonment — fades to the background. Collins believes that Engels is a writer “with whom we can engage today, with the questions he raises. He isn’t to be confined to his time and forgotten.” Engels’ writing shocked the Victorians. In The Condition of the Working Class he stressed that Britain’s wealth and imperial power (which impressed him), was built on the degradation and endless labour of hundreds of thousands of men, women and children, living in “half or wholly ruined buildings . . . rarely a wooden or stone floor to be seen in the houses, almost uniformly broken, ill-fitting windows and doors, and a state of filth!” Karl Marx, whom Engels had known slightly before he left Germany, was said to have been bewitched by the book. A villager in Mala Pereshchepina, Ukraine, with the statue of Engels that eventually came to Manchester © Shady Lane Productions The brutal world Engels described became a backdrop to some of the era’s best-known literature. The future prime minister, Benjamin Disraeli, published Sybil in 1845; Charles Dickens brought out Hard Times in 1854 and Mrs Gaskell North and South in 1855. All expressed horror at the human cost of industrialism, though with much more sentimentality and much less detail. Even now, when — for all the excesses of capitalism — the stark exploitation Engels evoked has disappeared in the western world, The Condition of the Working Class is an uncomfortable read. The homelessness of the rising generation; the precariousness of freelance work; the feared mass unemployment once artificial replaces human intelligence; the long, spiky tail of the banking collapse of 2008; the end of the postwar expectation that children will ascend further and richer than their parents — these are plausibly presented by the left as a 21st-century equivalent of the Condition of the Working, and even Middle Class of England, and the rest of the capitalist world. Looking out from Home’s café on to the space where Engels will finally rest — and remain — Sarah Perks, the centre’s artistic director for visual arts, tells me that discussion points will be created around the statue’s base to encourage viewers to become participants: “We want to try to understand what the equivalent hardships to those described by Engels would be for today’s working class.” *** Collins intersects with Engels in two ways. Born in the Cheshire port of Runcorn, he works mainly in Manchester. He also has a home in the North Rhine-Westphalia city of Wuppertal, where Engels was born to a pious and wealthy manufacturing family, mainly in the dyestuffs trade (he was already a fledgling socialist when sent by his despairing father to Manchester to work at one of his part-owned subsidiaries in the city). Moving the statue © Shady Lane Productions More than most contemporary artists on the left, Collins shows a strong sympathy for the communist era: one of his films, Marxism Today, is composed of tender interviews with former teachers of Marxism-Leninism in East Germany who were rendered unemployable by its collapse. “When the wall fell, there was also a collapse of something which had been solidarity, co-operative working: individualism flourished,” he says. First and foremost, though, he is engaged in an ironic, post-modernist project. He has taken an icon rejected by a recently socialist state as a sign of imperialist oppression to give it an honoured place in Manchester, the birthplace of industrial capitalism and of free trade. He sees Manchester as a city imbued with a kind of generic leftism: “There’s a Mancunian spirit of radicalism, an interest in politics and what it can do for people if properly managed.” He is most interested in “those who have been occluded from society or history” as Engels was in Manchester, where there is no statue to commemorate him. He thought it necessary to place him back in the city which he had described so graphically, to provide a contrast to the statues of local figures, some of whom — like Richard Cobden and John Bright, the proponents of free trade — were major national figures. On the long trip back from Ukraine to Manchester, he found that the huge, grubby, sundered statue “became a revelation: I felt more connected with him, he became suddenly real. It’s very alive — its physiognomy changed, depending on how it was placed, on the ground, or on the truck, or in the old train depot (its temporary home in Manchester).” The trip, which Collins filmed, featured a number of organised setpieces. In Kharkiv, a reception was arranged. “There were schoolchildren, and a teacher gave a lesson about Marx and Engels, Manchester and its importance, the Soviet Union, and the process of de-communisation. Then a girls’ choir, all in white, stood up on the truck and sang a Soviet-era song called ‘The Jolly Wind’ (presumably in defiance of the law), as they waved goodbye.” A choir of schoolchildren in Kharkiv, where a reception was arranged for the statue © Shady Lane Productions At Rosa Luxemburg Platz in Berlin (named after the communist activist murdered in the city in 1919) actors and others — many from the Volksbühne, or People’s Theatre — put on a show. There were speeches by academics belonging to the “accelerationist” school — a protean thought system with left and right branches, whose basis is the desire to speed up technological change to accelerate social transformation. The trip and the project display the artist’s ability to draw in myriad influences and strands, from kitsch through social realism and Soviet sentimentality for the loss of an authoritarianism they had experienced as security. Collins believes that, in the collapse of communism, “Something had been lost. The usual prism through which we saw, say, the East German society, was so strong that we didn’t see the ordinary; it frustrated our ability to see the day-to-day life.” He believes his Engels project “points to the fact we can have different kinds of statues here. It’s a found object, not something specially made. It’s transformative. It’s one kind of history coming back into the forge that created it.” *** The indifference of Manchester to Engels was noted by the former Labour MP Tristram Hunt in his fine biography, The Frock-Coated Communist. He found an Engels House on a council estate, where the residents complain of damp. In 2014, when the university in neighbouring Salford had the Engine Arts Theatre Company build a five-metre-high fibreglass Engels bust in which his vast beard was a climbing frame, one reviewer described it “as having all the intelligence and subtlety of making a see-saw shaped like Marx’s bum boils”. Things are changing, according to Jonathan Schofield, who writes about the city and conducts tours. Schofield thinks Manchester, along with other Midlands and northern cities, is shaking off its subaltern deference to London. “The provincial cities in the 19th century were more important than London. Now you’re finding a reawakening of civic pride: coming into their own again,” he says. He does a Marx and Engels tour that takes in Chetham’s Library, the oldest free library in the UK, opened in the mid-17th century through the bequest of Humphrey Chetham, a local merchant. “It’s the only building left where Engels definitely was. He worked with Marx at a table, still there, with the books they both used. When I take Chinese visitors to see it, some of them cry.” Vinnie Gavin (right) and his son Scott Gavin of 'Stone Central' work on restoring the statue of Friedrich Engels in Manchester in July © Greg Funnell For all the mass murders committed in their name, Marx and Engels continue to loom large today, not just in the consciousness of lachrymose visitors from China — where they remain on their pedestals. Their ideas are being revived beyond the lecture room. They represent a way not taken, a revolution betrayed. And on Sunday evening, Manchester’s first communist will be unveiled on a capitalist pedestal at last. John Lloyd is an FT contributing editor Photographs: Greg Funnell; Yevgen Nikiforov


    一本讀懂 川端康成 (日本新潮文庫)

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    一本讀懂川端康成:諾貝爾獎得主竟如此情色!

    文豪ナビ 川端康成
















    內容簡介

    日本文壇的「魔翁」,凝視人類最深層的慾望,
    濃烈的日式美感與情慾描寫,
    引導讀者進入全新感官體驗的魔幻之境。

      首位獲得諾貝爾文學獎的日本文豪——川端康成
      「新感覺派」旗手,以銳利目光凝視自然與人的宿命,
      纖細且哀憐的筆觸,日式傳統情懷之美全濃縮在這一本。


      五感閱讀新體驗!全方位讀懂川端康成!
      首創日語朗讀日本文豪原著聆賞


      【這種心情讀川端康成最適合】【十五分鐘鳥瞰川端文學】【十分鐘名著小閱讀】
      【美文朗讀聆賞】【當代名家跨時代共鳴】【文學生命深度剖析】【川端康成特別專欄】

      文壇各領域專家傾力打造————
      石田衣良(知名暢銷作家)、角田光代(知名暢銷作家)、梁蘊嫻(日本文學研究家)、
      齋藤孝(明治大學文學系教授)、木原武一(評論作家)、島內景二(日本國文學家)

      本書帶領讀者循序漸進,深入瞭解川端康成的文學與其人。先從出道作〈伊豆的舞孃〉開始,接著欣賞最描寫不倫之旅的名作〈雪國〉,最後是〈山之音〉〈古都〉〈睡美人〉等晚期作品,全覽作家風格與心境轉折;接著欣賞濃縮原著精華的十分鐘小閱讀,實際品味川端的文字;本系列首創的原著日文朗讀聆賞,給你前所未有的閱讀新體驗。欣賞經典文學之美後,在當代名家石田衣良、角田光代與梁蘊嫻的帶領下,一同探索川端康成倍受推崇的祕密。

      石田衣良———
      關於川端的評論數量甚少,他的作品擁有一種特質,能夠溫柔地抗拒分析之刃。文藝評論展現的分析能力無法重現讓彩色玻璃燁燁生輝的重要生命——「美」。川端的作品抗拒著人們的分析,今後也會繼續高掛天空釋放不可思議的光芒吧!

      角田光代———
      川端康成對於美的信仰與崇敬並不亞於對上帝。對他而言,「美」無所不在,處處都能瞥見美的身影。美就像印記般,出現在年輕女子的肉體上、茶器上、純真無瑕的心中、情感內、人與人之間奇蹟般的關係,以及一瞬的光景裡。

      梁蘊嫻————
      川端很自然地將俳句的寫真性格帶入了小說,利用文字的力量讓讀者在腦海中產生畫面,讓讀者有很大的想像空間。川端巧妙地運用了自然的景象表現了小說人物的心情。

      齋藤孝————
      川端的文章以女性來比喻,就像是感官魅力深不可測的女人,而非只是五官標緻的美女。再怎麼努力遮眼也掩蓋不住的不可思議韻味,正是川端大師筆下文體的特色。

      島內景二———
      川端以強烈的視線觀察女人,執拗頑強地透過作品烘托出女人祕而不宣的「魔性」並加以解放。在他的作品中,男人因為永遠無法與「魔女」結合,才會製造出自己和她之間張力十足的美好關係,同時成為男人們在生活不易的世界活下去的能量。

      日本出版史上最強企畫,百年歷史新潮社跨時代突破!
      ★★★★★一本讀懂日本文豪 系列(全7冊)
      001夏目漱石:老師原來是個重度浪漫主義者呢!
      002太宰治:拿刀前先讀讀太宰吧!
      003谷崎潤一郎:愛的魔術師,喚醒你心中的危險妖獸
      004芥川龍之介:天才廚師專愛短篇料理
      005川端康成:諾貝爾獎得主竟如此情色?
      006三島由紀夫:他跑得太快了!時代只能在背後追趕他!
      007山本周五郎:深黯哭點與笑點的名家

    本系列特色


      1.百年歷史新潮社跨時代出版企畫!一本讀懂日本大文豪!
      「一本讀懂日本大文豪」系列是日本出版史上最強出版企畫,為日本最具代表性文藝出版社新潮社的跨時代突破。邀請日本文壇各領域專家傾力打造本系列,以最活潑生動的方式,幫助讀者輕鬆入門經典名著,深入了解作家風格與人生。

      2.五感閱讀新體驗!全方位深入體會經典之美。
      有別一般讀本或傳記,本系列以全方位的角度,深入剖析文豪的作品與人:
      超越時間藩籬,感動跨世代讀者【這種心情讀經典名著最適合】;
      從經典作品的演變,全覽作家風格與心境轉折的【十五分鐘鳥瞰】;
      巧妙剪裁原文,濃縮原著最精華片段的【十分鐘名著小閱讀】;
      原文&中譯&日語朗讀&重點賞析,全面體會名著之美的【美文朗讀聆賞】;
      當代名家與明治文豪激盪出的文學火花【當代名家跨時代共鳴】;
      追溯成長背景,深入探索文豪文學根源的【文學生命深度剖析】;
      漫步名作現實場景,追想文豪當時生活的【漫步文豪人生】;
      文豪人生各階段與重要著作一目瞭然的【文豪年表】。

      3.日台文壇各領域專家傾力打造,全新詮釋經典文學
      本系列製作陣容強大,包含日本當代名家:三浦紫苑、重松清、梨木香步、桐野夏生、石田衣良、角田光代、小池真理子……;學界知名研究者:齋藤孝(明治大學文學系教授)、木原武一(評論作家)、島內景二(日本國文學家);台灣各界專家:張維中(旅日知名作家)、鄭哲涵(新生代詩人)、陳銘磻(知名作家)、林水福(知名日本文學教授‧譯者)、邱振瑞(知名作家‧譯者)、梁蘊嫻(日本文學研究家)、銀色快手(知名作家‧譯者);許育惠(東吳大學日文系人氣講師)……等人,傾力打造最符合現代讀者需求,最令人耳目一新的精采內容。

      4.首創日語朗讀日本文豪原著聆賞
      野人文化為讓華語圈讀者更能體會日本文豪經典原著的聲韻之美,獨家新增「掃一下,聽朗讀」單元,特請東吳大學人氣講師許育惠老師為【美文朗讀聆賞】朗讀名著中最精采的場面,搭配中文字幕,讀者掃描書中QR CODE,即可欣賞許老師精湛生動的朗讀,體會經典名著的氛圍。

      5.全系列日式全新風格設計
      封面設計採文豪圖像+安迪沃荷風格+日系色彩處理,營造古典(文豪‧經典文學)與現代(全新詮釋)融合的全新風格。全系列七位文豪,根據其作品風格,均有其代表性日系配色,本系列將是您書架上最引人注目的收藏。

    名人推薦

      石田衣良(知名暢銷作家)、角田光代(知名暢銷作家)、梁蘊嫻(日本文學研究家)
     

    作者介紹

    作者簡介

    首位獲得諾貝爾文學獎的日本文豪 川端康成


      1899年生於大阪。東京帝國大學國文學科畢業。就讀一高時,於1918年秋天,第一次前往伊豆旅行。之後的10年,每年都會長期居留在伊豆湯之島。獲得菊池寬的理解,於1921年發行第六次《新思潮》雜誌。身為新感覺派作家,貫徹個人獨特的文學理念。1968年榮獲諾貝爾文學獎。1972年4月16日於逗子的工作室中自戕。著有〈伊豆的舞孃〉、〈雪國〉、〈古都〉、〈山之音〉、〈睡美人〉等知名作品。

    編著者簡介

    新潮文庫


      新潮社是日本最具代表性出版社之一,創立於1896年,以出版文藝類書籍而聞名。

    譯者簡介

    黃瀞瑤


      東吳日研所畢業,喜愛日語、日本文學及日本神話,也很喜歡看書買書。認為每一本書都是一個新世界,最喜歡的書籍類別是推理小說。將來的夢想是擁有一座私人牧場和私人圖書館。
     

    目錄

    卷首彩頁 這種心情讀川端康成最適合……
    超越時間藩籬,感動跨世代讀者
    想知道不倫戀是何滋味?不妨讀讀〈雪國〉
    覺得老人就該清心寡慾?你一定要讀〈睡美人〉
    曾想過另一個人生嗎?這樣的你適合〈古都〉

    15分鐘鳥瞰。川端康成全作品導覽
    從經典作品的演變,全覽作家風格與心境轉折
    讓你蛻變成為大人的〈伊豆的舞孃〉、「待君歸來的女子」所在的越後湯澤不倫之旅〈雪國〉……川端康成文學的精華都凝結其中。

    10分鐘名著小閱讀。川端康成各階段代表作精選
    巧妙剪裁原文,濃縮原著最精華片段!
    木原武一
    川端戰前代表作〈雪國〉
    川端戰後代表作〈山之音〉
    老人慾望書寫〈睡美人〉

    美文朗讀聆賞。五感品味川端康成文學的聲韻與意境
    原文&中譯&日語朗讀重點賞析
    齋藤孝

    名家共鳴。石田衣良、角田光代、梁蘊嫻與川端康成的邂逅!
    當代名家與昭和文豪激盪出的文學火花
    石田衣良 幸福的日本作家──超越阻礙的才能與努力
    角田光代 美的信徒──忠實體現「美為何物」的文學
    梁蘊嫻    川端康成的美麗與哀愁──傳統「物哀」之美的現代詮釋

    川端康成特別專欄
    專欄① 川端康成不可思議的女性觀
    專欄② 從電影看川端康成──伊豆的舞孃
    專欄③ 從電影看川端康成──雪國
    專欄④ MAP漫步伊豆舞孃步道

    文學生命深度剖析。日本的魔翁,亦為美翁──川端康成
    追溯成長背景,深入探索川端康成文學的根源
    島內景二  

    文獻列表/給想更加深入川端康成的人
    川端康成年表



    川端康成文學導論,能深入淺出,不簡單。

    汪增棋 〈揉麵--談語言〉;巴甫連科 (1899~1951)

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    怎樣學習語言?---隨時隨地。
    首先是向群眾學習。
    (舉例,一頁半)









    汪增棋 〈揉麵--談語言〉
    (我們對馬列、蘇聯等地作家的文章,讀得太少。)
    -----
    巴甫連科 (1899~1951)

    0. 作家是用手思考的。
    1.在任何一個成功的後面都有著十五年到二十年的生活經驗,都有著豐富的生活經驗,要是沒有這些經驗,任何才思敏捷恐怕也不會有,而且在這裡,恐怕任何天才也都無濟於事。
    2、不读书的家庭,就是精神上残缺的家庭。

    人物簡介編輯
    巴甫連科 (1899~1951)蘇聯俄羅斯作家。生於彼得堡一個鐵路員工家庭中學畢業後參加紅軍,1920年加入共產黨,從事過黨的工作和報刊雜誌等工作。


    代表作品編輯
    1932年發表描寫巴黎公社的長篇小說《街壘》。
    長篇小說《在東方》(1936)描寫蘇聯遠東地區的生產和國防建設。電影劇本《亞歷山大·涅夫斯基》(1938,與愛森斯坦合作)、《宣誓》(1945)、《攻克柏林》(1949)和長篇小說《幸福》(1947)均獲斯大林獎金。
    《幸福》(草嬰翻譯) 描寫衛國戰爭末期殘廢軍人伏羅巴耶夫上校在克里米亞帶領群眾重建集體農莊中所獲得的幸福。此外,還寫草嬰有電影劇本《雅科夫斯維爾德洛夫》(1940)、《作曲家格林卡》(1952),中篇小說《草原上的太陽》(1949)和國外旅行隨筆多種,以及未完成的長篇小說《和平的勞動者》等。1950至1951年曾任最高蘇維埃代表。

    一缽千家飯-- 法鼓山攝影集 2009

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    昨天在圖書館立讀《 一缽千家飯-- 法鼓山攝影集》,書太重,不宜搬回家。

    一缽千家飯」緣自唐末五代明州布袋和尚的詩偈「一缽千家飯,孤僧萬里遊,青目睹人少,問路白雲頭。」說明出家人缽盂內的米飯,是來自於千萬個家庭, ...


    Feb 1, 2009 - 書名:一缽千家飯-- 法鼓山攝影集,語言:繁體中文,ISBN:9789575984472,頁數:356,出版社:法鼓,作者:法鼓文化編輯部,出版 ...

    一缽千家飯-- 法鼓山攝影集

    • 定價:2000
     本書將法鼓山發展的歷史,以時間為軸線,以主題為貫穿,用25個主題,將近七百張照片,表現出法鼓山發展的歷程。
     

    目錄

    〔創辦人序〕
    因緣聚合成現代佛教的一頁∕聖嚴法師
    〔編者序〕
    從一個小沙彌的願開始
    〔法鼓山簡介〕
    承先啟後,繼往開來
    目錄:
    好願在人間
    來自江邊的男孩
    一場大雨的因緣
    大時代的軍旅十年
    人生因緣不可思議
    閉關山中天地長
    負笈東瀛求學路
    漢傳禪法到西方
    一脈相傳的願心
    東來西往弘法路
    創辦中華佛研所
    菩提道心,農禪家風
    觀音菩薩結的緣
    擘畫一座千年道場
    敲響法鼓的鼓手
    家家蓮社,戶戶禪堂
    開展全球據點
    十方信眾雲集
    向佛請法
    從奠基到建設
    蓋一所心靈環保的大學
    佛教教育開新頁
    開啟心中的寶山
    傳承與展望
    人間淨土法鼓山
    〔附錄〕:法鼓山大事記
     

    編者序
    從一個小沙彌的願開始
      在歷史的長河裡,曾經因著許許多多祖師大德的廣大願心,成就了佛教史上不斷出現的光輝時代。無論是西行求法、開山弘法,或是改革制度、復興門庭等,佛法的火苗就在這些大願中得以傳衍至今。
      在近代,也因著一個小沙彌的願:「願將佛法的好,讓更多人知道。」點燃起法鼓山弘化事業的火苗。當年的小沙彌,今日的聖嚴法師,集合了眾人的大願,成就了一個以「心靈環保」為核心主軸的教育團體,二十多年來,推動著淨化人心、淨化社會的使命。
      願心,匯聚成江河,這股力量,只為了實踐「提昇人的品質、建設人間淨土」的理念,更為了續佛慧命,讓正法永住。如同聖嚴法師所說:「我的生命,就是一場佛法的實踐歷程。」翻開《一缽千家飯》這本法鼓山攝影集,不但記錄了聖嚴法師一生弘法的悲願,更全面蒐集了法師從開創法鼓山,以及接引社會大眾,共同致力於推動大學院、大普化、大關懷三大教育二十多年的歷程。
      透過照片所捕捉的每個剎那,讓這些影像為我們敘述法鼓山過往的歷史。一張張的照片,串聯著一則則護法大德的故事,他們以無私的心,護持奉獻;他們以慈悲和智慧,實踐佛陀的教法。一頁頁的影像,都是一個個動人的發願故事,願心,讓生命發光,讓人間充滿希望。
      這本書的製作前後歷時三年,編輯部同仁從跨越一甲子時空的數十萬張照片中,挑選出六百多張深具歷史意義的圖片。這些照片或許泛黃斑剝,或許影像品質不佳,但都是數十年來攝影義工們的心血結晶,都是法鼓山一步一腳印,胼手胝足、艱辛開山的珍貴歷史縮影。
      布袋和尚有詩云:「一缽千家飯,孤身萬里遊;青目睹人少,問路白雲頭。」在佛陀時代,托缽是不擇對象,一律平等、廣結善緣的;而法鼓山的開山,也是本著此心,才能成就。
      藉由這本書,讓我們看到一幕幕人間菩薩的示現;藉由這本書,讓我們在感動中,也為自己發下大願。願跟隨著前人的腳步,一起為人間淨土的實現,奉獻我們自己的一份心力。也非常感謝聖嚴法師在病中,為這本書的封面題字,並口述序文。
      2009年是法鼓山創立二十週年,法鼓文化謹以此書誌慶;也為在中華佛教文化館、農禪寺時期發展以來近六十年的歲月中,所有參與法鼓山歷史的護法大德們,留下一份珍貴的回憶。


    王潔/ 王清章昆仲回憶錄

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    王潔/ 王清章昆仲回憶錄











    王清章,我輩多耳聞過,這本簡要的回憶錄,讓我們了解許多台灣發展史;王潔的長子王華燕 (本書編者)是新竹科學園區台揚科技的創辦人。

    圖像裡可能有2 個人、文字

    李劼。《豐莊記憶》五月裡的悼念;我為什麼要寫《木心論》

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    李劼
    五月里的悼念
    MP.WEIXIN.QQ.COM
    功能介绍 《山花》杂志是全国中文核心期刊,还是国内首家双重文本,即纯文学文本和视觉艺术文本,既凸显文学精神,又聚焦视觉人文新趋势,成为中国独具特色的文学艺术杂志。



    《山花》2019年第5期|| 李劼《豐莊記憶》

     李劼 山花雜誌社今天
    李劼作家,思想文化學者,文藝評論家;本名陸偉民,生於上海,畢業於華東師大中文系,並在該系執教十多年。1998年赴美,現居紐約。80年代至今,發表大量文章,在海內外出版有文學評論集《個性•自我•創造》,專著五卷本《李劼思想文化文集》,《中國文化冷風景》《百年風雨》《歷史文化的全息圖像:論〈紅樓夢〉》等;以及歷史小說《吳越春秋》《商周春秋》《漢末黨錮之謎》,長篇小說《麗娃河》《上海往事》《星河流轉》等。


    李 劼

    豐莊是個居民小區,位於上海西區,真如以西。在兒時的記憶中,真如以西全然是市郊景觀,一片片田野,春天裡滿目皆是黃燦燦的菜花。應該是從九十年代開始,那裡開始興建了一個又一個的小區。我跟父母就是在那時候,從原來的工人新村動遷搬入豐莊小區的。動遷公司給了我們三人一套兩室一廳。我當時一直在學校華師大的學生宿舍住著。那年之後,處境不佳。父母搬入新居之前,我向朋友借了錢,給新居做了裝修。
    那小區離華師大不遠,騎自行車也就二十分鐘到半小時的路程。因為習慣了校園生活,平時總是住在宿舍裡。直到出國之前的一九九七年,到豐莊跟父母住了半年左右。那年,系裡找我談話,告訴我說,我教的學生當中,向校方告發我講課有自由化傾向。並且是學生家長跟學生一起告發的。因為我那年的事情,學校認為蝨多不癢,沒當回事。結果,他們竟然告到了教育部。教育部起初以為出了什麼大事,專門派工作組到華師大調查。查過之後,才以大事化小、小事化了的方式處理了。系裡讓我停課一個學期,還再三叮囑說,千萬不要在外面說是停課,就說是備課。當然了,工資照發。
    其實,系裡知道我的講課方式,從來不需要備課的,就像我作演講一般,也像我寫作一般。他們的意思其實就是,這半年你愛幹嘛就乾嘛去吧。於是,我就去寫了兩部長篇小說,《麗娃河》《愛似米蘭》。不過,這兩部校園小說不是在校園裡寫的,而是在豐莊的家中所寫。從一九九七年的七月份,寫到一九九八年的一月份。九八年五月八日,飛抵美國,至今。這兩部小說都是在我去國之後在國內出版的。
    回想起來,這半年是我此生跟父母尤其是跟母親相處得最親密的時光。一九七三年春天,當時十八歲的我,離開上海到崇明農場上山下鄉,歷時五年半。此後考上大學回滬,一直住在校園裡。畢業後教書也住校園。讀研之後,更是沒有離開過校園。家居生活,在我是極其陌生的。可能也是因為那樣的陌生導致了我毅然決然地走出了第一次婚姻。按世俗眼光來看,那次婚姻應該算是美滿的。有位著名作家,去幫我搬家時就斬釘截鐵地對我說過,李劼,我要是你,絕對不會這麼離婚的。真是語重心長。
    去豐莊寫作時,正處在第二段婚姻裡。那是一生中最失敗的人生經歷。且按下不表。因為此刻在記憶中突然浮現的,是母親當年送我去農場的情景。記得總共兩件行李,母親非要幫我拿那個很沉重的旅行包,彷彿那樣可以減少兒子的艱辛一般。上了汽車之後,我從車窗裡看到母親愣愣地站著,彷彿生離死別一樣,頓時難受得不行。母親很內向,不擅流露自己的感情。第一次感覺到母親的溫馨,竟然是在祖母出殯之際,母親彎下腰來,替我在腰間扎白綾。平時,這些事情都是由祖母代勞的。那年,我剛滿八歲,上小學一年級。母親在給我紮白綾時的神情,悲傷裡似乎暗含有慶幸:不管怎麼說,眼前這兒子還在。我也曾經有過這樣的暗自慶幸。每每看著別人家出殯,就會慶幸自己的父母尚都健在。直到父母雙雙離世之後,才一見他人喪事,即刻悲從中來。
    豐莊新居的裝修,並不奢華,但還算乾淨。我性喜簡樸,不以花里胡哨為意。顯然,母親也滿意。每次去豐莊,母親總是笑逐顏開的。那天我帶著剛買的手提電腦,一進門,就對母親說,這次可能要住一段時間啦。言下之意,要給你添麻煩了。母親高興地回答道:這本來就是你的家呀。當時滿腦子充塞著小說的人物和細節,沒有細細體味母親的快樂心情。此刻想來,母親是巴不得我天天跟他們住在一起。
    電腦開始流行起來的時候,我不喜拼音的翻頁,故而學了五筆輸入。自此之後,手寫的時代便結束了。從那兩部長篇開始,我的所有寫作,都在電腦上完成。當時,手提電腦只有黑白屏幕,時間一長,眼睛很累。只是由於腦子裡塞得太滿太滿,顧不得了。但這讓母親看了心疼,吃飯的時候總要小聲說道,你老是這麼盯著那電腦寫呀寫的,眼睛吃得消麼?我使勁搖頭,表示沒事。母親做的飯菜,特別合我口胃。每頓飯都悶著頭大快朵頤,全然食無言。那可都是些地道的本地菜,肉燉蛋,油麵筋塞肉,百葉結紅燒肉,蔥烤鯽魚,醃篤鮮,等等。若逢春天時節,少不了我最喜歡的新鮮蠶豆,油汪汪的草頭,還有竹筍炒蛋。哎呀,此刻口水洶湧了。
    一桌三個人,父親也是個喜歡悶頭吃飯的。席間通常是平日里寡言少語的母親,話最多。同時還留心著我喜歡吃什麼菜,然後悄悄地把那碗菜推到我面前。有時,飯後我也會跟母親坐一會,陪她說說家常。此時此刻,我成了聽眾,聽著母親絮絮叨叨地說著,隔壁人家怎麼怎麼了,對家的孩子又怎麼怎麼了;還有我以前的同學怎麼怎麼了,還有以前的老鄰居搬過來後又怎麼怎麼了。我聽得很認真,只是記得的不太多。我喜歡看著母親說著說著開心地笑起來。
    母親的笑是非常美的,都是從心底里笑出;仰著臉,一臉的燦爛。有一次,她笑得特別開心,我趕緊用相機拍了下來;那張黑白照片,至今還珍藏著。
    母親顯然知道我喜歡住在校園裡,所以特別珍惜我那段住在豐莊的寫作時光。此刻想來,我有點恨自己的單通道,全身心地聚焦於小說寫作,寫完一部不過癮,又寫了第二部。很後悔沒有像母親那樣珍惜那幾個月的朝朝夕夕。我後悔沒有陪母親出去散散步,後悔沒有陪母親做做飯,後悔沒有陪母親坐坐車,觀觀光。第一次婚姻時,我想讓母親坐著飛機去北京,結果,前妻以機票比火車票貴的理由,死活不答應。此事讓我至今耿耿於懷。
    那年以後,我的稿費收入大幅度減少。只是為了讓母親高興,我裝作很有錢的模樣,經常塞點小錢給母親。母親有退休工資,並不缺錢。但我要讓她看到我活得不錯。母親似乎明白我的心思,也笑吟吟地收下了。然而,直到母親過世,我才知道,兩位老人家省吃儉用,把那些錢大都存入了銀行。母親始終不懂如何滋補,如何保養,如何珍惜自己。去國之前,我給她買過一個健身器,躺著做脊椎搖擺。每次越洋電話,我都要問一聲,還在做那個搖擺麼?她總是回復道:在做的,在做的。她那麼回复我,與其說是表明堅持鍛煉,不如說是為了讓我放心。
    母親不認字,且不說不知道我在寫些什麼,恐怕連小說是怎麼回事,都不知就裡。但她顯然知道她這個兒子是怎麼回事。記得上山下鄉之前,報紙上大肆宣傳一個知青如何為了搶救幾根被稱作國家財產的爛木頭而光榮犧牲的英雄事蹟。父親和叔父兩兄弟很興奮地談論著那個光榮的知青,聊著聊著,把目光轉向我,然後一起搖頭,嘆息道:唉,阿拉偉民,差得太遠了。他們說得我去了農場之後,有一段時間,一直盼著能夠有個光榮犧牲的機會。但母親從來沒有這種莫名其妙的虛榮。送我去農場的時候,母親一句話都不說,看著我的目光裡,滿是無可奈何的悲切。
    那年我身陷囹圄之後,母親吐血了。但據代我去看望的朋友說,母親非常鎮定,沒有絲毫慌亂。事後,母親悄悄地告訴我說,當時,父親給嚇壞了,還覺得很丟人。須知,當年考上大學時,我是新村里的惟一,很大程度上滿足了一下父親的虛榮心。但母親卻是榮辱不驚。母親說完父親的情形之後,又悄悄告訴我說,有位親戚知道後,特意在一次聚餐席上,朝我母親大聲說道:你有個了不起的兒子,應該為他感到驕傲。母親說完笑了。
    母親很少在別人面前袒護自己的兒子。讀小學時曾經被班主任告狀,母親不由分說地把我打了一頓。打完後又心疼不已。事隔很久,母親還不曾忘懷,會私底下悄悄地告訴她未來的兒媳婦,她曾經打過我一次。母親可能把我的婚姻看得太重了,居然把未過門的兒媳當作了懺悔神父那樣的人物,稀里糊塗地向人家吐露心聲。
    我在華師大校園裡,曾經碰到過鄰居大媽在校園里幹活。因為平時並無交往,所以也沒有上前寒暄。結果又被告狀了,說我連招呼都不打。我苦笑著對母親說,我不知道跟她說什麼。母親說,是的,我知道你的,不會招呼人。接著,又寬慰道,哎呀,人家愛說什麼就讓人家去說好了。想想也是。所謂人之常情。身陷囹圄,所有的親戚鄰里都裝作沒看見。若要是有點與眾不同了,別人首先關心的就是你是否看不起人家了。記得剛開始發表文章那會,很高興告訴家人。結果,一位長輩就教訓說,魯迅寫了那麼多文章,都沒這麼驕傲過。中國式的家長,從來不懂得如何面對孩子。動輒就搬出魯迅那樣的名頭嚇唬小輩。他們也不想想,萬一他們的孩子,比魯迅走得更遠呢?倘若是英國家長,絕對不會用莎士比亞嚇唬正在學習寫劇作的​​孩子。他們也許會對孩子這麼說,你會比莎士比亞更優秀的。
    當然,我母親不會說自己的兒子比魯迅更優秀,但她從來沒有懷疑過我努力的價值。因為她不知道魯迅是怎麼回事,但她知道我是怎麼回事。人與人之間,就像樹與樹之間一樣,是沒有可比性的。因為愛是沒有高低尊卑可言的。母親不需要知道我與魯迅之間高低如何,她只知道她愛這麼一個兒子。當我去農場的時候,她難受;當我在農場里幹活受傷時,她流淚;當我考上大學時,她喜悅;當我身陷囹圄時,她吐血;當我去國之際,她特地做了一碗我最愛吃的新鮮蠶豆趕到學校裡來給我送行;當彼此遠隔重洋,她一再關照的是:不要惦記我,過你自己的日子。
    如今想來,母子之間真正朝夕相處的日子,也就是我寫那兩部小說的半年間。童年記憶裡的母親乃是三班倒地勞碌著,日班中班夜班,像機器一樣地來迴轉著轉著,一直轉到退休。母親退休之後還不肯歇著,時不時地找機會去打零工。有一次在我上過的那個中學旁邊的水果批發站幹活,正好碰上中學班主任。她事後很高興地告訴我說,那班主任還記得她呢。彼此說起,母親告訴班主任說,我在大學裡教書。班主任對母親說,他當年就讀書讀得很好。事實上,我的中學時代是在學工學農外加野營拉練中度過的,沒學到什麼像樣的知識。我在農場裡走進高考的考場時,真正的學歷是小學五年級。
    我家那位親戚拿魯迅嚇唬我也算是有點道理的。因為魯迅雖然也沒有像樣的學歷,但至少在日本的什麼學校裡混過,好歹算個留學生。我是被魯迅的那個知音給剝奪了整整十年的讀書機會的倒霉蛋。只有小學還給了我一點明亮的記憶,文​​革開始以後的中學時代可說是一片黑暗。所以我一看到人家說那是陽光燦爛的日子,就反胃。
    母親不識字,既不會拿魯迅嚇我,也不會將我與魯迅攀比。她看我寫得很開心,她也很開心。然後給我做好吃的。豐莊的住所有前後兩個房間,當中隔著一個小廳。每晚入睡之前,母親都要到後房間探望一下。有時正好碰上我告一個段落,就趕緊削個蘋果送來。母子一起吃蘋果時的那種溫馨,是我終生難忘的幸福。一面吃著,一面說著家常話。最後,母親退出房門時,總會小聲關照:不要再寫了吧?早點困覺。
    細心的讀者一定會發現,《愛似米蘭》顯然要比《麗娃河》寫得柔和多了。倘若讀者能夠讀出其中的溫馨,那麼應該說是受母愛影響的下意識流露。《麗娃河》裡的憤世嫉俗,至《愛似米蘭》幾乎消失殆盡。心境,有時會在一種氣氛裡被潛移轉化。而寫作的即時即刻,與心境實在太相關了。倘若當時寫完《愛似米蘭》之後能夠將《麗娃河》重新寫一遍,也許會完全不一樣。
    除了這兩部小說的寫作,《中國文化冷風景》的醞釀,也是從豐莊開始的。在那個很日常很平淡的清晨,我起床如廁,帶著一本《尚書》坐在馬桶上隨便翻閱。很不經意地,突然發現,其中的《泰誓》和《牧誓》,有很大的出入。兩者之間必有一者是偽造的。於是,產生了興趣,開始了思考。一直努力了十幾年之後,《中國文化冷風景》終於面世。
    比起後來在上海出現的諸多豪華住宅,豐莊無疑是一個相當平民化的小區。但這個小區在我心目中卻有一種莫名的神聖。那年離開上海時,這個小區外面的道路建設尚未完成。雨天的路面,相當泥濘。但我記憶中的豐莊,非但不是泥濘的,而且還充滿藍天白雲的明淨和舒展。我感到很後悔的是,當初沒有在那裡多住些時日。其實,我應該​​從母親此前一再到校園裡看望我的情景中明白,母親非常想念我。那時,我住的宿舍,只有一個電爐可以做飯。母親每次來,都帶著事先準備好的肉餡和餛飩皮包餛飩。就在那時候,我跟母親學會了這門手藝。其中的關鍵是,入餡之後要把合起來的餛飩皮沾點水捏緊,否則會有破散的可能。時過景遷,如今,每次跟內子一起包餛飩,眼前總會浮現母親的音容笑貌;尤其是母親伸出手指沾水捏緊餛飩皮的情形,仔細得像在做針線活一般。
    去國二十年來,最讓人難以釋懷的,就是再也沒能與母親見上一面。如今的豐莊,人去樓空。那裡的每一件物事,都是滿滿的記憶。那張母親用了一輩子的八仙桌,不僅桌上的紋路是熟悉的,即便是桌面上的那股家常氣味,我都記得清清楚楚。這是上海最後留給我的那點記憶。早先的浦東老家被夷平之後變成了大片大片的居家小區。後來的新村舊宅,也在動遷之後消失了。惟有豐莊那所住房,還留有一絲絲遙遠而清晰的記憶,像細雨一般在心頭飄灑。我不想讓那樣的記憶消失殆盡。我不僅要保留那個住所,還要留住父母生前用過的林林總總。儘管人生最終都會歸於空幻,但有些記憶,會銘記終生。
    每次想到母親,心裡總是滿滿的,彷彿樹林裡的空氣一般。及至落筆,又總是那麼的淺顯,有如小溪在亂石間的匆匆忙忙。內心深處的情愫,是無法用語言表達的。在美國的日子裡,最嚮往的就是哪天有了落腳之處,趕緊把母親接來。可是,等到真的有了棲息處所,大洋彼岸,母親早就墓木已拱。
    不久前父親亦逝,即將入葬與母親相伴。哪天回去再想與他們同桌就餐,只能在他們墓前了此心願。他們的早餐比較簡單,包子豆漿,有時也會是大餅油條之類的。但我喜歡。那張八仙桌倚牆而立,三個人每人坐在一邊,安安靜靜地吃早飯。什麼話都不用說,大家都很默契。飯後,把碗一推,回進房間裡開始寫作。父親坐到他們的房間裡打開電視,一面盯著屏幕,一面剝著毛豆。母親回進廚房裡,在水池裡稀里嘩啦地洗著碗筷。那一排不太明亮的窗子外面,有時細雨霏霏,有時陽光明媚。
    豐莊,就這樣在記憶中不停地持續著,持續著。

    二〇一八年十二月十二日寫於美東新州西閒園




    《冷月峰影》是允晨文化 出版李劼先生的第9本書 (社長廖志峰先生對李先生讚譽有加)。不過,這是我的第一本李劼作品。書是曹永洋學長借給我的(6月18日晨8點30分,他從天母出發,或許是7點多。他的行程跟我談一個小時,借我一些書,去台大誠品會他的學生.....下午2點在天母書盧主持一場讀書會--他將新潮文庫的S. Freud作品宋某有出息的年輕人......)
    下午4點,雨歇了,我翻讀一下,是一本用力深、天地廣的"力"做。我很佩服廖志峰敢出版這樣"獨特知識分子"的書,他"反思"20世紀文藝名家、名著(人物、小說、音樂、電影、文化、哲學等)。曹學長畫出幾個錯字;我想過Whitehead Street應該怎樣翻譯較好......?http://hcbooks.blogspot.tw/2016/06/2016.html

    李劼| 我為什麼要寫《木心論》

    理想國imaginist 李劼2015-08-27
    題圖:木心畫作《曠野一棵樹》局部


    這段時間,理想國連續出了和木心先生相關的三本書:《木心談木心——〈文學回憶錄〉補遺》《木心詩選》《木心論》。前兩種,木心先生的作品,自不必說;後一種,是李劼老師對木心先生的專論。說起李劼,一般讀者知道他的也許不多吧?但國內文化界應該不會陌生。上世紀八九十年代,李劼因天馬行空、才氣縱橫的著述和桀驁不馴、獨立不群的個性成為文化界一時風雲人物。後因忍受不了國內的種種約束和限制,去國離鄉,旅居紐約多年。

    讀過李劼著述的讀者,大概都會對其文字的強烈衝擊力和深刻犀利的批判留有深刻印象。特別是,國內一大批聲譽卓著的作家都曾遭到過他不留情面的批評,而新文化運動以降的整個中國文學,在李劼看來,都是失落的。

    但就是這樣一位作家,偶然遇到木心先生的作品之後,卻願意花一個多月時間讀完木心先生所有的集子,並一口氣寫下了《木心論》,激賞木心先生的作品。個中緣由,耐人尋味。理想國特意請遠在重洋的李劼老師本人錄了一段視頻,談談他為什麼要寫這本《木心論》。今日微信,分享給大家。期待對李劼老師更進一步了解的讀者朋友,不妨點擊文末“閱讀原文”。



    我為什麼要寫《木心論》
    ·文| 李劼·

    按理說寫完《木心論》以後,好像就沒有必要再多說什麼了。因為諸多想法都已寫在書裡面了。但是出版社在此書出版之際,還是希望我再說幾句。那就再說多幾句吧。

    想要說明的是,木心的談論價值到底在哪裡?

    在所謂的五四新文學以降,文學很長時間是失落的。因為文學混跡於救國救民事業,文學本身就消解在那樣的事業裡了。這種兼濟天下的文學有個特色:作家也好,詩人也好,不再是單個的,而是經常以團伙形式出現。最早的《新青年》就是個團伙。此後還有什麼創造社、文學研究會、新月派、鴛鴦蝴蝶派,等等。不管流派持什麼主張,反正都是有團伙的。孤零零的作家反倒很少見。好像文學有團伙了就有力量。

    這種現象持續了很長時間,直到八十年代的時候,世人從文革的陰影當中走出來,好像又開始文學了。不料,文學又開始團伙了。僅以詩人為例,就團伙得不行。最初出名的那伙人以《今天》為核心,大都是北京知青,人稱朦朧詩派。其實是北京知青詩派。八十年代以後冒出的年輕詩人,統稱第三代詩人。這第三代詩人分為很多團伙。南京的《他們》是一個團伙,有昆明、福建的詩人入夥。四川的叫巴蜀詩群,又是一個團伙,其中也分出許多派。上海詩人也很抱團,並且大都以學校劃界。華師大一夥,復旦一夥,上海師大一夥,還是寶鋼那裡也有一夥。他們有個共同的雜誌,叫《海上》。

    總之,詩人們都不是一個一個出來的,而是一夥兒一夥兒出來的。感覺非常江湖。頗有金庸武俠小說裡面的作派,青城派、泰山派、華山派,什麼派,都是有派的。就算是以前沒派的,一旦功成名就,就開始尋找團伙入夥。最大的團伙當然是官方的作家協會。那年頭是不是作家,以有沒有加入作家協會為標記。入了就是作家,沒有入的都不算。作家詩人們一旦加入了作家協會,身份認同是有了,但寫出來的作品就很作協氣了。入了就有組織,寫作的標準就組織化了。在歐美國家,作家以組織為榮,以組織起來為標記,是不可想像的。但在中國大家全都習慣了。

    似乎誰也沒有想到,會在大家都習慣的作協天地之外,突然冒出一個木心。木心的特色在於毫無團伙氣。他的文字是非常個人的文字,他的文字讓人遙想起,比如唐詩宋詞的年代,甚至更久遠的《詩經》年代。這是木心跟當代的作家、詩人很不相同的地方,也是我之所以那麼花力氣,花了一個多月的時間,看了木心所有的集子,撰寫《木心論》的緣由所在。我讀了木心的詩集、小說集、散文集、文學演講錄,出版的時候叫《文學回憶錄》。在一個多月的時間裡做了這麼大量的閱讀,一口氣寫了五萬多字的《木心論》。為什麼?就因為木心不團伙,木心的寫作不作協。

    當我讀著木心作品的時候,感覺文學回來了、審美回來了,從而激起了我的寫作熱情。

    當然,還有一個很重要的感覺,相知的感覺。人生在世,兩大幸福,一個是相愛,一個是相知。這兩個幸福都是可遇而不可求的。我讀到木心文字的時候,感覺他講的每一句話,我都明白。反之,假如他能看到我寫的文字、聽到我所說的話,相信他也一定能明白。當然,這是非常遺憾的事情,木心沒能讀到我寫的文字尤其是評論他的文字。陳丹青曾當面跟我講過,他說木心這輩子最大的遺憾也許就是他沒有看見你這篇《木心論》。

    木心沒有讀到我的文字,不僅遺憾在他沒能看見我對他的評論,也遺憾在他沒能讀到也許只有他才能夠明白的許多文字。我在閱讀木心的時候,經常會有如此感嘆:咦,他怎麼跟我想得一樣。諸如對老聃的看法,對孔丘的看法,尤其是對司馬遷《史記》的看法。司馬遷寫《史記》為了突出孔丘,刪除了百分之九十以上的先秦諸子。真正叫做,功也在彼,罪也在彼。但這麼簡單的事實,幾千年來看明白的竟然沒有幾個。但木心一眼看破,一語道破,說是司馬遷太儒家立場,以儒鏡照史,否則《史記》會很偉大。

    木心於西方文化也讀得很明白。比如基督。在教門內的基督徒、天主教徒、東正教徒自有他們的讀法。在教門外的非教徒該如何閱讀基督?木心提供了一種閱讀視角,把基督讀成詩人或者藝術家。我也喜歡從審美的角度,閱讀基督。

    我的《木心論》首先是寫給木心本人看的,就像兩個在紐約街頭邂逅的流浪漢,坐在馬路邊互相欣賞一番。當然,這不過是我的幻覺。木心已然謝世,身後如何如日中天,跟木心本人毫無關係。但既然如此,為什麼還要嘮叨木心呢?因為木心不能被掩埋掉。

    倘若拿掉唐詩宋詞,中國文化的一張美麗面孔就沒有了;假如拿掉《紅樓夢》,中國文化的一雙眼睛就沒有了;假如拿掉先秦諸子,中國文化就不成立了。但是,假如拿掉五四以來,尤其是四九年以來的文學作品,中國文化會缺胳膊少腿嗎?不要急於回答,思考一下即可。答案不重要。

    但是,倘若拿掉木心,中國文化就會缺了一塊。這就是我在木心已逝的世界上,還會寫下《木心論》的原因。寫完此論,好比種了一片以木心命名的小樹林。生活在霧霾中的人們,倘若感到疲憊了,痛苦了,無奈了,叫天天不應叫地地不靈之類的等等什麼了,不妨到這片森林裡休息片刻,呼吸一下新鮮空氣,享受一會精神的芬芳,然後繼續活下去。審美的需求,也是人的本能所在。不是麼?

    就說這些,謝謝大家。

    二0一五年八月二十日
    根據本人的視頻演講整理修改於紐約






    [專訪]李劼:我不怕得罪人北京皇權文化景觀十年未變


    來源:鳳凰網文化 
    李劼,生於1955年,上海人,文學批判家。(圖片來自李劼個人博客)
    鳳凰網文化訊  日前,微博網友@ 榮劍2008 發出一條長微博,內容為來自上海的文學批評家李劼的一篇題為《北京文人墨客的皇權意識和中心話語情結》的文章。該文長達3 萬餘字,文中的批判幾乎橫掃了當今中國文壇聲名煊赫的北京或具有北京背景的文人。平靜許久的文壇一時波瀾乍起,眾多網友、文藝界人士也紛紛從世界杯的焦點中抽身,投入到這一事件的熱傳和議論浪潮中。
    針對此文引發的反響,鳳凰網文化聯繫到了遠在美國的李劼,對其進行了獨家專訪。李劼表示,這篇文章在能在時隔11 年後被熱傳,是因為北京的皇權文化景觀依舊未變,自己提到的觀點後來大都應驗了,很多文人太不爭氣。對於如此大力度大規模的批判,李劼坦言自己並不在意得罪圈內人,他最喜歡的就是直抒胸臆,雖然其中不乏調侃,但骨子裡是相當嚴肅的。
    寫作緣起:美國刮起吹捧大陸作家之風
    鳳凰網文化:《北京文人墨客的皇權意識和中心話語情結》文末所注寫作時間為2003年,當時著手寫這篇文章有什麼樣的背景和心境?
    李劼:這篇文章並非獨立篇章,而是《八十年代中國文學歷史備忘》中的倒數第二章,第九章。“備忘錄”的寫作緣起,是當時美國學府東亞系一些來自台灣的華裔教授胡亂吹捧大陸作家,引發周圍某些朋友的反感,懇請我作出反應。再加上以前上海的某些同事,在編寫現當代文學史論的時候,故意刪除八十年代的一些同行,也讓周圍朋友不滿。有朋友也為此要我出面寫點什麼。可以說,此書最先是從上海的文壇個案引發的,跟北京文壇毫無關係。後來是既然寫了,就一發不可收,索性如數家珍般地一路數落過來,最後才寫到了北京文人墨客的頭上。城門失火,殃及池魚。
    鳳凰網文化:文章出來後,當年有沒有引起像如今這樣的爭議和反響?主要有哪些方面?
    李劼:這篇文章寫完之後,當時並沒有在網上到處流傳。相反,有關上海的那些章節,倒是在網上流傳過。因為遠在美國,也沒注意什麼反響。
    不懼爭議:我只是直面歷史骨子裡很嚴肅
    鳳凰網文化:這篇文章在微博上被熱議的同時也引起質疑,焦點之一是說通篇有很多假設,論據不足,帶有很強烈的主觀偏見,並非客觀意義上的文藝批評,只是將精神分析發揮到極致的文壇八卦,有挾私見之嫌。您怎麼看待這種質疑聲?
    李劼:這種非議,也同樣可以用到《世說新語》頭上,甚至可以用來挑剔勃蘭兌斯的《十九世紀文學主流》一著。因為這部備忘錄並非考據式的歷史鉤沉,而是對八十年代乃至當今的中國文壇及其人文景觀的掃瞄。雖然其中不乏調侃,而骨子裡是相當嚴肅的。或許只有懷有著看八卦心態的讀者才會從中讀出八卦來。因此,不在乎這些八卦讀者說什麼。老實說,我比較在乎《中國文化冷風景》、《百年風雨》(又名《梟雄與士林》)等著在讀者中的反應,比較留意我論說喬伊斯、木心的論著和文章在文學界的反應,至於這篇文章引起什麼反應,不太當回事。假如有人看了不服氣,可以自己去寫。我在備忘錄的引言裡就說過,希望有許多人從自己的角度寫下那段歷史。可是,直至如今,沒見到什麼人真的去寫。有些昔日的同事同行,熱衷於編寫教科書,但不敢涉足直面歷史直面現實的書寫。我剛好相反,最痛恨的就是編寫教科書,最喜歡的就是直抒胸臆。至於別人怎麼看,由不得我。一千個讀者,就有一千個哈姆雷特。不希望看到異口同聲的反響,比如一樣的掌聲如雷,一樣的狗血噴頭。
    鳳凰網文化:當事人有沒有回應?有沒有想過會因此得罪很多人?
    李劼:也許有吧。但我沒有直接聽說過。只間接耳聞,被我批評的某同事,曾經公開承認過,我在書中提及的往事,屬實。至於得罪不得罪人,跟我沒關係。那是被評論者的反應。有的人認為得罪了,有的人根本不在乎。曾經聽說,王朔回應別人問他,如何看待李劼評說他的文章,他開口就說,李劼是朋友。還告訴人家,李劼在八十年代的文學批評,都是有話直說的。確實如此。九十年代在上海有個文學討論會,與會者逼著我當著王朔的面,論說王朔小說的長長短短。我就當面說了。王朔非但沒生氣,還很高興。
    十年之變:北京文人太不爭氣我的批判大都已應驗
    鳳凰網文化:現在如何看待自己十餘年前的這篇文章?心態和視角有無變化?
    李劼:此章寫完後,就扔一邊了。直到如今被人掛到網上,引起熱議,才回頭跟大家一塊讀了一遍。發現此文寫得很好。就是後面部分寫得草率了一些。十多年前的李劼眼裡的北京文化景觀如此,十多年後的李劼眼裡的北京文化景觀依然如故。這不是李劼沒長進,而是那個景觀沒變化。
    鳳凰網文化:您當時寫作此文時是想通過自己的感受和思考傳達什麼?
    李劼:也許應當轉發給學府裡的大學教授,或者想得諾貝爾什麼獎的什麼名流。因為本人的寫作,沒有目的性可言。雖然有激發點,比如回應一些教授學者的胡言亂語,但即便如此,寫到後來也忘了那些胡言亂語了,只知道埋頭於自言自語。說完了也不在乎有沒有聽眾,有沒有讀者。我知道學術著述可以在學府裡掙得生存利益,但這跟我這樣的方外之人毫無關係。我也聽說,文學天然就有改造社會改造國民的責任,但這跟我也沒關係。我始終堅持認為,我只能解決我自己,觸動不了社會,更遑論什麼改造國民。那應該是魯迅的專利吧,跟我無關。
    鳳凰網文化:十一年後文章再度被熱傳,您認為是什麼原因?
    李劼:可能是因為我所寫的人文景觀依然如故的原因吧。也可能是當年脫口而出的一些感受,不幸而被言中。那也不是我太有先見之明,而是我看到的人物太不爭氣。備忘錄裡提到的不少人或事,後來大都應驗了。這不是我站得高,而是他們自己喜歡往下跳。
    文化人格:其實我們每個人都活得很可憐
    鳳凰網文化:您在文中的批判幾乎橫掃當今中國文壇聲名煊赫的北京文人,您選擇了用地域劃分文化基因、文人習性,但皇權意識和中心話語情結是否普遍存在於我們每個人心裡,是中國人的通病?
    李劼:應該說是挨個或者說逐個評說。我不過是個紐約街頭的流浪漢,就算手裡有把掃笤,也掃不動那麼多的名人呀。至於皇權意識和中心話語情結,雖然大凡中國文化人,多少都會染上一些,但北京城裡的文人,特別濃重。那也算是近水樓台吧。相比之下,上海人的特徵,就不是皇權意識,而是小市民習氣。這在我的書文裡,也沒少提及。
    鳳凰網文化:一個人的人格和文學成就可否區別對待?或許我們每個人的人格都不是那麼高尚。
    李劼:這兩者能截然分開麼?比如郭沫若的那些頌聖詩,能說人格不行,而文學成就卻很高麼?還有,我從來不說每個人的人格,真要說也只能說某一個人的人格,只能說某一個作家、詩人的人格,或者某一個政客、官員的人格。至於每個人的人格,從來在我的話題之外,就好比解放全人類那樣的牛皮哄哄,本人一向避而遠之。也許只有上帝,才能評判每個人的人格。再說了,我也不喜歡評判他人的人格,因為那是他人自己的事情,跟我毫無關係。我只描述現象,不探討現象當中的人格。就算郭沫若那樣的文人,我也只說他的詩文如何,不說他人格如何。兒子被害死了,一聲不吭,你還忍心談論其人格麼?因此,其實我們每個人是不是都活得很可憐?
    [責任編輯:楊海亮]

    Edgar Allen Poe : Selected Prose, Poetry, and Eureka/ Annabel Lee (1849)

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    “I have absolutely no pleasure in the stimulants in which I sometimes so madly indulge. It has not been in the pursuit of pleasure that I have periled life and reputation and reason. It has been the desperate attempt to escape from torturing memories, from a sense of insupportable loneliness and a dread of some strange impending doom.”
    ― Edgar Allan Poe
    One of the most original American writers, Edgar Allen Poe shaped the development of both the detective story and the science-fiction story. Some of his poems—”The Raven,” “The Bells,” “Annabel Lee”—remain among the most popular in American literature. Poe’s tales of the macabre still thrill readers of all ages. Here are familiar favorites like “The Purloined Letter,” “The Fall of the House of Usher,” and “The Murders in the Rue Morgue,” together with less-known masterpieces like “The Imp of the Perverse,” “The Narrative of A. Gordon Pym,” and “Ligeia,” which is now recognized as one of the first science-fiction stories, a total of seventy-three tales in all, plus fifty-three poems and a generous sampling of Poe’s essays, criticism and journalistic writings.

    “By the time Edgar Allan Poe wrote “Eureka: A Prose Poem,” the last major work he published before his premature death in 1849, his attitude toward certain men of science had softened.”

    Since adolescence, Edgar Allan Poe had been picking fights with science....
    THEPARISREVIEW.ORG|由 MAX NELSON 上傳




    The New York Review of Books


    Marilynne Robinson on Edgar Allan Poe


    On Edgar Allan Poe by Marilynne Robinson
    Edgar Allan Poe was and is a turbulence, an anomaly among the major American writers of his period, an anomaly to this day. He both amazed and antagonized his contemporaries, who could not dismiss him from the first...
    NYBOOKS.COM



    British Museum新增了 2 new photos


    Edgar Allan Poe was born ‪#‎onthisday‬ in 1809. These are illustrations to his poems: ‘The Raven’ by Édouard Manet and ‘The Sleeper’ by Dante Gabriel Rossetti


    Annabel Lee

    By Edgar Allan Poe

    Annabel Lee (1849)

    Wikisource has original text related to this article:

    Annabel Lee

    Main article: Annabel Lee


    The last complete poem written by Poe, it was published shortly after his death in 1849. The speaker of the poem talks about a lost love, Annabel Lee, and may have been based on Poe's own relationship with his wife Virginia, though that is disputed.

    Edgar Allan Poe died in Baltimore, Maryland, on this day in 1849 (aged 40).
    "Annabel Lee"
    It was many and many a year ago, 
    In a kingdom by the sea,
    That a maiden there lived whom you may know
    By the name of Annabel Lee;
    And this maiden she lived with no other thought
    Than to love and be loved by me.
    I was a child and she was a child,
    In this kingdom by the sea,
    But we loved with a love that was more than love—
    I and my Annabel Lee—
    With a love that the wingèd seraphs of Heaven
    Coveted her and me.
    And this was the reason that, long ago,
    In this kingdom by the sea,
    A wind blew out of a cloud, chilling
    My beautiful Annabel Lee;
    So that her highborn kinsmen came
    And bore her away from me,
    To shut her up in a sepulchre
    In this kingdom by the sea.
    The angels, not half so happy in Heaven,
    Went envying her and me—
    Yes!—that was the reason (as all men know,
    In this kingdom by the sea)
    That the wind came out of the cloud by night,
    Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee.
    But our love it was stronger by far than the love
    Of those who were older than we—
    Of many far wiser than we—
    And neither the angels in Heaven above
    Nor the demons down under the sea
    Can ever dissever my soul from the soul
    Of the beautiful Annabel Lee;
    For the moon never beams, without bringing me dreams
    Of the beautiful Annabel Lee;
    And the stars never rise, but I feel the bright eyes
    Of the beautiful Annabel Lee;
    And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side
    Of my darling—my darling—my life and my bride,
    In her sepulchre there by the sea—
    In her tomb by the sounding sea.
    *
    A compact selection of Poe’s greatest stories and poems, chosen by the National Endowment for the Arts for their Big Read program. This selection of eleven stories and seven poems contains such famously chilling masterpieces of the storyteller’s art as “The Tell-tale Heart,” “The Fall of the House of Usher,” “The Cask of Amontillado,” and “The Pit and the Pendulum,” and such unforgettable poems as “The Raven,” “The Bells,” and “Annabel Lee.” Poe is widely credited with pioneering the detective story, represented here by “The Purloined Letter,” “The Mystery of Marie Roget,” and “The Murders in the Rue Morgue.” Also included is his essay “The Philosophy of Composition,” in which he lays out his theory of how good writers write, describing how he constructed “The Raven” as an example.


    Max Retallack 在 The Golden Age Of Illustration 社團中分享了 1 則貼文

    2 小時
    E. A. Poe's "Annabel Lee" -- illustrated by Edmond du Lac :
    For the moon never beams, without bringing me dreams
    Of the beautiful Annabel Lee;
    And the stars never rise, but I feel the bright eyes
    Of the beautiful Annabel Lee

    Max Retallack 在 Damsels 相簿中新增了 1 張相片
    E. A. Poe's "Annabel Lee" -- illustrated by Edmund du Lac :




    優美的安娜貝爾.李 寒徹顫慄早逝去
    作者:大江健三郎
    譯者:許金龍
    出版社:北京:人民文學: 2009 聯經出版公司 :2009年

    書名脫胎自美國詩人艾倫坡著名詩作〈安娜貝爾.李〉,講述二戰後為美國人所收養的日本國際級女演員櫻闖蕩國際影壇多年後,回國參與記念德國作家亨利希. 封.克萊斯特跨國性電影拍攝計畫。主催此計畫的電影製片人木守,找來從大學時代就認識的社會運動伙伴小說家大江擔綱電影的劇本家,他嘗試將原作的抗暴情節 與日本農民的反壓迫的起義事件連結,而以女演員櫻為中心的拍攝,女英雄的形象也取代原著以男性為故事主角的設定;小說家大江的母親,在戰後不惜冒黑市交易 風險、也要維持地方劇團演出的「說故事者」使命,則分在演員櫻、小說家大江以及承襲母親故事採集者、長期在四國推行女權運動的小說家的妹妹身上顯現;但這 個拍攝計畫卻因一個涉及櫻的殘忍祕密而宣告終止。

    ------


    Roland Barthes《巴爾特自述‧片斷‧真理與穩定性》北京:中國人民大學,2008,頁73
    坡說過 (Eureka) :「真理存在於穩定性之中。」因此,不能承受穩定性的人﹑,便把真理之倫理學置之身外。一旦語詞、命題、觀念採取和過渡到固定狀態、俗套狀態 (俗套意味著固定),他就把它們放棄。
    Poe原文是英文,中譯本從法文轉譯,所以穩定性可能指consistency…..
    It is, perhaps, in no little degree, however, our propensity for the continuous -- for the analogical -- in the present case more particularly for the symmetrical which has been leading us astray. And, in fact, the sense of the symmetrical is an instinct which may be depended upon with an almost blindfold reliance. It is the poetical essence of the Universe -- OF0,0 which, in the supremeness of its symmetry, is but the most sublime of poems. Now symmetry and consistency are convertible terms: -- thus Poetry and Truth are one. A thing is consistent in the ratio of its truth -- true in the ratio of its consistency. A Perfect consistency, I repeat, can be nothing but a absolute truth. We may take it for granted, then, that Man cannot long or widely err, if he suffer himself to be guided by his poetical, which I have maintained to be his truthful, in being his symmetrical, instinct. He must have a care, however, lest, in pursuing too heedlessly the superficial symmetry of forms and motions, he leave out of sight the really essential symmetry of the principles which determine and control them.
    Poe 的這篇散文詩的前言令人震撼…….
    Eureka - A Prose Poem
    By: Edgar Allan Poe
    (1848)
    WITH VERY PROFOUND RESPECT,
    THIS WORK IS DEDICATED
    TO
    ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT
    PREFACE
    To the few who love me and whom I love -- to those who feel rather than to those who think -- to the dreamers and those who put faith in dreams as in the only realities -- I offer this Book of Truths, not in its character of Truth-Teller, but for the Beauty that abounds in its Truth; constituting it true. To these I present the composition as an Art-Product alone:- let us say as a Romance; or, if I be not urging too lofty a claim, as a Poem.
    What I here propound is true:- * therefore it cannot die:- or if by any means it be now trodden down so that it die, it will "rise again to the Life Everlasting."
    Nevertheless it is as a Poem only that I wish this work to be judged after I am dead.
    E. A. P.



    *****
    Edgar Allen Poe : Selected Prose, Poetry, and Eureka
    這本書 書林翻印過

    Auden 的 Introduction

    Poor Poe! At first so forgotten that his grave went without a tomb-stone twenty-six years ... today in danger of becoming the life study of a few professors.

    (W.H. (Wystan Hugh) Auden (1907-1973), Anglo-American poet. repr. In The Recognition of Edgar Allen Poe, ed. E.W. Carlson (1970). Edgar Allan Poe, introduction (1950).)










    Edgar Allan Poe - Tales Of Mystery And Imagination (Illustrator - Harry Clarke)



    The Paris Review


    “EDGAR ALLAN POE died in Baltimore on Sunday last.”

    From the Richmond Semi-Weekly Examiner, vol. II, no. 98, October 12, 1849:
    THEPARISREVIEW.ORG|由 SADIE STEIN 上傳


    圖像裡可能有一或多人
    Dark Classics
    Bernard Jacob Rosenmeyer, Edgar Allan Poe Walking High Bridge; 1930

    The birth of tragedy; Death in Venice 之夢;220 續,尼采「悲劇的誕生」 2018-04-17

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    SCREENANARCHY.COM
    Celebrated composer Gustav von Aschenbach (Dirk Bogarde) falls prey to a singular longing…


     Death in Venice
    Thomas Mann 的中長篇小說。Blu-ray Review: Visconti's DEATH IN VENICE Lives in Glorious Anguish on Criterion Blu-ray.






    2018.4月22日請張教授講尼采,悲劇的誕生1872。
    我準備七八十張slides做導論,然後,我從一本英文版的導論書的結論,它引Mann的 Death in Venice 1912的夢,當作"結論",這篇,我有志文版與企鵝版,不過,不知所蹤.....這次借2本台灣版和一本中國版翻譯,決定選用中國版,因為它開篇的拉丁文是正確的。
    我還發現,這篇可名之為"威尼斯的古希臘神話、對話與悲劇、S. Freud......",可以作為我的slides的範例......














    The birth of tragedy : a commentary

    by Lenson, David, 1945-

    結論引Mann的 Death in Venice 1912 的夢,當作......





    這篇可名之為"威尼斯的古希臘神話、對話與悲劇、S. Freud......",可以作為我的slides的範例......

    錢鴻嘉譯, 1986,《托馬斯.曼 中短篇小說選.死於威尼斯》上海:譯文,1986



    'Naiade'... Undine《渦堤孩》徐志摩譯/《婀婷》沈櫻譯;『水の精(ウンディーネ)』

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    圖像裡可能有1 人
    Suzanne Varga 發文到 Art Nouveau around the world
    'Naiade',hair ornament by Eugene Samuel Grasset for Maison Vever,1900,Petit Palais,Paris,France.





    Naiad
    Naiad1.jpg
    A Naiad by John William Waterhouse, 1893; a water nymph approaches the sleeping Hylas.
    GroupingMythological
    Sub groupingWater spirit
    Elemental
    Similar creaturesMermaid
    Huldra
    Selkie
    Siren
    HabitatAny body of fresh water
    In Greek mythology, the Naiads (/ˈnædz-ədz/Greek: Ναϊάδες) are a type of female spirit, or nymph, presiding over fountains, wells, springs, streams, brooks and other bodies of fresh water.







    ウンディーネ』(Undine)は、1811年に発表されたフリードリヒ・フーケの中編小説。水の精霊ウンディーネと騎士フルトブラントとの恋と、その悲劇的な結末を描く幻想譚である。ゲーテから賞賛を受けたのを始め作者の生前から広く読まれ、多くの絵画、舞台、音楽などの題材となった。
    フケーはこの物語の典拠としてパラケルススによる古文献を挙げており、またパラケルススが取り上げているシュタウフェンベルクニンフの物語[注 1]も着想のもとになったと考えられる[1]

    日本語訳[編集]

    • 『アンデイン』(家庭読物刊行会『世界少年文学名作集 第10巻』所収 藤沢周次訳、1920年)
    • 『水妖記(ウンディーネ)』(柴田治三郎訳 岩波文庫、1938年)
    • 『美しき水の精の物語』(矢崎源九郎訳 アテネ出版社 1949年) 
    • 『ウンディーネ ドイツのメルヘン』(武居忠通訳 東洋文化社 1980年)
    • 『ウンディーネ』(岸田理生訳 新書館、1980年)
    • 「ウンディーネ」(『ドイツロマン派全集5』所収 深見茂訳、1983年)
    • 『水の精(ウンディーネ)』(識名章喜訳、光文社古典新訳文庫、2016年)

    External links[edit]



     Undine《婀婷》沈櫻
    也收入《女性三部曲》台北:大地,1967/1984

    ---
    渦堤孩》,德國童話故事,作者穆特·福開(F. de la M.Fougue、1777-1843)。

    出版[編輯]

    中國最早在1923年由徐志摩根據 Edmund Gosse的英譯本在劍橋時翻譯,打算給母親看。夏志清在《渦堤孩·徐志摩·奧德兩赫本》中提到:「徐志摩讀小說時,把他自己和林徽音比作是黑爾勃郎和渦堤孩,把張幼儀比作了培兒托達,這個假定我想是可以成立的。」[1]由上海商務印書館初版,列為「共學社文學叢書」之一。

    注釋[編輯]

    1. ^ 夏志清:《未能忘情--台港暨海外學者散文》,第79頁。上海教育出版社1997年3月版。

    『孔子・老子・釈迦「三聖会談」』講談社学術文庫、1982年

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    孔子老子釈迦「三聖会談」』講談社学術文庫、1982年


    内容紹介

    孔子・老子・釈迦の三聖が一堂に会し、自らの哲学を語りあうという奇想天外な空想てい談。三聖の世界観や人間観、また根本思想や実際行動が、比較対照的に鮮やかに語られる。東洋思想のユニークな入門書。
    著者について

    1883年新潟県生まれ。1908年東京高等師範学校卒業。文学博士。東京文理科大学教授、東宮職御用掛などを歴任。文化勲章、朝日文化賞、紫綬褒章受賞。主著『中国古典名言事典』『儒教講話』『荘子物語』『大漢和事典』等。1982年没。


    文庫: 265ページ
    出版社: 講談社 (1982/9/8)
    言語: 日本語




















    三聖會談--孔子曰,老子曰,釋迦曰,黃富譯,台北:文星書店,1987

    悼念:I.M. Pei, World-Renowned Architect, Is Dead at 102 I. M. Pei (貝聿銘) 102歲;I.M. Pei: Mandarin of Modernism 《貝聿銘-現代主義泰斗》

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    悼念:I.M. Pei, World-Renowned Architect, Is Dead at 102
    Mr. Pei, a committed modernist, was one of the few architects equally attractive to real estate developers, corporate chieftains and art museum boards.
    The glass pyramid at the Louvre was among his many famous designs.





    275 漫談貝聿銘的羅浮宮增建 2019-04-11 李瑞鈺 建築師https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fU9DmiITsPU&t=307s



    54:42
    275 漫談貝聿銘的羅浮宮增建 2019-04-11 李瑞鈺 建築師
    -----
    Hanching Chung 158 I. M. Pei (貝聿銘) and Islamic Art Museum 2017-05-19 H.C. Chunghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dX3qJPHycXA&t=73s



    26:27
    158 I. M. Pei (貝聿銘) and Islamic Art Museum 2017-05-19 H.C. Chung


    ----

    I.M. Pei, World-Renowned Architect, Is Dead at 102

    I.M. Pei in 1989 outside the glass pyramid he designed at the Louvre in Paris, one of his most famous commissions. “If there’s one thing I know I didn’t do wrong, it’s the Louvre,” he said.CreditMarc Riboud/Magnum Photos





    ImageI.M. Pei in 1989 outside the glass pyramid he designed at the Louvre in Paris, one of his most famous commissions. “If there’s one thing I know I didn’t do wrong, it’s the Louvre,” he said.CreditCreditMarc Riboud/Magnum Photos


    By Paul Goldberger
    May 16, 2019


    I. M. Pei, the China-born American architect who began his long career working for a New York real-estate developer and ended it as one of the most revered architects in the world, has died. He was 102.

    His son Li Chung Pei said on Thursday that his father had died overnight.

    Mr. Pei was probably best known for designing the East Building of the National Gallery of Art in Washington and the glass pyramid that serves as an entry for the Louvre in Paris.

    He was hired by William Zeckendorf in 1948, shortly after he received his graduate degree in architecture from Harvard, to oversee the design of buildings produced by Zeckendorf’s firm, Webb & Knapp.

    At a time when most of his Harvard classmates considered themselves fortunate to get to design a single-family house or two, Mr. Pei quickly found himself engaged in the design of high-rise buildings, and he used that experience as a springboard to establish his own firm, I. M. Pei & Associates, which he set up in 1955 with Henry Cobb and Eason Leonard, the team he had assembled at Webb & Knapp.


    In its early years, I. M. Pei & Associates mainly executed projects for Zeckendorf, including Kips Bay Plaza in New York, finished in 1963; Society Hill Towers in Philadelphia (1964); and Silver Towers in New York (1967). All were notable for their gridded concrete facades.

    The firm became fully independent from Webb & Knapp in 1960, by which time Mr. Pei, a cultivated man whose quiet, understated manner and easy charm masked an intense, competitive ambition, was winning commissions for major projects that had nothing to do with Zeckendorf. Among these were the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo., completed in 1967, and the Everson Museum of Art in Syracuse and the Des Moines Art Center, both finished in 1968.


    They were the first in a series of museums he designed that would come to include the East Building (1978) and the Louvre pyramid (1989) as well as the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in Cleveland, for which he designed what amounted to a huge glass tent in 1995. It was perhaps his most surprising commission.

    Mr. Pei, not a rock ’n’ roll fan, initially turned down the job. After he changed his mind, he prepared for the challenge of expressing the spirit of the music by traveling to rock concerts with Jann Wenner, the publisher of Rolling Stone.

    The Cleveland project would not be Mr. Pei’s last unlikely museum commission: His museum oeuvre would culminate in the call to design the Museum of Islamic Art, in Doha, Qatar, in 2008, a challenge Mr. Pei acceped with relish. A longtime collector of Western Abstract Expressionist art, he admitted to knowing little about Islamic art.

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    As with the Rock and Roll museum, Mr. Pei saw the Qatar commission as an opportunity to learn about aculture he did not claim to understand. He began his research by reading a biography of the Prophet Muhammad, and then commenced a tour of great Islamic architecture around the world.

    A full obituary will appear shortly.


    大羅孚計畫金字塔完成30年紀念

    我在籌劃一討論會:大羅孚計畫金字塔完成30年紀念2019.5.30 :I. M. Pei (貝聿銘) 102歲

    約四月初,漢清講堂有一天/幾場的座談/presentations--敬邀您們參加。
    https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramide_du_Louvre





    SMITHSONIANMAG.COM
    The architect changed the way the world sees itself



    I.M. Pei, one of the world’s most respected architects, has died at the age of 102. Among the buildings he designed were the pyramid at the Louvre in Paris and the East Wing of the National Gallery of Art in D.C.

    ----
    Pierre Rosenberg《盧浮宮私人詞典.金字塔之爭》2014,華東師範大學出版社,526~28

    ----




    貝聿銘-現代主義泰斗(I. M. Pei- Mandarin of Modernism )-

    麥可.坎奈爾著

    蕭美惠譯

    智庫股份有限公司出版日期:1996/02


    《貝聿銘-現代主義泰斗》

    貝聿銘

     貝聿銘所到之處都引人注意。儘管它長袖善舞、八面玲瓏,與企業大老闆、藝術家和國家元首交情匪淺,私底下的貝聿銘仍是難以捉摸的。恍如童年時代四面高牆的祖宅,它的內心世界不是西方人所能了解的;;即使是他以前的合夥人也表示不曾真正跟他親近過。解開這謎團的線索就在上海複雜的社會階級,甚至在古老庭園的石頭和潺潺流水之間。

     這是一本有關建築物和權力、移民和同化、美式奔放和中式收斂、實用主義和華麗報導、東方和西方的傳記。書中附有珍貴照片幾十幀,均為貝聿銘和世界名人合照及其代表性建築作品:如中國香山飯店、香港中銀大廈、甘迺迪紀念圖書館、美國國家藝廊東廂、巴黎羅浮宮金字塔等膾炙人口的經典之作。 

    作者簡介

    麥可.坎奈爾


     畢業於普林斯敦大學和哥倫比亞大學新聞學院,曾供稿紐約客、時代、新聞週刊、紐約時報雜誌、運動畫報和國際合眾社。目前與妻子住在紐約。

    譯者簡介

     蕭美惠
     國立政治大學西洋語文學系畢業,現任報社國際祖召集人。





    貝聿銘-現代主義泰斗-目錄

    一位最傑出的同學----貝聿銘 王大閎

    前言

    第一章 金字塔之夜

    第二章 上海與蘇州

    第三章 一名劍橋的中國留學生

    第四章 我們將改變這一切

    第五章 未能實現的諾言

    第六章 甘迺迪的祝福

    第七章 成立建築師事務所

    第八章 柯普利廣場上的窗戶

    第九章 美國最敏感的地帶

    第十章 不朽的建築

    第十一章 辯護

    第十二章 回歸中國

    第十三章 壞風水

    第十四章 尾聲----














    I.M. Pei: Mandarin of Modernism

    November 7, 1995

    by Michael Cannell


    The first biography of an amazing modern master whose architectural vision and political skill have shaped our environment. Michael Cannell reveals here the history and personality behind the enigmatic Pei, our most famous living architect. 90 black-and-white photographs.






    Editorial Reviews

    From Booklist


    Master architect Pei's clean and elegant buildings are well known, but the man himself remains somewhat of an enigma, even to those closest to him. Cannell, who writes for Time and the New Yorker, couldn't penetrate Pei's mask, but he does offer a rich and vivid portrait that captures the essence of Pei's charm, vitality, and success. Born into a wealthy and influential Chinese family, Pei grew up in Shanghai where he received a Western education, became enamored of American culture, and chose to study in the U.S. He arrived here in the 1930s, and his academic prowess carried him to Harvard and Walter Gropius' influential circle. But Pei, more a man of action than theory, left teaching to build buildings. Cannell chronicles the creation of all Pei's original structures, emphasizing the buildings that made him famous--the Kennedy Library and the National Gallery's East Building--as well as those that triggered controversies, such as the disaster-prone Hancock Tower in Boston and the Louvre pyramid. Urbane, diplomatic, and ardent, Pei has maintained a distinctive bicultural and aesthetic balance and retained an openness to fresh challenges, such as the design of the recently opened Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Donna Seaman

    From the Inside Flap


    The first biography of an amazing modern master whose architectural vision and political skill have shaped our environment. Michael Cannell reveals here the history and personality behind the enigmatic Pei, our most famous living architect. 90 black-and-white photographs.




    Product details
    Hardcover: 402 pages
    Publisher: Clarkson Potter; 1st edition (November 7, 1995)






    《貝聿銘-現代主義泰斗》:貝聿銘在哈佛的畢業設計是"上海美術館"1946,他說東西方的展覽習慣和藝術品大小,差別極大......



    ***

    詹勳次往事可勘回味!彭蔭宣、李祖原、翁⋯
    就是大阪世界博覽會中國館的參予貝聿銘團隊而漸露頭角。
    當年喻肇川幫萬戶建築師蘇 哲老師設計得了第二名,是I M Pei返台主持評選,第一名從缺,結果與王大閎競圖故宮博物院案事件後段有點類似,由主持委員接手轉為負責設計建築師。這事件,我與同學林哲共同以王錦堂老師的建築師事務所名也參加了。

    那已是51年前的事(大四),還記得與林哲在峨眉街文星書店的對街野人咖啡地下廳談設計發想。往事只能回味!



    竇克勤業主慧眼識英雄,貝氏藝術館設計的才華,震驚世人。相信對其獲邀Musee du Louvre的擴展規劃設計,起了相當的作用。平民化的貴族 卡特、布朗(哈佛校友)是 貝聿銘的貴人,東翼博物館的成功他功不可沒。




    貝聿銘-陳從周 交情

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    I.M. Pei: The Chinese-born American architect, best known for designing the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C and the glass pyramid that serves as an entry for the Louvre in Paris, has died. He was 102.



    陳從周寫過"三篇半"貝聿銘的相關文章:

    貝聿銘與貝壽同(案:可能是中國近代首位建築師)
    貝聿銘與香山飯店
    貝聿銘蘇州聽曲

    半篇指陳從周訪美到貝聿銘佳坐半天。




    2015年6月30日 星期二


    《陳從周傳》《陳從周畫集》、《書帶集》、《梓室餘墨》、《說園》、《徐志摩年譜》

    樂峰著《陳從周傳》貝聿銘序,2003,上海文化出版社,2009.

        陳從周先生,中國園林藝術之一代宗師,仁人君子,吾之摯友。吾與從周初識於二十世紀七十年代,恨相知晚也。每每聆聽從周說園林、議建築、談評彈、論昆曲,甚為投機,暢須教益。得此知己,吾欣慰不已。
         從周先生對中國園林如癡如醉,造詣高深。七十年代,吾力薦從周來美協助紐約明軒之建造,後又特邀陳君北上出任香山飯店工程之園林顧問。從周對中國園林之理解肌擘理分,博大精深,非凡人所能及。從周著書多卷,其所著《說園》為中國園林之經典著作而享譽世界,並以此弘揚中國文化精髓,功德無量。
        從周待人誠懇,上交不諂,下交不瀆。吾旅居海外多年,彼此重神交而貴道合,不易也。從周幾次攜我重遊蘇州,與江南文人墨客談天說地,共敘鄉情,其情其景,至今難忘。今吾受蘇州老家特邀設計蘇州博物館,可惜從周已先我而去,每每以缺之教益為憾。

        從周弟子樂峰先生今著此書以紀念恩師,從周愛女勝吾請我為序。三言兩語,寄語陳君,聊表寸心。
                                                                                         貝聿銘
                                                                                  二零零三年春寫於紐約


    陳從周先生是我國著名學者、園林學家、建築學家、作家、書畫家。他學識宏富,其園林學說、書畫藝術和散文達到一代高峰,在建築、文學、藝術等領域都堪稱繼往開來的大家。其著作《說園》、《蘇州園林》、《園林談叢》等三十餘部,奠定了其在世界範圍內園林宗師的地位。本書是其最後的入室弟子樂峰先生遵其遺願,歷時十年完成的心血之作。作者遍訪陳從周先生生平足跡、親朋友好,並經陳從周先生女兒審閱,由世界著名建築大師貝聿銘先生作序,並附有陳先生年譜簡編,寫作嚴謹、史料翔實、細節感人,是中國第一本園林學家的傳記。

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