“His entire literary output is like a series of questions to which nobody has yet managed to come up with the right answers.” The death of Philip Roth,…

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The New Yorker
Remembering the writer, who has died at the age of eighty-five, in our pages.

Philip Roth, the Seminal American Novelist, Has Died
The future Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award winner published his first story in The New Yorker, “The Kind of Person I Am,” in 1958.
NEWYORKER.COM

Philip Roth, Towering Novelist Who Explored Lust, Jewish Life and America, Dies at 85

The New York Times

4 hours ago

Philip Roth: Portnoy's Complaint author dies aged 85BBC

Philip Roth, Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist, dies at 85

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Philip Roth - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Roth

Philip Milton Roth (March 19, 1933 – May 22, 2018) was an American novelist. Roth's fiction, regularly set in his birthplace of Newark, New Jersey, is known for ...
‎Claire Bloom · ‎American Pastoral · ‎Portnoy's Complaint · ‎The Human Stain

Hanching Chung

悼念ROTH先生

Philip Roth, one of the most celebrated US novelists of the second half of the twentieth century, has died aged 85.

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Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States

May 23, 2018, 4:31 am

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List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States by seat ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/.../List_of_Justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_St...

The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest ranking judicial body in the United States ... The number of justices on the Supreme Court changed six times before settling at the present total of nine in 1869. As a result, there have been ...

‎Original seats · ‎Additional seats

Financial Times

At the age of 85, she has no plans to leave her job before Donald Trump leaves his.

Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the super diva and cult figure of the US Supreme Court

The opera-loving judge has become a cult figure imitated on ‘Saturday Night Live’

FT.COM

Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States - Oxford ...

www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/...001.0001/acref-9780195176612

This online edition was reviewed and selectively updated by the original editor in 2011.The highly‐acclaimed Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court was first ...

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TOP 10 STORIES

May 23, 2018, 8:19 am

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The writers, critics and academics voted these as the most influential and enduring works of fiction. Here they explain why.
http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180521-the-top-10-stories-that-shaped-the-world?ocid=fbcul

1. The Odyssey (Homer, 8th Century BC)

The Odyssey, Homer’s epic poem of the 8th Century BC, topped our poll. Why was it the first choice? According to writer and broadcaster Natalie Haynes: “Because it is one of the great foundational myths of western culture; because it asks what it means to be a hero; because it has great female characters in it, as well as men; because it is full of gods and monsters and is properly epic and because it forces us to question the assumptions we might have about quests, war, and the ever-current issue of what it means to return home.”

Lisa Appignanesi, novelist and critic, picks out its influence on all that followed, arguing “It’s a basic story template – of the journey which is also a return”. Kenneth W Warren, Professor of English at the University of Chicago, agrees. “There’s no getting around how foundational Homer’s epic has been for storytelling in the West. The Odyssey has provided the architecture for the quest narrative and the template for characterising male and female virtue in ways that shape, enable, and limit our storytelling habits into the present.”

David Varno, literary critic, highlights the ingenuity woven through the epic poem: “The many triumphs of wit and grit on the part of Odysseus and Penelope must have counted for something over the millennia.” Meanwhile, Bethanne Patrick, Contributing Editor of Lit Hub, picks out another strand. “I believe the journey of Odysseus defined a streak of individualism particular to Western culture that has led to much change in the world – good and bad.”

And the novelist Beverley Naidoo hones in on the ways it has become embedded in wider culture: “The multiple stories within Odysseus’ 10-year journey home after the Trojan war, while faithful Penelope waits for him and son Telemachus seeks him, have seeped deep into our cultural consciousness. The human elements within this myriad of stories continue to resonate down the centuries, allowing endless reinterpretation.” (Credit: Howard Timberlake)

2. Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1852)

Harriet Beecher Stowe’s 1852 novel came in at number two, and for Zimbabwean novelist Tendai Huchu, “it is hard to think of any literary work today that could ever have such an impact.” Jenny Bhatt, writer and Contributing Editor at PopMatters calls it “the first widely-read political novel in the US” and “the first work of fiction that openly addressed the cruelty of slavery, human exploitation, the lopsided legal system, the entrenched patriarchy, the need for feminism, and more.”

It became one of the most popular books of the century – in the US and abroad – and is credited with radically altering the perception of slavery, with many voters noting its influence on the abolition movement. Its human focus and call for empathy struck a chord among readers. Author and novelist Roxana Robinson says it “told the story of slavery through the eyes of the enslaved, and was one of the first novels to show black characters as fathers and mothers, parents and children – human beings, who were living under inhuman conditions.”

The novel is not without its faults – translator Caroline Alexander calls it “embarrassingly sentimental” – and has perhaps, not aged well: today its characterisation is criticised for its “poor stereotypes” (Jenny Bhatt), while Tendai Huchu points out that “the term Uncle Tom has become an epithet of abuse, far from what the author intended.”

Nevertheless, its impact is undeniable, influencing generations of writers, and being translated into several languages. Novelist, poet and critic Elizabeth Rosner says it “effectively helped an entire nation not only to question its deplorable laws and practices but also to change forever a system of violently racist dehumanisation. That, for me, defines literature at its best.” And for Rebecca Steinitz, novelist and critic at The Boston Globe, “it continues to be a touchpoint for our reckoning with race and representation.” (Credit: Howard Timberlake)

3. Frankenstein (Mary Shelley, 1818)

Mary Shelley’s 1818 novel, which celebrates its 200th anniversary this year, is “the quintessential story of the modern world” says Roger Luckhurst, Professor of Modern and Contemporary Literature at Birkbeck College, London. It’s a “violent reconfiguring of our understanding of life and death, God and human and machine, in the pitiless light of modernity,” according to the US novelist and literary critic Lev Grossman.

The compelling story of the scientist who brings a creature to life has become one of the most enduring images in modern literature and beyond, and the monster serves as the “ultimate metaphor”, says Lena Wånggren, Research Fellow in English Literature at the University of Edinburgh.

The novel’s impact, both in terms of literature and in wider culture is immeasurable, as Nilanjana S Roy, novelist and Financial Times columnist, points out: “Frankenstein influenced scientists as well as writers… [and] speaks to the modern fear of the creations that spin out of our control”; for Tess Taylor, poet and reviewer for NPR's All Things Considered “this book has become not only a template whose basic narrative we now commonly share, but a lens through which to read our world.” (Credit: Howard Timberlake)

4. Nineteen Eighty-Four (George Orwell, 1949)

George Orwell’s ground-breaking dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four was a popular choice with our voters. Why? “Because it captures a truth about totalitarianism and human history,” says book critic Alex Clark. Novelist and reviewer at the Boston Globe, Rebecca Steinitz, meanwhile, comments on how the story’s “themes of totalitarianism, technology and surveillance have been endlessly relevant and resonant since the day it appeared.”

Adam Thorpe, critic and author of Missing Fay among other novels, points to the book’s unique blend of past and future: “The eponymous year itself may be long past, and the novel's gadgets now have a quaint, even hipsterish air, yet the date is still sealed in its nightmarish guise as a vision of the future.”

There is an “uncanny accuracy” says Jean Seaton, Professor of Media History at Westminster University, in the book’s definition of modern tyranny: “Now more than ever, we seem to live in the framework it identified… Even the author’s name – ‘Orwellian’ – conjures up a world of thought control. Its precision about the mechanisms of propaganda and the machinery of oppression has got it banned by every authoritarian regime: they are scared of its power to name horror. It is a handbook for those who want to resist.”

All those who chose Orwell’s masterpiece seem to agree on one thing – the novel’s scary prescience. “Big Brother gets all the attention,” says novelist and columnist Nilanjana S Roy. “But it’s the rest, the eagerness to join mobs, to obey, to hurt, that he caught so unforgettably.” Or, as BBC Culture Editor Rebecca Laurence succinctly puts it: “The ultimate 20th-Century novel becomes the ultimate 21st-Century novel. Terrifying.” (Credit: Howard Timberlake)

5. Things Fall Apart (Chinua Achebe, 1958)

Telling the story of the colonisation of a Nigerian tribe from the point of view of an African, Things Fall Apart exploded stereotypes about Africa and brought to life the true impact of cross-cultural misunderstandings. Achebe said that “this was the first time we were seeing ourselves, as autonomous individuals, rather than half-people, or as Conrad would say, ‘rudimentary souls’” – many of those who responded to our poll agreed, and it reached number five.

“Published within my lifetime, it has been possible to see the effect of a single work of fiction in offering a radically different ‘view of Africa’,” says the novelist Beverley Naidoo. “The European colonial narrative could never be the same after this first work by Achebe was published.”

It’s “an empowering African novel: it brought African experience to the world like no other African fiction has”, according to Dominica Dipio, Associate Professor of Literature at Makerere University in Uganda. Noun Fare, a novelist and journalist from Togo, calls Chinua Achebe’s 1959 novel “a milestone in African literature. It has come to be seen as the archetypal modern African novel in English, and is read in Nigeria and throughout Africa”.

By changing the filter through which the continent was seen, Things Fall Apart could help combat prejudices. “The novel showed readers what an African world looked like when it was not being reduced to canned images animated by racist assumptions,” says Ainehi Edoro-Glines, a Nigerian academic. “Achebe’s innovation was to change the conventions of modern storytelling so that instead of seeing darkness any time readers looked at Africa, they’d see what every novel was designed to show – a complex representation of life.” (Credit: Howard Timberlake)

6. One Thousand and One Nights (various authors, 8th-18th Centuries)

The classic One Thousand and One Nights, is another top pick. “A timeless work,” says Ainehi Edoro-Glines, Assistant Professor of Literature, Marquette University. “It gets at the primordial human desire for the story that never ends – which can very easily stand for life that never comes to an end.”

Ahdaf Soueif, novelist, writer and commentator, points out: “Many characters, motifs and quotations (‘Open Sesame!’) from this set of stories within stories have become common parlance across the world. In the west, the ‘Nights’ has definitely coloured the view of the ‘Orient.’” Or as BBC journalist Sophia Smith Galer puts it: “The symbols and characters in the stories – from Aladdin’s cave to devilish adventurers, djinn and harems – still show in 2018 how cultural appropriation, appreciation and racism continue to manifest within the parameters of Arabian Nights imagery.”

“It’s the deepest of wells,” says novelist and columnist Nilanjana S Roy. “In medieval and modern times, from writers to singers and film-makers, we never stopped drawing from it.” Critic Muneeza Shamsie, meanwhile, admires “Sheherazade’s courage, intelligence and confidence and the fact that she succeeds, asserts the power of storytelling and imagination over that of tyranny and terror – a concept which has strongly influenced the ideals and ideas of our world.” And Lena Merhej, a comic artist from Lebanon, picked the book “because it gives a subversive voice to a woman that uses it as a weapon for her survival.” (Credit: Howard Timberlake)

7. Don Quixote (Miguel de Cervantes, 1605-1615)

Many consider Don Quixote, published in two volumes, in 1605 and 1615, to be the first novel. Terry Hong, critic at the Smithsonian Asian-Pacific American Center, certainly thinks so: “The Western canon was established with this evergreen, never-aging buddy adventure.”

Miguel de Cervantes’ satirical account of an aging Spaniard besotted with tales of chivalry who becomes a latter-day knight-errant himself has inspired a long-in-development film by Terry Gilliam, which just premiered at the Cannes Film Festival, and a popular Broadway musical.

Susan Larson, critic at WWNO and The New Orleans Advocate, has an explanation for why it has endured for so long: “This comic masterpiece has inspired countless writers and readers across the centuries with the persistence and surprisingly modern charm of its questing protagonist and his loyal sidekick.”

So do we call Don Quixote the first buddy comedy, as well? David Varno, US-based literary critic, adds: “This portrait of determination to dream meaning into one's life continues to deepen our understanding of what it means to be human. We all have the potential to be a Quixote, for good or for ill, and Cervantes reminds us how important it is to laugh at this when it is revealed in others and in ourselves.” (Credit: Howard Timberlake)

8. Hamlet (William Shakespeare, 1603)

Perhaps unsurprisingly, William Shakespeare was one of the three most popular authors in the top 100, with three works on the list (the other two were Virginia Woolf and Franz Kafka). But it’s the Bard’s defining tragedy that came in highest – at number eight.

Why is this? “Few other stories have entered as deep into world culture and influenced the way we think about our muddled selves,” says UK author and critic Adam Thorpe. “We enter Hamlet’s inner core and emerge rinsed of illusion, yet fully aware that we are watching an actor playing someone forced to act just to save his life, remonstrating on the foot-scuffed line between sanity and madness.”

For US poet, novelist and critic Elizabeth Rosner, the story of the troubled Dane is “the play that exemplifies Shakespeare’s profound understanding of the human psyche in so much of its nuanced extremity. The themes and characters and even the structure of the play reveal our simultaneous blending of genius and self-sabotage, our capacity for love and hate, creativity and destruction.” (Credit: Howard Timberlake)

9. One Hundred Years of Solitude (Gabriel García Márquez, 1967)

Number nine in the poll, One Hundred Years of Solitude was chosen by experts with a wide range of nationalities – as well as writers from Chile, Colombia and Mexico, the novel by Gabriel García Márquez was among the picks of those from Egypt, Nigeria, South Korea, Algeria and Norway.

Many of them focused on how it helped to create a more global outlook. “It was the way the first world noticed Latin America existed,” says Oscar Contardo, a journalist at La Tercera newspaper, referring to Macondo – the town at the heart of the novel. “No matter if you are Chilean, Argentinian or Colombian, you will always be a Macondo citizen for the rest of the world.”

“It changed the possibilities of modern narrative and shifted consciousness from a Eurocentric position to a more global one,” according to the Egyptian novelist Ahdaf Soueif – while the South Korean author Krys Lee argues that “the novel was internationally influential in its style and in the way it influenced Latin and South American writers to look homeward for their cultural and literary models”.

Others focused on the style that García Márquez unleashed in his 1967 epic. Egyptian academic Marie Thérèse Abdelmessih says that it “emphasised the importance of magic realism to make readers re-visualise life experiences”; Nigerian academic Ainehi Edoro-Glines claims: “A text that arguably inaugurated magical-realism, 100 Years invented a new take on anti-realist writing.”

But for some, it went beyond merely placing Latin America on the world map – it reinvented the continent. “García Márquez embarked on a second Discovery of America,” writes Felipe Restrepo Pombo, Editor in Chief at Gatopardo magazine in Colombia. “He re-imagined the genesis of the continent and by doing so he changed its future forever.” And through that process, García Márquez allowed his readers to see an alternative future. “In a time of despair, dictatorship and military rule, the book encapsulates a formidable sense of hope,” says the Algerian novelist Mohamed Magani. (Credit: Howard Timberlake)

10. The Iliad (Homer, 8th Century BC)

Homer’s 8th-Century epic poem about the futility of war and gods making playthings of men has never stopped feeling immediate. Not only is it one of the finest literary evocations of soldiers in combat – and relevant to our own era of ‘forever war’ – it actually has inspired military action of its own.

US-based translator Caroline Alexander says, “The Iliad has had an inestimable influence on thought and history; it set the characters of the Olympian gods and informed the actions of Alexander the Great. Mostly its story and tragic characters still haunt us, as does its tragic vision of war”.

The Iliad also went a long way toward establishing the literary notion of the gods’ behaviour as reflective of humanity’s, as an on-going commentary on human passion and foible.

Kate Tuttle, president of the National Book Critics’ Circle in the US, says: “A tale of war and anger and love and revenge, The Iliad is both gripping and deeply moving, about human lives and feelings (even when held and expressed by gods).” (Credit: Howard Timberlake)

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Gutenberg Old Testament Bible of 1454. The Gutenberg Bible (also known as the 42-line Bible, the Mazarin Bible or the B42)

May 23, 2018, 5:20 pm

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Gutenberg Bible of the New York Public Library. Bought by James Lenox in 1847, it was the first copy to be acquired by a United States citizen.

The Gutenberg Bible (also known as the 42-line Bible, the Mazarin Bible or the B42) was the first major book printed using mass-produced movable metal type in Europe. It marked the start of the "Gutenberg Revolution" and the age of the printed book in the West. Widely praised for its high aesthetic and artistic qualities,^[1] the book has an iconic status. Written in Latin, the Gutenberg Bible is an edition of the Vulgate, printed by Johannes Gutenberg, in Mainz, in present-day Germany, in the 1450s. Since its publication, 49 copies (or substantial portions of copies) have survived, and they are considered to be among the most valuable books in the world even though no complete copy has been sold since 1978.^[2]^[3]

In March 1455, the future Pope Pius II wrote that he had seen pages from the Gutenberg Bible, being displayed to promote the edition, in Frankfurt. It is not known how many copies were printed, with the 1455 letter citing sources for both 158 and 180 copies.

The 36-line Bible, believed to be the second printed version of the Bible, is also sometimes referred to as a Gutenberg Bible, but is possibly the work of another printer.

[hide]

DW Culture

Johannes Gutenberg, the inventor of modern printing press, died 550 years ago. To celebrate the anniversary, a facsimile edition of the legendary Gutenberg Old Testament Bible of 1454 has been published.

The Gutenberg Bible re-published 550 years after his death

DW.COM

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TALES OF THE OLD TODAIJI 東大寺の昔話し

May 23, 2018, 5:14 am

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買到舊書有時候會莞爾。

東大寺の昔話し

発行元: 株式会社フジタ

Language: 日本語 | Number of Pages: | Format: Hardcover

Publish date: 01/01/1970

Illustrator or Penciler: 島本芳伸

摘要掌上書

TALES OF THE OLD TODAIJI

日文1983 英文 1985.4

書籤是" 東大寺年中行事"。

最有意思的是書封紙內有5比銀行存款帳號、金額等

Todaiji Temple is one of the amazing World Heritage sites in Nara. Don't miss this historically significant temple >> http://bit.ly/2GZjFuI

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John von Neumann and Norbert Wiener: From Mathematics to the Technologies of Life and Death 1982

May 24, 2018, 7:32 pm

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這本書說(美國)知識分子的歷史分叉點在1945年8月日本的兩次核爆.......

有點不可解的是，目前的《胡適日記》，1945年部分從缺。我還不知道原因。

John von Neumann and Norbert Wiener: From Mathematics to the Technologies of Life and Death First Edition Edition

by Steve Joshua Heims (Author)

Review

"The stuff of Heims' study—a pair of child prodigies, mathematical geniuses, eccentrics, Jews, academic heavyweights, cultural powers—is almost too good to be true. Wiener and von Neumann were legends in their lifetimes, men whose paths often crossed and whose mutual affection and respect persisted, even when political views separated them in later years...provocative and fascinating."
—Kirkus Reviews

"A joint biography of two of the intellectual giants of the 20th century.... Heims captures the tension of the Manhattan Project...and continues with the story of the nuclear weapons race of the early 1950s, which he views as inhuman. He also seeks to define the social function of scientists."
—Library Journal

Using this book as a soapbox for the author's opinions on nuclear warfare does little justice to either of the subjects.

March 16, 2018

Format: PaperbackVerified Purchase

A great subject for a book: compare and contrast two great mathematicians from the same era. The first 10 chapters do this very well. It all goes wrong when nuclear weapons enter the picture. The author presents his own opinions as dogma and this elevates the pacifist Wiener and denigrates the hawkish von Neumann, I should be clear - I actually share the author's view about the lack of moral justification for Hiroshima and Nagasaki. However, my view arises from careful consideration of the persuasive arguments made both for and against. The author ignores balanced argument and instead presents his (and, by chance, my own) opinion as incontestable fact. Von Neumann's magnificent contribution to economic theory - The Theory of Games - is badly played down on the grounds that its application to military strategy might lead to global annihilation. Using this book as a soapbox for the author's opinions on nuclear warfare does little justice to either of the subjects.

Paperback: 568 pages
Publisher: The MIT Press; First Edition edition (June 17, 1982)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 026258056X

John Von Neumann and Norbert Wiener: From Mathematics to the Technologies of Life and Death

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Censored： Distraction and Diversion Inside China's Great Firewall

May 24, 2018, 10:51 pm

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CensoredDistraction and Diversion Inside China's Great FirewallMargaret E. Roberts

Censored: Distraction and Diversion Inside China’s Great Firewall

審查：中國防火牆內的攻心和轉心

A groundbreaking and surprising look at contemporary censorship in China

As authoritarian governments around the world develop sophisticated technologies for controlling information, many observers have predicted that these controls would be ineffective because they are easily thwarted and evaded by savvy Internet users. In Censored, Margaret Roberts demonstrates that even censorship that is easy to circumvent can still be enormously effective. Taking advantage of digital data harvested from the Chinese Internet and leaks from China's Propaganda Department, this important book sheds light on how and when censorship influences the Chinese public.

Roberts finds that much of censorship in China works not by making information impossible to access but by requiring those seeking information to spend extra time and money for access. By inconveniencing users, censorship diverts the attention of citizens and powerfully shapes the spread of information. When Internet users notice blatant censorship, they are willing to compensate for better access. But subtler censorship, such as burying search results or introducing distracting information on the web, is more effective because users are less aware of it. Roberts challenges the conventional wisdom that online censorship is undermined when it is incomplete and shows instead how censorship's porous nature is used strategically to divide the public.

Drawing parallels between censorship in China and the way information is manipulated in the United States and other democracies, Roberts reveals how Internet users are susceptible to control even in the most open societies. Demonstrating how censorship travels across countries and technologies, Censored gives an unprecedented view of how governments encroach on the media consumption of citizens.

MargaretE. Roberts is assistant professor of political science at the University of California, San Diego.

Stand News 立場新聞

// Margaret E. Roberts 新作《滅聲》(Censored: Distraction and Diversion Inside China’s Great Firewall)，形容擅於審查資訊的中國政府，是一個「迹近完美的案例」(a nearly ideal case)，皆因中國新聞審查之伎，手法包羅萬象，網絡警察與五毛黨龐大成軍、防火長城無遠弗屆、高科技應用超前，蟻民自覺變成奴隸，傲視全球專制同儕。

Roberts 把政府主導的審查行為，歸類為三個 ‘F’，第一是製造恐懼 (Fear)、第二是增加阻力(Friction)，第三是資訊泛濫 (Flooding) 以混淆視聽 ... //

強國崛起，開創新時代人類政治文明，其中一個偉大貢獻，正是豐富了人們對「新聞審查」的認識與想像。

美國學者 Margaret E. Roberts 新作《滅聲》(Censored: Distraction and Diversion Inside China’s Great Firewall)，形容擅於審查資訊的中國政府，是一個「迹近完美的案例」(a nearly ideal case)，皆因中國新聞審查之伎，手法包羅萬象，網絡警察與五毛黨龐大成軍、防火長城無遠弗屆、高科技應用超前，蟻民自覺變成奴隸，傲視全球專制同儕。

Roberts 把政府主導的審查行為，歸類為三個 ‘F’，第一是製造恐懼 (Fear)、第二是增加阻力(Friction)，第三是資訊泛濫 (Flooding) 以混淆視聽。

「製造恐懼」正是最傳統的滅聲伎倆，透過法令與高壓行政手段阻嚇人發布消息，如微博封號、撤換媒體編輯、以言入罪等。但此手段若針對廣大群眾，可能有反效果，會影響政府公信力，也吸引民眾更留意政府不想你知的事。新聞封鎖太高調，會出現所謂「史翠珊效應」。美國著名藝人芭芭拉史翠珊，十多年前不滿一個民間組織航拍加州海岸照片，令其大宅曝光，侵犯其私隱，遂興訟禁制，但史翠珊敗訴。案件引人注目，數以十萬計網民湧到網站查看其大宅照片，結果欲蓋彌彰，適得其反。

故精明的審查黑手，會把威逼利誘的手段，集中用於關鍵發布者，如媒體把關人及意見領袖，很多人為了趨吉避凶，老大哥還未出手，已經乖乖就範。

「增加阻力」的手段，則較隱密亦較高明，例如不想你接觸的網站，會減慢網速、封鎖網站、不讓你搜索敏感詞，雖然你可以買軟件翻牆或重覆嘗試，但要額外付出時間與金錢，等同一種「資訊稅」(tax on information)。現實中，大部分人不關心政治，無耐性，亦無時間；況且娛樂資訊選擇多，少少麻煩已足以令人放棄追蹤政府不想你知的新聞。

作者引述北京清華大學 2015 年做的全國調查，訪問了三千多城鎮居民，六成人會上網，當中48% 網民表示不知道「翻牆」是什麼，知道可以翻牆的人中，只有 18% 曾經用 VPN 翻牆，即是說，網民中只有約 8.3% 曾經翻牆。從未翻牆的人被問原因，恐懼 (2%) 與可能違法 (9%) 佔比例很少，較多不翻牆的人表示無需要 (45%)、不懂得如何翻 (15%) 及麻煩(14%)，可見縱使有翻牆的可能，大部分人根本不利用亦不關心。

在香港，大家可以留意由國家控制的香港連鎖書店，好些敏感話題書籍已不能上架或入貨極少，令你難以買到，有效減少流通，而且普通人不易察覺，正是「增加阻力」之妙用。

「資訊泛濫」之法，則發放大量無關宏旨的訊息，如洪水暴發，轉移視線，令人花多眼亂；眾聲喧嘩中，平常人無時間無心力分辨真假輕重。大家有眼見，眾多新興親建制媒體，主打軟性新聞、消閑資訊、娛樂至死。作者又追蹤中國網軍與五毛黨的宣揚策略，出乎意料，他們其實很少挑起政治爭論，主要做啦啦隊，動員愛國心、中國夢、感恩、宣揚傳統文化、寫寫名言與心靈雞湯正能量，往往在政治敏感時期有分散注意力的效果。

也許有人會問，如此「資訊豐富」都是審查一種？Roberts 認為，此舉有效淹沒政府不想你知的訊息，增加人們找尋有意義訊息的成本，就有消聲的效果。所謂言論自由，除了說話的自由，要需要有被聽到的可能；若然言論被淹沒，或渠道被堵塞，這種言論自由並無意義。

說到中國新聞審查嚴苛，傳媒訊息片面，很多內地朋友必然一臉不同意，也許還會覺得自己上網很自由。這正是審查黑手高明之處。

Roberts 形容中國的審查方式，是 Porous Censorship ，姑且名之「孔洞審查」，即是審查系統未至於鐵板一塊，而是有孔洞，敏感訊息還有散播的方式。

例如中國技術上可以完全禁止民眾翻牆，網上禁言可以更堅壁清野，完全封鎖臉書，甚至可以訂立行政命令拘捕翻牆的人；還未做，乃因避免惹來大反彈，反而損害政府公信力，況且利用「增加阻力」的方式減慢網絡上政治不正確訊息的傳播速度，已能有效阻止殺傷力大的負面訊息流傳。加上現時以「資訊泛濫」的方式淹沒民眾觸覺，令人感覺資訊目不暇給；政府刪了什麼、媒介缺了什麼重要訊息，平常人不易察覺；就算發覺有不妥，也可能以為是社交媒體演算法不向你提供某些訊息，而非背後有黑手。
Roberts 的研究發現，內地積極翻牆尋找訊息的人，比例極少，都屬學歷高、掌握網絡技術、關心政治的一群；絕大部分人都是「理性地無知」(rationally ignorant)。選取訊息時，只求方便、容易、減少成本，網絡慢了，很快就放棄，以為網絡不暢，根本不知道原來是政府刻意為之。

這種審查新境界，已經到了 Aldous Huxley 在《勇敢新世界》一書前言所述的境地：真正高效的極權管治，正是獨攬大權的政治大佬與其執行大軍，控制一大群不須被脅迫的奴隸。

起來，不願做奴隸的人們。這句歌詞，歷久不衰，仍然充滿現實意義。

接下來還會有何新式審查高招？Roberts 提出一個可能：以後的網絡審查，也可以個人化，按你的政治危險程度，封鎖不同訊息，或灌輸老大哥想洗你腦的訊息。一如現時網絡廣告，以大數據洞悉你想法後，再為你的消費模式度身發送宣傳品；日後的審查，也可因應你的政治不正確程度，調校審查內容。技術上，隨時做得到。

平凡人如何應對？Roberts 追蹤觀察中國網民於微博遭刪文的反應，發現若網民知道自己發布的訊息遭審查屏蔽的話，不罷休，會更積極發文。

結果帶來一點啟示：蟻民首先要深刻認識審查手法，這是防止被愚弄的第一步；我們也要運手僅餘的自由，盡力把老大哥熟練的攻心計手段與各種審查戰略大聲疾呼、公諸於世。審查資訊等同欺騙、愚民，亦代表心虧、有隱瞞、有黑幕；暴露審查伎倆，縱使不能摧毀審查機器，最少能讓人看清其華麗外衣下的虛偽與險詐，讓體制公信力歸零，操控陰招事倍功半。

*** *** ***

(本文部分內容原刊於明報專欄《2047夜》，此為加長版，本文內容絕大部分引述自 Roberts 新書，包括 Aldous Huxley 之引文。)

相關文章：
新聞自由三個黑洞
新聞審查二十道陰影
下一站天國 (新書自序)

審查新境界：中國對世界的偉大貢獻 | 區家麟 | 立場新聞

強國崛起，開創新時代人類政治文明，其中一個偉大貢獻，正是豐富了人們對「新聞審查」的認識與想像。...

THESTANDNEWS.COM

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《20世紀的書》紐約時報書評

May 26, 2018, 2:08 am

≫ Next: 劉述先《文化哲學的試探》《.論人》André Malraux 《人的狀況----中國 1927風雲》；劉述先《馬爾勞與中國》

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20世紀的書

Books of the Century: A Hundred Years of Authors, Ideas and Literature

作者：《紐約時報書評》作者群

譯者：張文，李燕芬，朱孟勳，陸蘭芝，劉建台，楊惠君
出版社：聯經出版公司 2000；北京：三聯，2002

　《紐約時報書評》是美國歷史最悠久、擁有最多讀者的書評副刊，創始於1896年，1911年以前每週六見報，之後則每週日見報，年復一年，為無數《紐約時報》讀者開啟每週愉快的精神儀式。《20世紀的書》依編年體例，從中精選自1896年到1997年的最佳書評作品，簡潔精鍊地描繪當代各舉足輕重的作家及思想家，為讀者開展一百年來的文化旅程。其刻畫入微，令人難忘。

******

由於有索引，找本周過世的 Philips Roth，讀後，一定有啟發。
***
三聯版752頁的，主題同，內容卻不相同呢：

Overcoming Law - The New York Times

www.nytimes.com/books/98/12/06/specials/posner-law.html

Does "overcoming law" mean replacing the tired apparatus of courts, clerks and casebooks with cost-benefit analysis and panels of economic experts? Judge Posner says no: the rule of law is "a public good of immense value," with its norms of impartiality and predictability.

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劉述先《文化哲學的試探》《.論人》André Malraux 《人的狀況----中國 1927風雲》；劉述先《馬爾勞與中國》

May 26, 2018, 10:00 am

≫ Next: Psycho/History: Readings in the Method of Psychology, Psychoanalysis, and History

≪ Previous: 《20世紀的書》紐約時報書評

2017年5月24日 20:49
現在的學生抗議學校要求其畢業時，"英文檢定級數".....其實，大學己乎無法要求其學生最起碼的學術，譬如說，或許大部分的系，該要求學生修"大一微積分"......【文化哲學的試探】
台北：新潮，1970，215頁："負數"、"關係"、"功能" (sic，函數。)

Hanching Chunghttp://hanchingchung.blogspot.tw/2017/05/andre-malraux.html管理
André Malraux；劉述先及其【馬爾勞與中國】參考資料
HANCHINGCHUNG.BLOGSPOT.TW
http://hanchingchung.blogspot.tw/2017/05/andre-malraux.html

André Malraux was born in Paris, France on this day in 1901.
"What is man? A miserable little pile of secrets."
--from "Antimémoires" (1967)
Writer, publisher, war hero, French government minister, André Malraux was renowned as a Renaissance man of the twentieth century. Now, Olivier Todd–author of the acclaimed biography Albert Camus–gives us this life, in which fact competes dramatically with his subject’s previously little-known mythomania. We see the adventurous young Malraux move from 1920s literary Paris to colonial Cambodia, Cochin China, and Spain in its civil war. Todd charts the thrilling exploits that would inspire such novels as Man’s Fate, but, just as fascinating, he also traces Malraux’s lifelong pattern of lies: claiming friendship with Mao, he was called to tutor Nixon, despite having met the Great Helmsman only once; a minor injury becomes in recollections a near-mortal battlefield wound; stories of heroism in the French Resistance omit to mention that Malraux joined up just a few weeks before the Allied landings. With meticulous research, Todd separates myth from reality to throw light on a brilliant con man who would become a national hero, but he also lets us see Malraux’s genuine achievements as both writer and man of action. His real life and the one he embroidered come together in this superb biography to reveal how Malraux, the protean genius, became his own greatest character.

André Malraux - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/André_Malraux‎

André Malraux DSO was a French novelist, art theorist and Minister for Cultural Affairs. Malraux's novel La Condition Humaine (Man's Fate) (1933) won the Prix ...

Malraux's novel La Condition Humaine (Man's Fate) (1933) won the Prix ...
英文另外版本為Man's Estate 1961 企鵝版
漢譯可能也數種

馬爾羅《人的狀況----中國1927風雲》桂林:灕江1990

Les Voix du silence, 1951 (The Voices of Silence, 1953) 也有英文/漢文本

2016.7.1 曹永洋學長來談。他說他想寫篇紀念劉述先先生《文學欣賞的靈魂》的文章。
我跟他推薦劉教授夫婦合作的《文學欣賞的靈魂 II》---就我所知：

劉述先《馬爾勞與中國》香港:中文大學，1981

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Psycho/History: Readings in the Method of Psychology, Psychoanalysis, and History

May 27, 2018, 1:36 am

≫ Next: 《承受清風》 Inherit the Wind by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee,

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幾年前許達然老師送給我的書。

See this image

Psycho/History: Readings in the Method of Psychology, Psychoanalysis, and History Paperback – September 10, 1987

Psycho/History

Readings in the Method of Psychology, Psychoanalysis, and History

Edited by Geoffrey Cocks and Travis Crosby

1987
My Shopping Account

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《承受清風》 Inherit the Wind by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee,

May 27, 2018, 8:05 am

≫ Next: 伯羅奔尼撒戰爭史History Of The Peloponnesian War The History of the Peloponnesian War; Thucydides’s trap (希臘文: Θουκυδίδης)

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Inherit the Wind is an American play by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee, which debuted in 1955. The story fictionalizes the 1925 Scopes "Monkey" Trial as a means to discuss the then-contemporary McCarthy trials.^[1]^[2] The debate over creationismversus evolution has contemporary resonance, as evidenced by the play's numerous revivals and screen adaptations decades after its initial theatrical run.^[3]

《承受清風》李海倫譯，香港：今日世界出版社，1981

[hide]

Title[edit]

The play's title comes from Proverbs 11:29, which in the King James Bible reads:

He that troubleth his own house shall inherit the wind: and the fool shall be servant to the wise of heart.

In Act Two, Scene One, Brady admonishes Reverend Brown with this Bible quote for alienating his daughter when he gives a fiery sermon against Cates.

29危害自己家庭的，必承受虛幻；愚昧的人，必作心智者的奴隸。

- 箴言11:29 『擾害己家的，必承受清風；愚昧人必作慧心人的僕人。』

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伯羅奔尼撒戰爭史History Of The Peloponnesian War The History of the Peloponnesian War; Thucydides’s trap (希臘文: Θουκυδίδης)

May 26, 2018, 8:55 pm

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Thucydides’ account of The Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta is one of the classic pieces of writing on war. Thucydides, himself a failed Athenian admiral, wrote a detailed history of the war which, unlike the writings of his contemporaries, explained events by reference to the interplay of personalities and power rather than by the divine intervention of the gods. Above all, his account is written from a realist perspective which seeks to explain and understand rather than to moralize about war, although he does moralize implicitly and explicitly about the domestic pressures for war.

"I have written my work, not as an essay which is to win the applause of the moment, but as a possession for all time."

伯羅奔尼撒戰爭史History Of The Peloponnesian War

伯羅奔尼撒戰爭史

History Of The Peloponnesian War

作者：修昔底德新功能介紹
原文作者： Thucydides
譯者：謝德風/譯
出版社：台灣商務
出版日期：2000/

　Mary Renault (1905-1983)一九五六年的《殘酒》（The Last of the Wine）以伯羅奔尼撒戰爭（431–404 BC）為背景，講述在柏拉圖老師蘇格拉底門下的一對雅典情侶十三年的流離。呂西斯與阿列克西亞的關係，再現了雅典所崇尚的男同性戀習俗：較年長的「愛者」（erastes）要擔當他傾慕的少年「所愛」（eromenos）的精神導師。兩人彷彿是另一時空的拉爾夫與羅瑞，因生活在一個推崇男風的英雄主義時代，而能更加高貴而長久地相愛。戰爭與和平交替，暴民與寡頭輪番上台，雅典由盛而衰的歷程如長卷一樣徐徐鋪展。這小說一舉奠定了瑞瑙特作為歷史文學大師的地位，也確立了她用得爐火純青的敘事手法—第一人稱回憶體的成長小說。

【绕不开的修昔底德陷阱，美中必有一战？】

2015年9月，中国国家主席 #习近平对美国进行国事访问期间，“修昔底德陷阱”(Thucydides Trap)一说的提出者——美国知名国际关系和外交政策学者、哈佛大学教授格雷厄姆·艾里森(Graham T. Allison)在《大西洋月刊》(The Atlantic)上发表了题为《修昔底德陷阱：美国和中国正在走向战争？》的文章，指出快速崛起的中国必将冲击美国主导的国际秩序。在这一过程中，新兴大国中国和守成大国美国极有可能爆发战争。艾里森在他刚刚出版的新书《注定一战：美国和中国能否逃脱修昔底德陷阱？》(Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides’s Trap)详尽阐述了这一观点。他表示，如果美国不及时拿出全面应对方案，不做出重大战略调整，美中极有可能爆发灾难性的冲突，而冲突的导火索将极有可能是朝鲜。

全文链接： https://goo.gl/c9BvZe

绕不开的修昔底德陷阱，美中必有一战？

2015年9月，中国国家主席习近平对美国进行国事访问期间，“修昔底德陷阱”(Thucydides Trap)一说的提出者——美国知名国际关系和外交政策学者、哈佛大学教授格雷厄姆·艾里森(Graham T. Allison)在《大西洋月刊》(The Atlantic)上发表了题为《修昔底德陷阱：美国和中国正在走向战争？》的文章

VOACHINESE.COM

The Thucydides Trap is a bit of a stretch - The Washington Post

2017.4

Allison derived his interesting metaphor, the “Thucydides Trap,” from the fifth-century B.C. Peloponnesian War recounted by the ancient Greek historian Thucydides. The combatants were the ruling power Sparta, which the “trap” describes as corresponding to 21st-century United States, and the rising power Athens, corresponding to today’s China. Thucydides attributed the war to the “growth in power of Athens, and the alarm which this inspired in Sparta,” spurring the latter to launch what became a 27-year war.

But the comparisons do not end there. The Thucydides Trap further stretches history and credulity by presuming equivalence with other distant wars. Allison’s examples date to the 16th-century war between the ruling power France and the rising power the Habsburgs, the 17th-century war between the Dutch Republic and England, and the 19th-century war between the ruling power France and the rising power Germany — among several others, reaching back centuries. But the equivalences with 21st-century United States and China — geostrategic challenges and opportunities, international order, deepening and irreversible globalization, myriad interdependences, robust trade, potentially existential nature of war today and preferred resort to diplomacy — don’t really hold up. Especially not to ancient Sparta and Athens.

-----2015.9.27

習近平在訪美演說中提到了"修昔底德陷阱"....那用功的C編, 就在此開課說明, 何謂"修昔底德陷阱" Thucydides’s trap (希臘文: Θουκυδίδης) : 即一個新崛起的大國必會挑戰當世大國，而當世的大國也必然會回應這種威脅; 如此的話, 戰爭就變得無可避免。

注定對抗？令美國不安的中國崛起 - BBC 中文网

BBC中國事務編輯凱瑞從習訪美講話中提到修昔底德陷阱起，分析強權合作與對抗並存的大局。

BBC.COM

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Thucydides (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thucydides_(disambiguation)

Thucydides Trap, where a rising power causes fear in an established power which escalates toward war.

In the news

The Thucydides Trap: Are the US and China Headed for War?

The Atlantic‎ - 3 days ago

A risk associated with Thucydides's Trap is that business as usual—not just an unexpected, ...

More news for thucydides trap

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Harper's Weekly, Winslow Homer (American, 1836–1910)

May 27, 2018, 6:14 pm

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Winslow Homer - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winslow_Homer

Winslow Homer (February 24, 1836 – September 29, 1910) was an American landscape painter and printmaker, best known for his marine subjects.

Notable work‎: ‎Harper's Weekly Magazine‎; ‎Ball...

Movement‎: ‎Realism

Nationality‎: ‎American

Known for‎: ‎Drawing; ‎Wood engraving‎; ‎Oil pain...

‎Homer's studio · ‎Early landscapes and ... · ‎Maine and maturity · ‎U.S. stamp

Harper's Weekly - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harper%27s_Weekly

Harper's Weekly, A Journal of Civilization was an American political magazine based in New York City. Published by Harper & Brothers from 1857 until 1916, ...

Year founded‎: ‎1857

First issue‎: ‎January 3, 1857

Based in‎: ‎New York City, New York

Company‎: ‎Harper & Brothers

‎History · ‎Inception · ‎Civil War coverage · ‎"President maker"

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Homer designed this print in June 1861 during the opening weeks of the Civil War. It shows young women gathered indoors on a summer afternoon to sew uniforms for Union soldiers. They make havelocks, cloth covers for military caps with long flaps at the back that protect the neck from the sun, and one of the seamstresses models a finished example. The lack of a male presence reminds of the men who have departed for the army, leaving wives, sweethearts, and sisters behind. The shadowed portrait of a soldier on the wall foreshadows the loss of life to come. https://met.org/2GNl2LN

Featured Artwork of the Day: Winslow Homer (American, 1836–1910) | The War – Making Havelocks for the Volunteers | June 28, 1861

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余紀忠到蔡衍明的《中國時報》

May 27, 2018, 6:34 pm

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Windson Chen 分享了 1 則貼文。

所謂「天方夜譚」就是這種比「假新聞」還瞎的驚爆～柯P已在電台公開表態2020年支持小英連任；不解這下筆記者、發稿編輯、核稿主任、監督見報的副總編輯、負全責的總編輯⋯到底在把什麼關？明明白白已昭告天下不投入2020年總統大選，竟還扯到2024年！辦報到這程度，只為創報的余紀忠扼腕！賣米果的集團再繼續扮演「亂台」喉舌角色，老天絕對有眼*

《中國時報》，是中華民國一份綜合性中文報紙，常被簡稱為《中時》，由中國時報社編輯與發行，《中國時報》由知名報人余紀忠創辦於1950年，現任董事長為蔡衍明，發行人為黃清龍，總經理為蔡紹中，總編輯為王綽中。

The Penguin Book of Lies by Philip Kerr (Editor)

May 27, 2018, 7:32 pm

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The Penguin Book of Lies Hardcover – January 1, 1991

by Philip Kerr (Editor)

Hardcover: 608 pages
Publisher: Viking (January 1, 1991)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0670825603

Selections from authors from ancient times to the twentieth century discuss noteworthy lies and liars from history and the nature of lying as different periods have viewed it

When the great German archaeologist Schliemann exclaimed (if indeed he did so), ‘I have gazed upon the face of Agamemnon!’ he was not uttering a lie, nor was he being economical with the truth. His imagination was carried away by the soaring possibilities, in the world of fact, which his successful excavations had revealed. The imagination adores whatever can give the appearance of fact, as most good writers know. When Hardy tells us that the raindrops before a thunderstorm make spots on the road as large as nasturtium leaves, no reader is going to take him up on it. When Kipling tells us that a man’s blood on an Indian parade ground dries in the sun like goldbeaters’ skin, cracks lozenge-wise, and curls up like dumb tongues, we are too mesmerised to be sceptical, although, in his brief and sensible treatise on English prose style, Herbert Read very pertinently enquired if anyone had actually seen those ‘tongues’.

The full text of this book review is only available to subscribers of the London Review of Books.

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The Penguin Book of Lies

Philip Kerr

3.18 · Rating details · 28 Ratings · 5 Reviews

Humans have always been economical with the truth. This anthology surveys some of the world's greatest deceits from the monumental lies of history.

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René Wellek著《批評的概念》Concepts of Criticism

May 27, 2018, 8:11 pm

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≪ Previous: The Penguin Book of Lies by Philip Kerr (Editor)

René Wellek - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/René_Wellek

René Wellek (August 22, 1903 – November 11, 1995) was a Czech-American comparative literary critic. Like Erich Auerbach, Wellek was an eminent product of ...

張今言譯,雷內.韋勒克Rene & Wellek著,〈文學研究中的現實主義概念〉,《批評的概念》(杭州:中國美術學院出版社,1999)

Concepts of Criticism, Ed. Stephen G. Nichols, Jr. New Haven: Yale UP, 1963. (Collection of Wellek's essays)

内容简介

编辑

作者的学术工作一向以透彻的理论分析、渊博的常识和超越国界的广阔视野见长，因此受到欧美学术界很高的评价。他的许多著作被译成多种文字，传播很广，影响深远。由于他的丰硕研究成果，世界各国的最高学府，如牛津、哈佛、罗马、哥伦比亚等大学，都授予他荣誉学位。此外他还担任过国际比较文学协会美国比较文学协会学术组织的主席。

作者简介

编辑

雷内·韦勒克（Rene Wellek,1903-1995），当代享有国际声誉的美国文学理论家和比较文学学者，原籍捷克。早年就读于布拉格查理大学，1926年获博士学位，其后曾在英国伦敦大学教授斯拉夫语言。20年代末他移居美国，先后在衣阿华大学、耶鲁大学作教。作者通晓十种语言，毕生从事文学研究，著作甚丰。其主要著作有《康德在英国》（1931）、《英国文学史的兴起》（1941）、《文学理论》（1949）、《批评的概念》（1963）、《辨析》（1970》、《四个批评家》（1981）和《现代批评史》（1955-1992）等。

作者的学术工作一向以透彻的理论分析、渊博的学识和超越国界的广阔视野见长，因此受到欧美学术界很高的评价。他的许多著作被译成多种文字，传播很广，影响深远。由于他的丰硕研究成果，世界各国的最高学府，如牛津、哈佛、罗马、哥伦比亚等大学，都授予他荣誉学位。此外他还担任过国际比较文学协会、美国比较文学协会等学术组织的主席，这也足以说明他在这一研究领域享有的崇高声望。

《程硯秋戲劇文集》柳存仁《外国的月亮程砚秋/程腔与龙井茶》

May 28, 2018, 5:06 am

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≪ Previous: René Wellek著《批評的概念》Concepts of Criticism

程砚秋戏剧文集

作者: 程砚秋
出版社: 文化艺术出版社
出版年: 2003-12-1
页数: 642

程硯秋戲劇文集北京：華藝，2010

程硯秋- 維基百科，自由的百科全書 - Wikipedia

https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/程砚秋

程硯秋（1904年1月1日－1958年3月9日）著名京劇表演藝術家。清光緒二十九年農曆十一月十四日酉時生於北京，滿洲正黃旗人，程佳氏。最早官名是承麟，硯秋恩師羅 ...

維基百科，自由的百科全書

程硯秋與梅蘭芳（左）

程硯秋（1904年1月1日－1958年3月9日）著名京劇表演藝術家。清光緒二十九年農曆十一月十四日酉時生於北京，滿洲正黃旗人，程佳氏。最早官名是承麟，硯秋恩師羅惇曧先生把「承」改為漢姓「程」。程硯秋最初藝名是菊儂，1918年改為艷秋，字玉霜，後改御霜，取意於「艷於秋者厥為菊」，後改藝名為程硯秋，取意「硯田勤耕秋為收」。「四大名旦」之一，青衣程派創始人。

生平[編輯]

程硯秋幼年家貧，6歲經人介紹賣身入榮蝶仙門下學京劇，登台後不久聲譽鵲起，被羅癭公賞識。程聽從羅癭公的安排，分別拜師梅蘭芳及梅蘭芳的老師王瑤卿學習京劇（羅癭公和王瑤卿是好朋友）。程嗓音條件並不好，但是在王瑤卿的指點下，發展成了婉轉深沉的程派唱腔。1922年18歲首次到上海演出，引起轟動。

1920年梅蘭芳的原配夫人王明華，即是硯秋的師娘，向程硯秋介紹果湘琳（京劇藝人）之長女與之訂婚。那年程硯秋才16歲，還很年輕不想早成家，提婚的事就擱置了下來。1921年2月羅癭公與梅家再次撮合，這次提親的對象不是原來果家的長女，而是次女果秀英，那時提親是不讓相親的，硯秋被帶到一家列有果家全家福照片的照相館，程硯秋看了照片覺得很好。1923年4月9日梅蘭芳、王明華夫婦為媒，舉行結婚聘禮儀式。1923年4月26日，程、果二人舉行結婚典禮，羅癭公並為秀英更名作果素瑛。

1932年1月與焦菊隱赴法國考察戲劇。程硯秋是一位愛國藝術家，他曾演愛國戲劇《亡蜀鑒》（川劇也有該劇，名為《江油關》）。抗日戰爭期間，他在北京通過義演為抗日捐款，並且拒絕為日本人唱戲，但最終由於被迫害，無法繼續演出，所以程硯秋回鄉務農直到戰爭結束。

1953年任中國戲曲研究院副院長，1954年當選為第一屆全國人大代表，1957年加入中國共產黨，1958年3月9日20時20分，程硯秋因患心肌梗塞於北京逝世。

程硯秋所演的戲，大多數都反映了普通百姓或舊社會婦女的苦難，多為悲劇，如《荒山淚》《春閨夢》《文姬歸漢》等，只有《鎖麟囊》有一個大團圓的結局，這也是當今程派戲迷票友相當喜歡的一齣戲。程硯秋晚年最後一部戲是《英台抗婚》。中年後兼致力於戲曲理論研究，對舞台藝術和劇種源流等有所論述，編為《程硯秋文集》。

劇目[編輯]

程硯秋所演的劇目有《梨花記》、《花舫緣》、《紅拂傳》、《玉鏡台》、《風流棒》、《鴛鴦冢》、《賺文娟》、《玉獅墜》、《青霜劍》、《亡蜀鑒》、《金鎖記》、《碧玉簪》、《聶隱娘》、《梅妃》、《沈雲英》、《文姬歸漢》、《斟情記》、《朱痕記》、《荒山淚》、《春閨夢》、《費宮人》、《鎖麟囊》、《女兒心》、《馬昭儀》等。其中《荒山淚》被拍成電影。

外部連結[編輯]

余敏玲：〈程硯秋與中國共產黨〉。
《京劇大師程硯秋》當代中國出版、ISBN:9787801705723，作者：胡金兆。
《程硯秋在戲曲改革中的命運》文摘報，2006秋。
《追憶硯秋》果素瑛
《細雨連芳草，都被他帶將春去了——程硯秋往事》，作者：章詒和。批踢踢實業坊轉載，章詒和2005年3月－2006年6月於北京守愚齋。

程砚秋（上）https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dc11GtPsfl0

柳存仁

外国的月亮

作者: 柳存仁
出版社: 上海古籍出版社
出版年: 2002-05
页数: 287

内容简介 · · · · · ·

作者柳存仁先生为著名旅澳学者，对中国古代文化，如文学、历史、哲学等方面有深入的研究。本书为某散文集，主要分三部分，一是从一个中国文人的角度来看西方世界，二是回忆和评述中国近现代文艺名人，三是从中国古代文化出发，对现代社会现象进行联想或反思。读者不仅可从中了解若干古今中外的奇闻趣事，而且也会对中外的一些文化现象有所感悟。

作者简介 · · · · · ·

柳存仁（1917-2009），华裔澳大利亚学者，祖籍山东临清。曾名柳雨生。1917年生于北京，毕业于北京大学，获文学士；曾获伦敦大学荣誉文学士、哲学博士及文学博士学位。是澳大利亚人文科学院的首届院士、英国及北爱尔兰皇家亚洲学会会员。曾任澳大利亚国立大学中文讲座教授、亚洲研究学院院长，退休后被选为名誉教授及大学研究员。1966年至1989年间担任哈佛燕京学社、哥伦比亚大学、夏威夷大学、巴黎大学、香港中文大学中国文化研究所、马来亚大学、早稻田大学、新加坡大学、新西兰渥克兰大学的访问教授。1974年和1977年，作为澳大利亚科学院访问团成员两次访问中国。1984年，应中国社会科学院世界宗教研究所的邀请在北京作了一系列关于道教史的讲演。此后，多次回中国参加学术会议，促进国内外汉学的交流。1992年，荣获澳大利亚政府颁赠的 AO（Order of Australia）勋衔和勋章。

柳存仁教授是世界著名的汉学家，在许多领域的考证有突破性贡献。他的研究集中在道教史、明清小说和中国古籍等方面，其成就在国际汉学界有很高的地位。中文著述主要有《和风堂文集》、《和风堂新文集》；英文著述主要有 Buddhist and Taoist Influence on Chinese Novels, Chinese Popular Fiction in Two London Libraries, Selected Papers from the Hall of Harmonious Wind, New Excursions from the Hall of Harmonious Wind。

2009年8月中旬，逝世於澳大利亚坎培拉。留下未刊著作《道藏提要》（暂名）稿本约共五十册。

目录 · · · · · ·

序
外国的月亮
外国的苍蝇
外国的雪
外国的戏
旅欧行简（1－46则）
说辩论之益
蔡孑民
章太炎
钱宾四
张菊生
董授经
巢坤霖
巴金
废名
程小青
黄炳顺
鲁迅与梅兰芳
程砚秋
程腔与龙井茶
杨小楼
施高德
袁树珊
古幽默举例
禅味与茶味
理学三题
关于陈梦因的《食经》
孔夫子教子路出去看看外面啥事体
华人怎样成为这样的华人

↧

鄭炯明《死亡思考》《文學台灣 106 (2018夏)》《永遠的愛》

May 28, 2018, 5:47 am

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我 (林莊生)因出國太早，對國內的出版狀況毫無認識，投稿常用try and error（試行錯誤）的方式進行，結果浪費了很多時日。這種狀況後來漸漸改善了。最初是一九九三年接到鄭炯明先生主持的《文學台灣》的贈閱，得知有本土文學的雜誌。其本土性很適合我的口味，但該雜誌是偏重小說和詩文，不是我關心所在。

鄭炯明《死亡思考》高雄：春暉，2018

《永遠的愛》2014 台語創作歌謠，鄭炯明作詞，陳武雄作曲

+++++

維基百科，自由的百科全書



鄭炯明（1948年－），台南縣人[1]，先後就讀省立高雄中學[2]、中山醫學院醫科。曾任高雄市立大同醫院內科主治醫師，目前自行開業行醫。[3]是台灣文學本土派相當重要的詩人，以及重要的台灣文學運動人士。

目錄 [隱藏]
1文學履歷
2作品及獲獎情況
3作詩的理念
4參見
5參考資料
6出處及註解

文學履歷[編輯]

1968年加入笠詩社。1982年與葉石濤等南部作家創辦《文學界》雜誌，該雜誌是當時台灣文學本土派重要的作品發表空間，任發行人；《文學界》停辦以後，又與一些學者、作家創辦《文學台灣》，成為該刊的發行人。曾任台灣筆會理事長、笠詩社社長、2005年高雄世界詩歌節策畫人、2007年台蒙詩歌節策畫人，現在是文學台灣基金會董事長。
作品及獲獎情況[編輯]

著有《歸途》、《悲劇的想像》、《蕃薯之歌》 [4]、《最後的戀歌》、《鄭炯明詩選》、《三稜鏡》 [5]、《三重奏》、《永遠的愛》。其主編的詩集有《台灣精神的崛起》(笠詩社)、《混聲合唱》(春暉出版社)。其獲獎多次，1969年榮獲全國優秀青年詩人獎、1978與1979年分別榮獲吳濁流新詩佳作獎、1982年獲得第二屆笠詩創作獎、1983年獲得吳濁流新詩獎、鳳邑文學獎、南瀛文學獎、高雄市文藝獎。
作詩的理念[編輯]

鄭炯明認為台灣六、七○年代風行的超現實主義詩作，其作者「用時代隔閡的語言寫詩，即是逃避的文學，寫現實中沒有的東西，那是欺騙的文學」，因此主張要「以平易的語言，寫出植根於現實生活的詩」，並強調自己的創作理念，寫道：「我寫詩，因為我關心這個社會，我不要做一個活在時代裂縫的人。」台灣文學評論者彭瑞金認為，詩的時代性與社會性是鄭炯明寫作的兩大支柱，也是其詩「進入本土精神的兩段途徑」(彭瑞金‧語)。[6]
參見[編輯]
笠詩社
文學台灣(雜誌)
文學界(雜誌)
鹽分地帶
鹽分地帶文藝營
參考資料[編輯]
國立台灣文學館/編著，《遇見台灣詩人一百：一百位詩人簡介》，2011年「遇見台灣詩人一百」展覽的小冊子。
彭瑞金/著，《台灣新文學運動40年》，高雄市：春暉出版社，1997年。
出處及註解[編輯]
移至^現在已為台南市的一部份。
移至^現在成為高雄市立高雄高級中學。
移至^國立台灣文學館/編著，《遇見台灣詩人一百：一百位詩人簡介》，2011年「遇見台灣詩人一百」展覽的小冊子，頁30。
移至^《歸途》、《悲劇的想像》、《最後的戀歌》由笠詩社出版，《蕃薯之歌》由春暉出版社出版。
移至^是鄭炯明、曾貴海、江自得的合集。
移至^彭瑞金/著，《台灣新文學運動40年》，高雄市：春暉出版社，1997年。頁199。

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三好達治；三好達治詩集

May 27, 2018, 8:04 pm

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三好達治詩集 (1971年) (岩波文庫) 文庫 – 古書, 1971/1/16

三好達治 (著),‎ 桑原武夫 (著),‎ 大槻鉄男 (著)

詩を読む人のために (岩波文庫)

1991/1/16
三好達治
文庫

三好達治随筆集 (岩波文庫)

1990/1/16
三好達治、孝次, 中野
文庫

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日本語

Tatsuji Miyoshi (三好達治 Miyoshi Tatsuji, 23 August 1900 – 5 April 1964) was a Japanese poet, literary critic, and literary editoractive during the Shōwa period of Japan. He is known for his lengthy free verse poetry, which often portray loneliness and isolation as part of contemporary life, but which are written in a complex, highly literary style reminiscent of classical Japanese poetry.

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1Early life
2Literary career
3Legacy
4See also
5References
6Notes

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三好達治

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春の岬

http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001749/files/55797_55505.html

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三好達治詩抄陳明台譯

嬰兒車、少年、回聲、草之上、祖母、烏鴉、信號、鬱金香、白日之舟、貝殼、雪等11首

《文學台灣 106 (2018夏)》頁126~32

紫陽花(繡球花)(あじさい)是6月季節限定花卉，粉色、藍色、白色、黃色、紫色...，顏色及品種之多令人目不暇給，

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_RothPhilip Milton Roth (March 19, 1933 – May 22, 2018) was an American novelist. Roth's fiction, regularly set in his birthplace of Newark, New Jersey, is known for ...‎Claire Bloom · ‎American Pastoral · ‎Portnoy's Complaint · ‎The Human Stain

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