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了不起的 Wikipedia /維基百科有點跟不上移動互聯時代/教廷偷看我: 抄

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維基百科有點跟不上移動互聯時代

科技2014年02月10日
在俄亥俄州芬德利,薩賈德·阿爾塔夫用一台手提電腦編輯維基百科詞條,不過他開始越來越多地使用手機。
在俄亥俄州芬德利,薩賈德·阿爾塔夫用一台手提電腦編輯維基百科詞條,不過他開始越來越多地使用手機。
Fabrizio Costantini for The New York Times

互聯網巨頭谷歌和Facebook已經證明,當其流量從桌面設備轉移到移動設備上時,它們仍然能夠吸引用戶和廣告主。
但大型在線百科全書維基百科(Wikipedia)在向移動世界過渡的過程中,卻遭遇了一個不同的、生死攸關的問題:在屏幕較小的智能手機或平板電腦上,人們會在其現有的900萬詞條上繼續創建並編輯詞條嗎?
埃里克·默勒(Erik Möller)是非營利組織維基媒體基金會(Wikimedia Foundation)的副總監,該基金會主要依靠捐贈而不是廣告來營運維基百科。默勒說:「這絕對是2013年我們非常擔心的事情。」為了解決這個問 題,該基金會組建了一個專註於移動軟件開發的10人團隊。去年7月,用戶開始可以用移動設備編輯和創建維基百科詞條。
人們越來越多地使用智能手機上網,而且只用智能手機上網,這一現象顛覆了電視、圖書和新聞等行業,媒體公司紛紛因應進行調整。作為全球第五大網站,維基百科的營運預算相對來說卻微不足道,它適應移動世界的步伐特別緩慢。
英文維基百科只有20%的閱讀量來自移動設備,遠遠低於其他媒體網站,有的網站移動流量佔比接近50%。其中使用移動設備來編輯詞條的佔比還要更低。
在一部iPhone上編輯本月去世的演員菲利普·塞默·霍夫曼的維基百科詞條。維基百科在適應移動世界方面格外遲緩。
在一部iPhone上編輯本月去世的演員菲利普·塞默·霍夫曼的維基百科詞條。維基百科在適應移動世界方面格外遲緩。
Sara Krulwich/The New York Times

維基百科提供逾250種語言的內容,在所有這些內容中,只有1%的更改是通過移動設備進行的;比如從去年7月以來,英語內容有20萬次編輯來自移動設備,而總共的編輯量為2000萬次。
在維基百科的社區成員以及它的研究者中,一些人擔心智能手機和平板電腦是為「消費行為」而不是「創造行為」設計的。換句話說,移動設備用戶更有可能閱讀維基百科的內容而不是改進它。

因此,從桌面向移動轉變的趨勢可能會給維基百科帶來長期性的問題。維基百科擁有13年歷史,自述其宗旨是創建一部「任何人都可以編輯的免費百科全書」。

「這對每個人來說都是一個大問題;手機不是一種很好的輸入設備—— 尤其是尺寸較小的手機。」《社交機器:為網上生活而設計》(The Social Machine: Designs for Living Online)的作者朱迪思·多納特(Judith Donath)說。她表示,手機非常適合於Twitter這種每條信息最長140個字符的服務,「但對於那些撰寫帶有腳註的長文的人來說,用手機並不合 適。」

她指出,雖然用來閱讀新聞和社交媒體內容的屏幕已經變得比較小,但所謂的「創意人士」用來寫作、設計或者編程的屏幕卻變得更大了,他們還常常把兩塊屏幕拼在一起使用。智能手機和平板電腦的小屏幕不適合做調查、寫筆記,也不適合撰寫大篇幅的百科全書條目。

伊恩·博格斯特(Ian Bogost)是佐治亞理工學院(Georgia Institute of Technology)的交互計算教授,他認為,從至今仍隨處可見的簽名——「發自手機,有錯別字請見諒」——就可以看出,智能手機不適合用來寫作。

「在移動設備上進行嚴謹的長篇寫作,往好里說是困難,往壞里說是不可能,」博格斯特在一封郵件中寫道。「想想《憤怒的小鳥》(Angry Birds):它受歡迎的原因之一是你可以靠拉動彈弓來玩。」這封郵件是他在日內瓦用筆記本電腦撰寫的。

維基百科依靠一支勤奮的、每月大約7.5萬人的志願者軍團來編輯閱讀量大得驚人的內容。流量統計機構comScore的數據顯示,維基百科每月擁有獨立訪問者近5億,頁面瀏覽量180億次,僅次於雅虎、Facebook、微軟和谷歌,其中最多的擁有12億獨立訪問者。

但是,儘管維基百科大受歡迎,在它的社區成員以及關注它的人中,也存在這樣的擔心:如果新的移動用戶沒有意識到自己可以編輯詞條,或者在編輯時遇到困難,編輯人員的渠道就可能會幹涸。

但是,沒有人認為維基百科會消失;自從2001年創辦以來,一直有人預言它會滅亡,但他們都錯了。

維基百科的增長趨勢令人鼓舞:去年7月,只有3000名移動用戶對至少對一篇文章進行過一處修改,現在這個數字已經增長到每月2萬。

薩賈德·阿爾塔夫(Sajjad Altaf)是俄亥俄州芬德利的一名信息科技顧問,經常在維基百科上編寫詞條。他說哪個設備當時對他來說更方便,他就在哪個設備上編輯,他還表示,「在手機上編輯內容雖然困難,但我覺得還沒有困難到阻止我編輯的地步。」

阿爾塔夫曾經在自己的手機上撰寫過維基百科詞條的全文,其中包括一篇關於他的巴基斯坦老家努爾普巴乾的文章,他不同意智能手機是一種「被動裝置」的說法。「用手機的時候,你不會只聽不說,」他說,「你也不會只收郵件不回復。」

除了保證詞條有人繼續編輯之外,維基百科還有其他擁抱移動的理由。 這個互動的百科全書服務希望在發展中國家開疆拓土。作為「維基百科零計劃」(Wikipedia Zero)活動的一個部分,它已經說服喀麥隆、孟加拉和馬來西亞等國家的一些電信公司,在手機通信套餐中提供免費獲取維基百科內容的服務。
一些互聯網專家認為,維基百科應該利用類似於Twitter和 Facebook上的那種「微寫作」來適應移動世界。例如,他們建議維基百科提供一個類似於Facebook「贊」的按鈕,讓讀者來標記文章中的錯誤,或 者建議哪些內容需要更新。另一個做法是,讓編輯可以用智能手機快速把照片添加到文章中。
「如果只需兩三下點擊,人們就會更多地順手把照片加上,」美國東北 大學(Northeastern University)助理教授、《誠信協作:維基百科的文化》(Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia)的作者約瑟夫·M·李格爾(Joseph M. Reagle)說。「如果兩三下點擊辦不到,要讓人添加照片就沒那麼容易了。」
翻譯:土土

2012.1.11
Wikipedia 的某些詞條是 了不起的
譬如說 請點

/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swastika


Vatican Lifts Bios From Wikipedia

The Holy See pulled from Wikipedia for bios of 22 newly elected Cardinals.


lift

  • Informal. To steal; pilfer: A thief lifted my wallet.
  • Informal. To copy from something already published; plagiarize: lifted whole paragraphs from the encyclopedia.
  • BIO biography 簡寫

    Knol 早已敗亡

    Wikipedia Competitor Being Tested by Google



    Published: December 15, 2007

    SAN FRANCISCO — Google is testing a new Web service intended to become a repository of knowledge from experts on various topics, one that could turn into a competitor to Wikipedia and other sites.

    If it attracts a following, the service could accelerate Google’s transformation from a search engine into a company that helps create and publish Web content. Some critics said that shift could compromise Google’s objectivity in presenting search results.
    The service, called Knol, which is short for knowledge, would allow people to create Web pages on any topic. It is designed to include features that permit readers to submit comments, rate pages and suggest changes. However, unlike Wikipedia, which allows anyone to edit an entry, only the author of a “knol,” as the pages in the service would be called, would be allowed to edit. Different authors could have competing pages on the same topic.
    Google said that a main idea behind the project was to bring attention to authors who have expertise on a particular topic.
    “Somehow the Web evolved without a strong standard to keep authors’ names highlighted,” Udi Manber, vice president for engineering at Google, wrote in an announcement of the test Thursday evening on a Google corporate blog. “We believe that knowing who wrote what will significantly help users make better use of Web content.”
    Mr. Manber said the goal of Knol was to cover all topics, from science to medicine to history, and for the articles to become “the first thing someone who searches for this topic for the first time will want to read.”
    That is often the role played by Wikipedia pages, which frequently turn up at or near the top of results presented by Google and other search engines.
    “I think Google is looking at the growth of sites like Wikipedia, that aggregate knowledge, and feels it has to play in that space,” said Danny Sullivan, a search expert and editor of the Web site Search Engine Land.
    Several other services have taken different approaches in their efforts to become repositories of knowledge on various topics. They include Yahoo Answers, Squidoo, Mahalo and About.com, which is owned by The New York Times Company.
    Despite the existence of these services, as well as countless free tools for experts and ordinary people alike to share what they know online, Mr. Manber said Google thought many people who possessed useful knowledge did not publish it “because it is not easy enough to do that.”
    Google declined to make Mr. Manber or anyone else available to discuss Knol, saying the project was an experiment that like many Google tests, might never be opened to the public.
    While many technology analysts and bloggers noted that Knol appeared to be a direct competitor to Wikipedia, Jimmy Wales, that site’s founder, shrugged off the potential challenge.
    Mr. Wales said that Google’s service would encourage competing, opinionated articles on any topic, whereas Wikipedia strived for objectivity and had a single article per topic that represented the collective knowledge of its authors.
    “I’m looking forward to seeing what it ends up looking like,” Mr. Wales said.
    Knol and Wikipedia would be different in other ways. While Wikipedia is a not-for-profit and ad-free endeavor, Knol has a more commercial bent: Authors could choose to have Google place ads on their pages and would get part of the revenue.
    “At some point, Google crosses the line, where they are not only a search engine, but also a content provider,” Mr. Sullivan said. Technically speaking, he said, authors, not Google, would create Knol pages. “But it matters how it appears,” he said. “I do a search on Google, I go to some place that Google hosts and I also find Google ads.”
    What’s more, Mr. Sullivan said, Google’s goal of making Knol pages easy to find on search engines could conflict with its need to remain unbiased. Google already carries content generated by users in a variety of services, including YouTube, the photo storage site Picasa and Blogger.

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