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北野武: 菊次郎與佐紀; 無限 Infinity
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鄭清文《現代英雄》
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文化類同與文化利用 Jonathan Spence;Horace Walpole 書信選
Jonathan Spence.史景遷北大講演錄《文化類同與文化利用--世界文化總體對話中的中國形象》(Culture Equivalence and Culture Use ),廖世奇、彭小樵譯,北京大學出版社,1990年2月1版;1997年5月2版。
這是一本很難得的書
不過出版商沒說明許多細節
譬如說 什麼時候演講
根據講稿或錄音整理 或合用
沒有編索引
加一張隆溪撰文當附錄 (非法 又很不禮貌地):《非我的神話》--hc案 這篇有翻譯錯誤 譬如說 logographic 翻譯成"邏輯象形式的" 這 logo 可以想成現在商業的 logo 是類似"表意圖形式"
有趣的是 引文為第357頁 第3版為376頁
我們看Radio 4 - Reith Lectures 2008: Chinese Vistas
只四講 本書卻有8講 每講還有些文本討論 所以我猜這可能是3小時的演講
此兩講稍微有從重複 譬如說 對 Goldsmith的引文 reason out等
問題是BBC的演講引文在原書中查不到
我陸續利用之
話說大才子Horace Walpole (1717-1797) 撰印Hieroglyphic Tales: (1785 日本人稱為象形文字譚第一版在自家 Strawberry Hill的印刷場只印六份):我千辛萬苦找到:第五則故事:TALE V.Mi Li. A Chinese Fairy Tale.
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14098/14098-h/14098-h.htm
Mi Li, prince of 除非娶一名字必須與其父的領地同名得公主,否則將是世界上最不快活的。
這故事末段很有名:
Running almost breathless up to lady Ailesbury, and seizing miss Campbell's hand—he cried, Who she? who she? Lady Ailesbury screamed, the young maiden squalled, the general, cool but offended, rushed between them, and if a prince could be collared, would have collared him—Mi Li kept fast hold with one arm, but pointing to his prize with the other, and with the most eager and supplicating looks intreating for an answer, continued to exclaim, Who she? who she? 【錢鍾書說這是這是英國人第一次讓中國人講不完全準確的英文】The general perceiving by his accent and manner that he was a foreigner, and rather tempted to laugh than be angry, replied with civil scorn, Why she is miss Caroline Campbell, daughter of lord William Campbell, his majesty's late governor of Carolina—Oh, Hih! I now recollect thy words! cried Mi Li—And so she became princess of China .
***
"[Horace Walpole] prattles on for our entertainment, ultimately more kindly and generous than malevolent. He reaches out his bony crippled hands across the centuries, and smiles his knowing smile, and welcomes in his paying customers."
-- Novelist Margaret Drabble on Everyman's Library's new HORACE WALPOLE: SELECTED LETTERS, Edited by Stephen Clarke in the Times Literary Supplement
-- Novelist Margaret Drabble on Everyman's Library's new HORACE WALPOLE: SELECTED LETTERS, Edited by Stephen Clarke in the Times Literary Supplement
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略讀《法國浪漫主義時期的音樂與文學》Hector Berlioz『柏遼茲回憶錄 』
略讀《法國浪漫主義時期的音 樂與文學》
《法國浪漫主義時期的音樂與文學》 溫永紅譯,天津, 百花文藝出版社,2005年7月出版。這本書說原作【La Musique et les lettres au temps du Romantisme Leon Guichard 】是1995年 的作品,不過,我找到一書評:Book Review: E Barineau - Modern Philology, 1957【印證:「此書最早發表於 1955年 (而不是中譯版上的 1995年)」】
有人說:「《法國浪漫主義時期的音 樂與文學》 是法國著名的文藝評論家雷翁·吉沙爾所寫的一部具有影響力的…… 」不知道是否如此,不過可以找到作者的許多作品
譬如說與本書類似的
La musique et les lettres en France au temps du Wagnerisme
L Guichard - 1963 - Paris: Presses Universitaires de France
L Guichard - 1963 - Paris: Presses Universitaires de France
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這本書的翻譯網路上有點資料: 2003年的「中央音樂學院音樂學研究所」:
「《法國浪漫主義時期的音樂和文 學》是法國作家雷翁· 吉沙爾所作的一部具有影響力的專著, 該書主要介紹了法國浪漫主義時期的音樂、文學, 社會政治生活和哲 學藝術觀念,反映了法國大革命時期到 19世 紀中葉浪漫主義時期音樂與文學的互動關係, 以及音樂在社會政治文化生活中的作用、 社會及文化思潮對音樂藝術的影響; 音樂對 文學家和文學創作的影響,也展示了他們之間的合作,改變和
影響作品的創作形式和思想內涵。
該書由我院青年教師溫永紅翻譯,是我所2000年 度的所立翻譯課 題,經專家評審委員會審議,該課題目前已結項。 根據專家建議譯者目前正在積極聯繫出版事宜。 ]」
我們可以知道一本書的翻譯和出版 (包括取得法國外交部的補助), 過程至少花四五年。本書翻譯了所有的原注 /參考資 料,不過本書少數牽涉到拉丁文和西班牙文等,都未翻譯。 可惜,缺索引 —它之所 以有用的原因是許多人物在各章都出現, 必須幫忙讀者融會貫通。
「書中對法國大革命至 1850年浪漫主義時期的音樂、文學氛圍, 音樂在波瀾壯闊的社會政治生活中的作用, 和社會 及文化生活對音樂藝術的影響進行了詳細和廣泛地介紹; 並讓我們清晰地看到:這一時期音樂與文學間, 音樂家與文學家之間的密切互動關 係, 以及哲學藝術觀念對音樂的影響; 最後本書通過對幾個生活在浪漫主義時期的大文學家與音樂相關的生 活和創作的描述, 向 我們展現了他們對音樂的熱愛以及音樂對他們文學創作的豐富和影 響。」
「本書的作者閱讀了 1789至1850年間有關文學與音樂的大量史料【hc案: 作 者承認他只讀現有資料的部分】: 包括一般性的研究和專題性的研究, 也認真閱讀了這一時期的回憶錄、通信集、雜誌、報紙等。 其 材料的豐富性令人印象深刻。作者利用自己掌握的大量材料, 對當時音樂生活的多個方面進行了介紹, 其中包括浪漫主義時期的音樂體裁, 樂 器和名演奏家以及這一時期最時髦的音樂體裁—— 歌劇和最時髦的社交生活場所——歌劇院。此外, 這本著述不僅像大多數此類著述一樣, 注 意到了文學對音樂家和音樂創作的影響; 更談到了音樂對像巴爾扎克、司湯達、奈瓦爾、喬治• 桑等文學家和他們的文學創作的影響和豐富【 hc案: 這些文學家都有專章討論。我們對於奈瓦爾可能比較生疏, 其實他翻譯『孚士德』都受哥德撐讚; Eco在 哈佛大學的講座一直用他的作品當主題;P. Valery有回憶他的文章……..】。尤其是對大文學家們與音樂有關的文學作品如: 巴爾扎克的《康巴拉》、《馬西米拉•多 尼》,喬治•桑的《 康絮愛蘿》和《吹奏樂師》及創作過程進行了逐一的介紹。
」
作者總結相當悲觀:現代人只喜歡德國浪漫主義的音樂,很少人會聽 法國浪漫主義時期的音樂了。不過, 本書示範音樂與文學的相互關係的研究之簡單方式(還不夠細緻)。
「音樂、藝術、哲學、科學和文學」這主題,從有史以來一直很豐富。在1894年,象徴主義詩人Stephane Mallarme (1842-1898)應邀英國兩大名校演講,主題為「音樂與文學」。
法國浪漫主義古典音樂的奠基人 Hector Berlioz(1803-1869)有專章,本書各章都提到他。我注意到本書引的『柏遼茲回憶錄第二章』所提的拉丁詩,本書與『柏遼茲回憶錄』(北京:東方,2000)都沒譯出,其實北京大學故楊先生都有翻譯可參考。或許,
“Life when one first arrives is a continual mortification as one's romantic illusions are successively shattered and the musical treasure-house of one's imagination crumbles before the hopelessness of the reality. Every day fresh experiences bring fresh disappointments.”
―from THE MEMOIRS OF HECTOR BERLIOZ (1865) by Hector Berlioz
Hector Berlioz’ (1803-69) autobiography is both an account of his important place in the rise of the Romantic movement and a personal testament. He tells the story of his liaison with Harriet Smithson, and his even more passionate affairs of the mind with Shakespeare, Scott, and Byron. Familiar with all the great figures of the age, Berlioz paints brilliant portraits of Liszt, Wagner, Balzac, Weber, and Rossini, among others. And through Berlioz’s intimate and detailed self-revelation, there emerges a profoundly sympathetic and attractive man, driven, finally, by his overwhelming creative urges to a position of lonely eminence. For this new Everyman’s edition of The Memoirs, the translator–the composer’s most admired biographer–has completely revised the text and the extensive notes to take into account the latest research. READ more here: https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/…/the-memoirs-of-hector…/
Today we wish a very happy birthday to French composer HectorBerlioz, born on this day in 1803!
Berlioz is best known for his "Symphonie fantastique,""Grande messe des morts" (Requiem), and "La damnation de Faust." The #Requiem is scored for a large orchestra, four brass choirs, and a chorus (more than 400 performers!).
On opening night of his first season as Music Director of the New York Philharmonic, Leonard Bernstein conducted Berlioz's "Roman Carnival Overture" as a surprise addition to the October 2, 1958 program.
In his Young People's Concert entitled "Berlioz Takes a Trip," originally broadcasted by CBS on May 25, 1969, Bernstein discusses what he describes as "the first psychedelic symphony", "La Symphonie Fantastique".
****'Music is a whole world'
It took Elliott Carter almost 50 years to find himself as a composer. Now the 97-year-old is one of the greatest of modernists - as even his fellow Americans are beginning to agree. He talks to Andrew Clements
Tuesday January 3, 2006
The Guardian
Elliott Carter in 1973. Photograph: Henry Grossman/Getty/TimeLife |
Elliott Carter is more than one of the most important composers of our time; he remains a vital link with a long-gone musical era. At the age of 97, and still composing (currently he's working on a song cycle scheduled for performance next autumn), he has been involved with new music on both sides of the Atlantic for nearly 80 years. "I've been in the middle of this all through my life," he says, and in the process he got to know many of the composers - such as Stravinsky, Ives and Varèse - who had forged the language of modernism in the first decades of the 20th century, as well as those like Boulez and Nono who led another musical revolution in the years after the second world war.
He may be the greatest composer the US has produced since Ives, but Carter's outlook has always been at least as much European as it is American, and it was audiences on this side of the Atlantic who first recognised the importance of his knotty, demanding music. Carter is a New Yorker: he was born there in 1908, and the city has remained his home throughout his life; he lives now in an apartment on the edge of Greenwich Village. But since childhood he has made regular visits to Europe, and expects to be in London once again next week - a 90% chance, he says - for the BBC's celebration of his music at the Barbican.
Carter's connections with Europe are deeply ingrained. He learned to speak French before he could read: "My father was an importer [of lace] from France, and he took me there many times when I was a child, so I am almost as familiar with Paris as I am with New York." Though Carter was given piano lessons (which he found boring at the time), his parents had no musical ambitions for their son, and expected him to make his career in the family business. It was not until his late teens, when he heard Stravinsky's Rite of Spring for the first time in 1924, that Carter realised what he really wanted to be was a composer.
Another European city he visited in the 1920s with his parents was Vienna, where he bought copies of the latest works by Schoenberg and other members of the Second Viennese School. Back in New York an enlightened music teacher took him to contemporary music concerts and, crucially, introduced him to Charles Ives ("He was not as isolated a man as he is sometimes made out to be," Carter says). Ives gave the schoolboy copies of the Concorde Sonata and the collection of his songs that had been privately printed, and became the guiding spirit behind Carter's first efforts at composition.
Nevertheless, when he became a student at Harvard University, Carter studied English, having decided the music department there was hopelessly conservative. He concentrated on composition only as a graduate student, when for one semester his teachers included Gustav Holst, whom he remembers as a rather melancholy old man. But by the time he left university he was still nowhere near to becoming the composer he wanted to be. "I tried to write the music that I wanted to write but couldn't do it, and I then realised those composers had a classical training, and so it was easy for me to be convinced that I should do that, too."
So in the 1930s, Carter spent three years in Paris studying with Nadia Boulanger. He arrived in 1933, at the time of the Reichstag fire, and found the city full of refugees from the Nazis, and "a very sad place". Boulanger's rigorous harmony and counterpoint exercises took him back to first principles, but also imbued him with the disciplines of neoclassicism, which ran counter to the much wilder, expressionist pieces he had got to know and tried to imitate in New York. "She wasn't encouraging if you wrote very dissonant music," Carter says. "But, meanwhile, the world of music had changed. It wasn't hard to think when we saw pictures of Hitler that it was expressionism that had gone on and produced such a terrible result in Germany, that it was a working out of that kind of extravagance that had become terrifying. So we thought that it was time to be more orderly and more consciously beautiful, and neoclassicism did seem to have a perfect logic about it."
The lessons he absorbed during his years of study with Boulanger remain paramount in his music today. With her he learned to write counterpoint in up to eight parts, and the virtuosity with which he was to invent the teeming lines of his greatest pieces, in which individual instruments often acquire a dramatic character of their own, was a direct result of his training. "To Nadia notes mattered a great deal, everything had to be justified. It was a whole world in which you had to think how every note fitted in; we were concerned not just with the detail of things, but with the total effect."
The music Carter composed when he returned to America was more or less faithful to the neoclassical ethos. But in his crucial pieces of the immediate postwar years - beginning with the 1946 Piano Sonata and culminating in 1951 in the arching sweep of the First String Quartet, the work that really established Carter's international reputation ("In this country you play it and people walk out, but in Europe it made a big impression") - he began the journey of self-discovery towards writing the music he wanted to compose. It was a process that lasted until 1980, during which period new works emerged with almost painful slowness. "Every one of those pieces is a new sort of thought. This was the way I was developing, until finally I felt that I had found my vocabulary and there was no longer any need to experiment."
During that period, too, it was his supporters in Europe rather than the US who championed Carter's music. The composer and conductor Pierre Boulez was an early convert, and, in Britain, William Glock, controller of music at the BBC from 1959 to 1973, was a fervent supporter. "William played all my music on the radio at one time or another and that was very influential, and I also taught at Dartington Summer School when Peter Maxwell Davies and Harry Birtwistle were students there." Stravinsky publicly admitted his admiration for Carter's 1962 Double Concerto for piano and harpsichord, proclaiming it a masterpiece, and the two composers became good friends. His mind, Carter says, is now filled with memories of Stravinsky: of the older composer's kindnesses to him and his wife, of having dinner in a New York restaurant when Frank Sinatra approached Stravinsky for his autograph, and of one of his last meetings with the composer in New York a couple of weeks before Stravinsky's death in 1971, when the only music the old man wanted to listen to was Mozart's Magic Flute.
Carter's music is still more highly regarded across Europe than in the US, yet he has always been in an important sense an American composer. He has regularly drawn inspiration from US writers such as Walt Whitman, Elizabeth Bishop, Robert Lowell, John Ashbery and Hart Crane; the new song cycle he is working on uses texts by Wallace Stevens. And Carter maintains that his musical language has always been intrinsically American: "I've always thought that in some very important way my pieces came from jazz - with a regular beat background and improvisations on top of that." But first and foremost he remains an unrepentant modernist, backing up his uncompromising stance with a cast-iron classical training. His music has its own cast-iron integrity, too, a fierceness and emotional power that is sometimes hard to square with the genial man one meets; great composers aren't supposed to be so courteous, and so charming, as Elliott Carter unfailingly is.
妙的是昨翻過楊牧的英漢對照本He may be the greatest composer the US has produced since Ives, but Carter's outlook has always been at least as much European as it is American, and it was audiences on this side of the Atlantic who first recognised the importance of his knotty, demanding music. Carter is a New Yorker: he was born there in 1908, and the city has remained his home throughout his life; he lives now in an apartment on the edge of Greenwich Village. But since childhood he has made regular visits to Europe, and expects to be in London once again next week - a 90% chance, he says - for the BBC's celebration of his music at the Barbican.
Carter's connections with Europe are deeply ingrained. He learned to speak French before he could read: "My father was an importer [of lace] from France, and he took me there many times when I was a child, so I am almost as familiar with Paris as I am with New York." Though Carter was given piano lessons (which he found boring at the time), his parents had no musical ambitions for their son, and expected him to make his career in the family business. It was not until his late teens, when he heard Stravinsky's Rite of Spring for the first time in 1924, that Carter realised what he really wanted to be was a composer.
Another European city he visited in the 1920s with his parents was Vienna, where he bought copies of the latest works by Schoenberg and other members of the Second Viennese School. Back in New York an enlightened music teacher took him to contemporary music concerts and, crucially, introduced him to Charles Ives ("He was not as isolated a man as he is sometimes made out to be," Carter says). Ives gave the schoolboy copies of the Concorde Sonata and the collection of his songs that had been privately printed, and became the guiding spirit behind Carter's first efforts at composition.
Nevertheless, when he became a student at Harvard University, Carter studied English, having decided the music department there was hopelessly conservative. He concentrated on composition only as a graduate student, when for one semester his teachers included Gustav Holst, whom he remembers as a rather melancholy old man. But by the time he left university he was still nowhere near to becoming the composer he wanted to be. "I tried to write the music that I wanted to write but couldn't do it, and I then realised those composers had a classical training, and so it was easy for me to be convinced that I should do that, too."
So in the 1930s, Carter spent three years in Paris studying with Nadia Boulanger. He arrived in 1933, at the time of the Reichstag fire, and found the city full of refugees from the Nazis, and "a very sad place". Boulanger's rigorous harmony and counterpoint exercises took him back to first principles, but also imbued him with the disciplines of neoclassicism, which ran counter to the much wilder, expressionist pieces he had got to know and tried to imitate in New York. "She wasn't encouraging if you wrote very dissonant music," Carter says. "But, meanwhile, the world of music had changed. It wasn't hard to think when we saw pictures of Hitler that it was expressionism that had gone on and produced such a terrible result in Germany, that it was a working out of that kind of extravagance that had become terrifying. So we thought that it was time to be more orderly and more consciously beautiful, and neoclassicism did seem to have a perfect logic about it."
The lessons he absorbed during his years of study with Boulanger remain paramount in his music today. With her he learned to write counterpoint in up to eight parts, and the virtuosity with which he was to invent the teeming lines of his greatest pieces, in which individual instruments often acquire a dramatic character of their own, was a direct result of his training. "To Nadia notes mattered a great deal, everything had to be justified. It was a whole world in which you had to think how every note fitted in; we were concerned not just with the detail of things, but with the total effect."
The music Carter composed when he returned to America was more or less faithful to the neoclassical ethos. But in his crucial pieces of the immediate postwar years - beginning with the 1946 Piano Sonata and culminating in 1951 in the arching sweep of the First String Quartet, the work that really established Carter's international reputation ("In this country you play it and people walk out, but in Europe it made a big impression") - he began the journey of self-discovery towards writing the music he wanted to compose. It was a process that lasted until 1980, during which period new works emerged with almost painful slowness. "Every one of those pieces is a new sort of thought. This was the way I was developing, until finally I felt that I had found my vocabulary and there was no longer any need to experiment."
During that period, too, it was his supporters in Europe rather than the US who championed Carter's music. The composer and conductor Pierre Boulez was an early convert, and, in Britain, William Glock, controller of music at the BBC from 1959 to 1973, was a fervent supporter. "William played all my music on the radio at one time or another and that was very influential, and I also taught at Dartington Summer School when Peter Maxwell Davies and Harry Birtwistle were students there." Stravinsky publicly admitted his admiration for Carter's 1962 Double Concerto for piano and harpsichord, proclaiming it a masterpiece, and the two composers became good friends. His mind, Carter says, is now filled with memories of Stravinsky: of the older composer's kindnesses to him and his wife, of having dinner in a New York restaurant when Frank Sinatra approached Stravinsky for his autograph, and of one of his last meetings with the composer in New York a couple of weeks before Stravinsky's death in 1971, when the only music the old man wanted to listen to was Mozart's Magic Flute.
Carter's music is still more highly regarded across Europe than in the US, yet he has always been in an important sense an American composer. He has regularly drawn inspiration from US writers such as Walt Whitman, Elizabeth Bishop, Robert Lowell, John Ashbery and Hart Crane; the new song cycle he is working on uses texts by Wallace Stevens. And Carter maintains that his musical language has always been intrinsically American: "I've always thought that in some very important way my pieces came from jazz - with a regular beat background and improvisations on top of that." But first and foremost he remains an unrepentant modernist, backing up his uncompromising stance with a cast-iron classical training. His music has its own cast-iron integrity, too, a fierceness and emotional power that is sometimes hard to square with the genial man one meets; great composers aren't supposed to be so courteous, and so charming, as Elliott Carter unfailingly is.
最後同意作者說的
莎士比亞對Berlioz影響大
不過他只是利用
Ariel 的話就姑且如此一記
等待
他人
↧
Alain de Botton (2) : The School of Life; Art Is Therapy review; 陳玉慧觀點:我們需要好新聞
The School of Life 人才招募 | |
The School of Life 總部位於英國倫敦,由英國作家艾倫.狄波頓 (Alain de Botton) 於2009年創立,透過文化和人文學科,探討關於工作、愛情、 目前台北辦公室正熱烈招募以下職缺。有興趣加入The School of Life Taipei 師資或團隊成員,請聯繫 taipei@theschooloflife.com 師資 Faculty www.theschooloflife.com/ 事業發展暨行銷經理 Business Development & Marketing Manager www.theschooloflife.com/ |
Alain de Botton : The News: A User’s Manual ; 幸福建築...
陳玉慧觀點:我們需要好新聞
陳玉慧 2014年05月08日 10:47
全文網址: 陳玉慧觀點:我們需要好新聞 -風傳媒http://www.stormmediagroup.com/opencms
Art Is Therapy review – de Botton as doorstepping self-help evangelist
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Alain de Botton has filled the Rijksmuseum with giant yellow Post-it notes that spell out his smarmy and banal ideas of self-improvement – but leaves us no room to look at the art
• Alain de Botton's exclusive video guide to Art is Therapy
Alain de Botton has filled the Rijksmuseum with giant yellow Post-it notes that spell out his smarmy and banal ideas of self-improvement – but leaves us no room to look at the art
• Alain de Botton's exclusive video guide to Art is Therapy
A flashing neon sign hangs over the grand entrance to the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. Art Is Therapy, it reads, mirroring the cover of Alain de Botton's recent book Art as Therapy, written with the philosopher and art historian John Armstrong.
The Rijksmuseum reopened last year after major reorganisation and restoration, to almost universal acclaim. It had more than 3 million visitors in 2013. They thought they had a museum; what they have is a crammed-to-the-gills tourist attraction. It's the Tate Modern effect.
Perhaps troubled that 3 million visitors was not quite enough, Rijksmuseum director Wim Pijbes invited De Botton and Armstrong to make an "intervention". The authors have filled the place with loud, intrusive labels – giant Post-it notes that often dwarf the exhibits – along with a number of thematic displays.
You can't avoid the crowds, and there is no escape from the labels: in the entrance hall, on the stairs, in the grand salons that connect the galleries, as well as beside and beneath the exhibits. People are spending longer reading the damn things than looking at the art.
"You suffer from fragility, guilt, a split personality, self disgust," reads a note next to Jan Steen's 1660s genre painting The Feast of Saint Nicholas. "You are probably a bit like this picture," the label goes on. "There are sides of you that are a little debauched." The labels tell us what's wrong with us, and how the artworks and artefacts they accompany can cure our ills.
In front of Rembrandt's Night Watch, the crowning glory of the collection, another big yellow label tells us what it believes we are thinking: "I can't bear busy places – I wish this room were emptier." De Botton sees the Night Watch as an image of communality, which I suppose it is. There's not much fellow-feeling in the audience around it, and I guess that's the point, too.
Next to Vermeer's Woman Reading a Letter and his quiet Delft street scene, beside teapots and Chinese gods, alongside an Yves Saint Laurent dress and a Rietveld chair, the labels proliferate. De Botton is trying to mend what he sees as a disconnection between art and life, between past and present. This is an unexceptional ambition. Artists and designers do it all the time. Why do we need De Botton? In a display of 19thcentury daguerrotypes, under the curatorial theme of memory, we are told we are in "one of the saddest rooms in the museum. You might want to cry." Why? All the people in the pictures are dead. They generally are in photographs this old.
Banality and bathos are the stock-in-trade here. De Botton's curatorial rubrics – as well as memory, there's fortune, money, politics and sex – are anodyne, his insights and descriptions shallow and obvious. De Botton insists that art can tell us how to live: "It should heal us: it isn't an intellectual exercise, an abstract aesthetic arena or a distraction for a Sunday afternoon." His petulant tone is wearing. I also dislike the self-improvement shtick. In front of an athletic bit of statuary, a label inquires why, if we can accept going to the gym to improve our bodies, we don't visit the museum "to work on our character".
De Botton is like one of those "Jesus is your best mate" Christians, giving us not one but 150 thoughts for the day, on the ubiquitous labels, audioguide and downloadable app. He wants museums to become temples of virtue, places of instruction that go far beyond their usual remit of caring for and displaying centuries of culture. He'd probably also like to replace burgeoning museum education departments with outposts of his School of Life, a sort of drop-in self-help centre which, just this week, opened a branch in Amsterdam.
De Botton thinks we've got art all wrong. He doesn't like the way museums are organised and finds the usual little wall labels, with their dates and movements and snippets of art history, unhelpful. Ideally, he envisages museums reorganised according to therapeutic functions – with a basement of suffering, leading upwards to a gallery of self-knowledge on the top floor. It's like Dante's circles of hell.
De Botton's evangelising and his huckster's sincerity make him the least congenial gallery guide imaginable. He has no eye, and no ear for language. With their smarmy sermons and symptomology of human failings, their aphorisms about art leading us to better parts of ourselves, De Botton's texts feel like being doorstepped. But art contains concentrated doses of the virtues! You could coerce any art at all into his cause of mental hygiene and spiritual wellbeing. De Botton reduces art to its discernible content. He doesn't make us want to look at all.
Until 7 September. Details: +31 20 674 7000. Venue: Rijksmuseum.
- Alain de Botton and John Armstrong
- Art Is Therapy
- Rijksmuseum,
- Amsterdam
- Until 7 September
- Details:
+31 20 6747 000 - Venue website
Perhaps troubled that 3 million visitors was not quite enough, Rijksmuseum director Wim Pijbes invited De Botton and Armstrong to make an "intervention". The authors have filled the place with loud, intrusive labels – giant Post-it notes that often dwarf the exhibits – along with a number of thematic displays.
You can't avoid the crowds, and there is no escape from the labels: in the entrance hall, on the stairs, in the grand salons that connect the galleries, as well as beside and beneath the exhibits. People are spending longer reading the damn things than looking at the art.
"You suffer from fragility, guilt, a split personality, self disgust," reads a note next to Jan Steen's 1660s genre painting The Feast of Saint Nicholas. "You are probably a bit like this picture," the label goes on. "There are sides of you that are a little debauched." The labels tell us what's wrong with us, and how the artworks and artefacts they accompany can cure our ills.
In front of Rembrandt's Night Watch, the crowning glory of the collection, another big yellow label tells us what it believes we are thinking: "I can't bear busy places – I wish this room were emptier." De Botton sees the Night Watch as an image of communality, which I suppose it is. There's not much fellow-feeling in the audience around it, and I guess that's the point, too.
Next to Vermeer's Woman Reading a Letter and his quiet Delft street scene, beside teapots and Chinese gods, alongside an Yves Saint Laurent dress and a Rietveld chair, the labels proliferate. De Botton is trying to mend what he sees as a disconnection between art and life, between past and present. This is an unexceptional ambition. Artists and designers do it all the time. Why do we need De Botton? In a display of 19thcentury daguerrotypes, under the curatorial theme of memory, we are told we are in "one of the saddest rooms in the museum. You might want to cry." Why? All the people in the pictures are dead. They generally are in photographs this old.
Banality and bathos are the stock-in-trade here. De Botton's curatorial rubrics – as well as memory, there's fortune, money, politics and sex – are anodyne, his insights and descriptions shallow and obvious. De Botton insists that art can tell us how to live: "It should heal us: it isn't an intellectual exercise, an abstract aesthetic arena or a distraction for a Sunday afternoon." His petulant tone is wearing. I also dislike the self-improvement shtick. In front of an athletic bit of statuary, a label inquires why, if we can accept going to the gym to improve our bodies, we don't visit the museum "to work on our character".
De Botton is like one of those "Jesus is your best mate" Christians, giving us not one but 150 thoughts for the day, on the ubiquitous labels, audioguide and downloadable app. He wants museums to become temples of virtue, places of instruction that go far beyond their usual remit of caring for and displaying centuries of culture. He'd probably also like to replace burgeoning museum education departments with outposts of his School of Life, a sort of drop-in self-help centre which, just this week, opened a branch in Amsterdam.
De Botton thinks we've got art all wrong. He doesn't like the way museums are organised and finds the usual little wall labels, with their dates and movements and snippets of art history, unhelpful. Ideally, he envisages museums reorganised according to therapeutic functions – with a basement of suffering, leading upwards to a gallery of self-knowledge on the top floor. It's like Dante's circles of hell.
De Botton's evangelising and his huckster's sincerity make him the least congenial gallery guide imaginable. He has no eye, and no ear for language. With their smarmy sermons and symptomology of human failings, their aphorisms about art leading us to better parts of ourselves, De Botton's texts feel like being doorstepped. But art contains concentrated doses of the virtues! You could coerce any art at all into his cause of mental hygiene and spiritual wellbeing. De Botton reduces art to its discernible content. He doesn't make us want to look at all.
Until 7 September. Details: +31 20 674 7000. Venue: Rijksmuseum.
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Meredith Corp. Acquires Time Inc.
|
Public | |
Traded as | NYSE: MDP S&P 400 Component |
Industry | Media |
Founded | 1902 |
Founder | Edwin T. Meredith |
Headquarters | Des Moines, Iowa |
Key people | Steve Lacy (Chairman and CEO) Tom Harty (President and COO) |
Products | Newspapers Magazines Television Educational Services Websites |
Revenue | US$1.6 billion(2016)[1] |
Number of employees | 3,600 (2016)[1] |
Divisions | National Media Local Media |
Website | www |
The Meredith Corporation is an American media conglomeratebased in Des Moines, Iowa, USA. The company has two divisions: National Media and Local Media.
As of 2016, the company employs 3,600 people and has US$1.6billion in revenues.
Meredith Corp. Acquires Time Inc. in $2.8 Billion Koch Brothers-Backed Deal
Meredith Corp., a magazine publisher and broadcast company, will acquire Time Inc. in a deal totaling $2.8 billion, the company announced Sunday. The all-cash transaction is backed by an affiliate of Koch Industries, headed by the controversial billionaire brothers Charles and David Koch.
Des Moines, Iowa-based Meredith said in the statement the deal had been approved by both firms’ boards of directors and is expected to close in the first quarter. Meredith will pay $18.50 per share of the publicly traded Time Inc., a 46% premium over the closing price on Nov. 15, before reports of the acquisition surfaced.
Meredith chairman-CEO Stephen Lacy emphasized that the combined reach of the two companies would exceed 200 million consumers. The enlarged company would generate about $4.8 billion and adjust earnings of $800 million. Meredith said it expects to generate $400 million-$500 million of savings from streamlining operations during the first two years.
“We are adding the rich content-creation capabilities of some of the media industry’s strongest national brands to a powerful local television business that is generating record earnings, offering advertisers and marketers unparalleled reach to American adults,” Lacy said. “We are also creating a powerful digital media business with 170 million monthly unique visitors in the U.S. and over 10 billion annual video views, enhancing Meredith’s leadership position in reaching millennials.”
Meredith’s deal is backed by $650 million from Koch Equity Development, the investment arm of Koch Industries, an industrial conglomerate rooted in the oil and gas business. According to Meredith, KED will not have a seat on its board, and will have “no influence on Meredith’s editorial or managerial operations.”
The Koch brothers have become controversial figures for their lavish spending to back political candidates and causes, most of them conservative. By some estimates the pair spent nearly $1 billion during the 2016 federal election cycle. There is speculation that the brothers are diversifying their investments into media to have greater influence in culture and shaping popular opinion on issues such as tax policy and climate change.
KED has “deployed in excess of $8 billion of industry agnostic principal investments over the last five years,” Meredith said in announcing the deal.
As part of the transaction, Time Inc. CEO Rich Battista will step down once the deal is completed. He took the helm as Time Inc. CEO in September 2016. He joined Time Inc. as head of People and Entertainment Weekly in March 2015.
“I am proud of our accomplishments and thank the talented teams across the company for their extraordinary work, relentless commitment, and passion,” Battista said. “Together, we moved quickly and successfully to launch, grow, and advance our multi-platform offerings during unprecedented times in the media sector.”
The two companies had several rounds of acquisition talks in recent years, but were never able to come to a conclusive deal. Meredith’s best-known brands are Better Homes and Gardens and Family Circle, while New York-based Time Inc. is the home of Time magazine, Entertainment Weekly, People, Sports Illustrated, and Fortune.
The acquisition comes at a time when the print magazine business that Time Inc. helped build is struggling to retain readers and advertisers. Time Inc. earlier this month reported a 9% decrease in its revenue year-over-year for the third quarter and a 12% drop in advertising and circulation revenue.
Time Inc. was valued at about $4 billion in June 2014 when it was spun off from Time Warner. The 1989 merger of Time Inc. and Warner Communications helped usher in the era of mega media conglomerates.
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Rainer Maria Rilk's "Letters to a Young Poet' (1934);" Letters to a Young Painter"
“Perhaps all the dragons in our lives are princesses who are only waiting to see us act, just once, with beauty and courage. Perhaps everything that frightens us is, in its deepest essence, something helpless that wants our love.”
―from LETTERS TO A YOUNG POET by Rainer Maria Rilke
Letters written over a period of several years on the vocation of writing by a poet whose greatest work was still to come.
里爾克此書中譯夲全文,可在網路找到。
Vintage Books & Anchor Books
René Karl Wilhelm Johann Josef Maria Rilke was born in Prague, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary on this day in 1875.
"No one can advise or help you — no one. There is only one thing you should do. Go into yourself. Find out the reason that commands you to write; see whether it has spread its roots into the very depths of your heart; confess to yourself whether you would have to die if you were forbidden to write."
--Letter One (17 February 1903) from "Letters to a Young Poet' (1934) Rainer Maria Rilke
Letters written over a period of several years on the vocation of writing by a poet whose greatest work was still to come. Rainer Maria Rilke (1875–1926) is one of the greatest lyric German poets. Born in Prague, he published his first book of poems, Leben und Lieber, at age nineteen. He met Lou Salomé, the talented and spirited daughter of a Russian army officer, who influenced him deeply. In 1902 he became a friend, and for a time the secretary, of Rodin, and it was during his twelve-year Paris residence that Rilke enjoyed his greatest poetic activity. In 1919 he went to Switzerland where he spent the last years of his life. It was there that he wrote his last two works, Duino Elegies (1923) and The Sonnets to Orpheus (1923). READ an excerpt here:http://knopfdoubleday.com/b…/154358/letters-to-a-young-poet/
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“It’s different for you,” Rainer Maria Rilke wrote to Balthus near the end of his life, “you will see the dawn to come after this night engulfing our world; you need to see it and call it and prepare for it with all your strength.”
Never before translated into English, Rainer Maria Rilke’s Letters to a Young Painter is a surprising companion to his earlier and far more famous Letters to a Young Poet. In eight intimate letters written to a teenage Balthus—who would go on to become one of the leading artists of his generation—Rilke encourages the young painter to take himself and his work seriously. Written toward the end of Rilke’s life, between 1920 and 1926, these letters paint a picture of the venerable poet as he faced his mortality, looked back on his life, and continued to embrace his openness toward other creative individuals. We have excerpted one of the letters below.
Château Muzot-sur-Sierre, Valais (Switzerland)
February 23, 1923
Dear Balthus,
In a few days you will once again celebrate the outward absence of your rare and discreet birthday. Many happy returns, my friend: let this year of your life about to commence be a happy and prosperous one—despite everything, I have to add, since it seems we have fallen back into the worst of the political turmoil that has already ruined so many years and that little by little deprives those of my generation of any reasonable future. It’s different for you, you will see the dawn to come after this night engulfing our world; you need to see it and call it and prepare for it with all your strength.
Now that you’ve been to Muzot and seen the shops we have in Sierre, you will understand perfectly why I have no choice but to come to your party empty-handed … Frida baked you a cake, but it won’t be able to come, poor thing. She just showed it to me and I had to agree it was neither transportable nor presentable. It’s more of a ghost story than a cake! Frida told me in a toneless voice, eyes still wide from her doleful vision: “At midnight, on the stroke of midnight, it half-collapsed!” Indeed, it is now a lunar cake, since if you look at it from one side only it admittedly looks magnificent, but that is not enough for a real Bundt cake, especially if you have to travel with it! She’s planning to make another one, but I’m afraid the mail is too slow, it probably won’t reach you in time for the party.
And here comes Minot to wish you a happy birthday, my dear Balthus. She’s an almost full-sized cat now, very smart, extremely sweet, and a big sleeper. The swipes are all used up, every last one, as we might have known they would be, and now she shows you her slow and empty paws with distracted caresses sleeping deep inside them.
Her kittenhood ended with a remarkable exploit: One night, a very cold night—I think it was still December—Frida (whose heart is not the most steadfast) had forgotten her out in the snow. At around midnight, practically the very moment when cakes half-collapse, what do you think this little creature dreamed up? She must have been circling the house trying to find some hole she could slip in through, then, not finding any, she climbed (just think, she’s so young!) up the tree next to the house, the plum tree, ventured all the way up to the top, then dared the magnificent leap onto my little balcony. From where, since the door is always open, she could come into my bedroom. I was woken up by her little voice, half plaintive, half angry, and at first I had no idea what she was doing there in the middle of the night … A “promising” display of intelligence, don’t you think?
Lately she’s been sleeping all night, every night, on the large woodburning stove in the dining room. As for her “job,” mice hardly interest her at all, she chases flies and wishes she could chase birds. But luckily for them, they learn in their schools that cats don’t have wings.
And you, my friend? How is the Academy of Art? You’re going there now, right? And do they like your Oriental piece? Or are the events of the “Ruhr” preventing all that? (As they are everything … )
Be strong, have courage, my dear, and be in good health, that’s all one can hope for when one is waiting. Very, very best wishes to Pierre and to your dear mother and your father, Balthus my dear.
Love,
RENÉ
Excerpted from Rainer Maria Rilke’s Letters to a Young Painter, translated by Damion Searls and published by David Zwirner Books.
Damion Searls, a former language columnist for the Daily, is an American translator and writer. He has translated thirty books from German, French, Norwegian, and Dutch, including The Inner Sky: Poems, Notes, Dreams (2010), a selection of writings by Rainer Maria Rilke. He is also the author of three books, most recently The Inkblots (2017), a scientific and cultural history of the Rorschach test and biography of its creator, Hermann Rorschach.
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Friedrich Engels, 《英國工人階級狀況》;( Friedrich) Engels By David McLellan 恩格斯傳; 烏克蘭的恩格斯雕像,胡不魂歸曼徹斯特。
Karl Marx is often named as one of the most important thinkers of the 19th century. But it was Friedrich Engels, his co-author and friend, who edited Marx's works after his death and opened them up to much more radical interpretations
#英國工人階級狀況”一書是弗·恩格斯1844年9月-1845年3月在巴門寫成的。恩格斯在英國居住期間(1842年11月-1844年8月)研究了英國無產階級的生活條件,他本來打算在他計劃寫的英國社會史中分出一章來說明這個問題,但是恩格斯為了要說明無產階級在資產階級社會中的特殊作用,便決定專門寫一本書來研究英國工人階級狀況。
本書的德文第一版在1845年在萊比錫出版,德文第二版在1892年出版。那時經作者同意的本書英譯本已出過兩版(1887年紐約版和1892年倫敦版)。恩格斯在準備出本書的新版時,並沒有做任何重大的修改。但是在1887年“美國版附錄”(這篇附錄的內容後來幾乎完全包括在1892年的英文版和德文版的序言中)中,恩格斯認為必須告訴讀者:不應當把“英國工人階級狀況”這本書當做一本成熟的馬克思主義的著作。他這樣寫道:“……在本書中到處都可以發現現代社會主義從它的祖先之一即德國古典哲學起源的痕跡。例如本書(特別是在末尾)大力強調:共產主義不純粹是工人階級的黨的學說,而且是一種理論,其最終目的就是把連同資本家在內的整個社會從現存關係的狹窄的範圍中解放出來。這個論斷在抽象的意義下是正確的,然而在實踐中卻是無益的,甚至多半是有害的。既然有產階級不但自己不感到有任何解放的需要,而且以全力反對工人階級的自我解放,那末工人階級就應當單獨地準備和進行社會革命。”接著,恩格斯就解釋,為什麼他在1845年所做的“英國將在最近發生社會革命”的預言沒有證實。他認為,1848年以後憲章運動的低潮和英國工人運動中機會主義的暫時勝利是與英國工業壟斷世界市場有直接聯繫的,並且他確信,一旦英國喪失了壟斷地位,“社會主義將重新在英國出現”。——編者註
本書的德文第一版在1845年在萊比錫出版,德文第二版在1892年出版。那時經作者同意的本書英譯本已出過兩版(1887年紐約版和1892年倫敦版)。恩格斯在準備出本書的新版時,並沒有做任何重大的修改。但是在1887年“美國版附錄”(這篇附錄的內容後來幾乎完全包括在1892年的英文版和德文版的序言中)中,恩格斯認為必須告訴讀者:不應當把“英國工人階級狀況”這本書當做一本成熟的馬克思主義的著作。他這樣寫道:“……在本書中到處都可以發現現代社會主義從它的祖先之一即德國古典哲學起源的痕跡。例如本書(特別是在末尾)大力強調:共產主義不純粹是工人階級的黨的學說,而且是一種理論,其最終目的就是把連同資本家在內的整個社會從現存關係的狹窄的範圍中解放出來。這個論斷在抽象的意義下是正確的,然而在實踐中卻是無益的,甚至多半是有害的。既然有產階級不但自己不感到有任何解放的需要,而且以全力反對工人階級的自我解放,那末工人階級就應當單獨地準備和進行社會革命。”接著,恩格斯就解釋,為什麼他在1845年所做的“英國將在最近發生社會革命”的預言沒有證實。他認為,1848年以後憲章運動的低潮和英國工人運動中機會主義的暫時勝利是與英國工業壟斷世界市場有直接聯繫的,並且他確信,一旦英國喪失了壟斷地位,“社會主義將重新在英國出現”。——編者註
中文馬克思主義文庫
【報導一則:恩格斯回到了曼徹斯特市!】
馬克思一生摯友和革命夥伴恩格斯,回到了英國曼徹斯特!2017年7月17日,曼徹斯特市國際節的活動高潮,為市中心特托尼威爾遜廣場(Tony Wilson Place)豎立的恩格斯雕像進行揭幕儀式。
這座雕像原本是在烏克蘭,因為後來右派政府上台而被拆除。 英國藝術家菲爾·柯林斯(Phil Collins),在烏克蘭東北部的哈爾科夫(Kharkiv)市發現了這座被遺棄的雕像,經過繁瑣的法律程序,終於成功將雕像帶離烏克蘭,安放在一架平板大卡車穿越歐洲最後回到了曼徹斯特。
恩格斯在曼市住了20年,目睹了新興資本主義生產的巨大發展,但同時也目睹資本主義的種種罪惡及剝削的一面,而寫下了名著《英國工人階級狀況》。
《英國工人階級狀況》全書連結:
https://www.marxists.org/chinese/engels/1844-1845/index.htm
https://www.marxists.org/chinese/engels/1844-1845/index.htm
照片來源:美國《雅各賓雜誌》(Jacobin magazine)臉書
David McLellan 1977恩格斯傳北京:中國人民大學,2017
Friedrich Engels was a German philosopher, social scientist, journalist, and businessman. He founded Marxist theory together with Karl Marx. Wikipedia
Born: November 28, 1820, Barmen, Germany
Died: August 5, 1895, London, United Kingdom
The state is nothing but an instrument of opression of one class by another - no less so in a democratic republic than in a monarchy.
All history has been a history of class struggles between dominated classes at various stages of social development.
An ounce of action is worth a ton of theory.
烏克蘭的恩格斯雕像,胡不魂歸曼徹斯特。
https://www.ft.com/content/205105fc-67c3-11e7-9a66-93fb352ba1fe
Back on his pedestal: the return of Friedrich Engels A socialist resurgence has revived the radicalism of the German Marxist thinker. Now the artist Phil Collins is bringing his statue back to the British city he called home Share on Twitter (opens new window) Share on Facebook (opens new window) Share on LinkedIn (opens new window) 6 Save 15 HOURS AGO by: John Lloyd The artist Phil Collins wanted to bring Friedrich Engels back to Manchester where, in the mid-19th century, he had lived for two decades. The German Marxist thinker established the first great industrial city in the annals of communist history with his excoriating 1845 polemic The Condition of the Working Class in England. But in the 171 years since his death, Manchester forgot about him. Collins told me his search for Engels was a “dream”. And it came true: he found him lying face down in the earth, long neglected, behind a creamery in Mala Pereshchepina, a few hours from the north-eastern Ukrainian city of Kharkiv. He was a man of two halves, sawn through at the waist, mouldy, unlovely, cast in concrete. His sorry condition told a wider story. After the Soviet Union emerged from the terror-driven idealism of the Stalinist era, party leader Leonid Brezhnev sought to hold up the USSR as a “developed” socialist state. Other gods were put into place: Lenin statuary was displayed everywhere, as were busts of Karl Marx and, less frequently, his friend and funder Engels. All gazed purposefully into the future. This one had been erected in 1970 and stood stonily in the village for several decades, a gentleman of the Victorian era in frock coat and long beard. Phil Collins in Zaporizhia, Ukraine with a statue of Vladimir Lenin that he was ultimately unable to bring back to the UK © Nikiforov Yevgen The collapse of Soviet communism two decades later saw many come off their pedestals — a culling that was more or less total in the satellite states. Some remained in the Russified areas of eastern Ukraine; but in 2015, as the conflict between Russia and Ukraine continued, an increasingly anti-Russian government decreed that Soviet symbols must be removed, pro-Soviet speech banned and even the singing of Soviet-era songs forbidden. So Collins, previously nominated for the Turner Prize for a video about people whose lives had been ruined by appearing on reality TV, came upon the object of his search when it was at a literal low point in its concrete existence. He and two Russian-speaking aides, Anya Harrison and Olga Borissova, had begun their search in August last year, sensibly enough, in the city of Engels, on the Volga. There they found a statue, also concrete, still standing amid the ruin of the meatpacking plant that had commissioned it. But the local authority, at first helpful, later proved fearful of giving the icon to foreigners at a time of east-west tension. It referred the decision to a court: a decision is still pending. With time running against them, the searchers moved on to the Belarusian city of Vitebsk, where they found a triptych statue — an Asian woman, an African man, with a white young man between them, embracing both, expressing the theme of brotherhood (and less overtly, Soviet leadership). Collins was tempted but it, too, was denied a visa. Collins with a statue of Engels that did not come back to the UK © Nikiforov Yevgen Finally they came to Mala Pereshchepina, where the local authorities were only too glad to get rid of what was by now a legally toxic artefact. In mid-May this year, the two-tonne, near-four-metre-high cement behemoth was loaded on to a flatbed truck to be trundled across Europe, to the city of Engels’ epiphany. This Sunday evening, when it is unveiled outside Home, a big modern arts building in Manchester largely funded by the city council, Collins’ quest will finally be at an end. The artist’s timing is impeccable. June’s UK general election saw a surge of support for the Labour party led by the far-left Jeremy Corbyn. Like Bernie Sanders in last year’s US Democratic primaries, this ageing socialist appealed first of all to the young. Marxism, which had been read the last rites by many, has found new life, reuniting its long-lonely intellectuals and academic advocates with the masses. The French economist Thomas Piketty’s 2013 book Capital in the Twenty-First Century, a self-conscious echo of Marx, was a huge seller. Commentators on the left are making connections between what Engels wrote and contemporary society. Writing in the Guardian after the fire at the Grenfell Tower block of flats in London, Aditya Chakrabortty explicitly linked the tragedy with The Condition of the Working Class, stating Britain “remains a country that murders its poor”. In such narratives, modern despair and marginalisation are laid at the feet of capitalism. The brutality of regimes working under Marxist rules — dramatised this week by the death of China’s most prominent dissident Liu Xiaobo, a few days after his release from long imprisonment — fades to the background. Collins believes that Engels is a writer “with whom we can engage today, with the questions he raises. He isn’t to be confined to his time and forgotten.” Engels’ writing shocked the Victorians. In The Condition of the Working Class he stressed that Britain’s wealth and imperial power (which impressed him), was built on the degradation and endless labour of hundreds of thousands of men, women and children, living in “half or wholly ruined buildings . . . rarely a wooden or stone floor to be seen in the houses, almost uniformly broken, ill-fitting windows and doors, and a state of filth!” Karl Marx, whom Engels had known slightly before he left Germany, was said to have been bewitched by the book. A villager in Mala Pereshchepina, Ukraine, with the statue of Engels that eventually came to Manchester © Shady Lane Productions The brutal world Engels described became a backdrop to some of the era’s best-known literature. The future prime minister, Benjamin Disraeli, published Sybil in 1845; Charles Dickens brought out Hard Times in 1854 and Mrs Gaskell North and South in 1855. All expressed horror at the human cost of industrialism, though with much more sentimentality and much less detail. Even now, when — for all the excesses of capitalism — the stark exploitation Engels evoked has disappeared in the western world, The Condition of the Working Class is an uncomfortable read. The homelessness of the rising generation; the precariousness of freelance work; the feared mass unemployment once artificial replaces human intelligence; the long, spiky tail of the banking collapse of 2008; the end of the postwar expectation that children will ascend further and richer than their parents — these are plausibly presented by the left as a 21st-century equivalent of the Condition of the Working, and even Middle Class of England, and the rest of the capitalist world. Looking out from Home’s café on to the space where Engels will finally rest — and remain — Sarah Perks, the centre’s artistic director for visual arts, tells me that discussion points will be created around the statue’s base to encourage viewers to become participants: “We want to try to understand what the equivalent hardships to those described by Engels would be for today’s working class.” *** Collins intersects with Engels in two ways. Born in the Cheshire port of Runcorn, he works mainly in Manchester. He also has a home in the North Rhine-Westphalia city of Wuppertal, where Engels was born to a pious and wealthy manufacturing family, mainly in the dyestuffs trade (he was already a fledgling socialist when sent by his despairing father to Manchester to work at one of his part-owned subsidiaries in the city). Moving the statue © Shady Lane Productions More than most contemporary artists on the left, Collins shows a strong sympathy for the communist era: one of his films, Marxism Today, is composed of tender interviews with former teachers of Marxism-Leninism in East Germany who were rendered unemployable by its collapse. “When the wall fell, there was also a collapse of something which had been solidarity, co-operative working: individualism flourished,” he says. First and foremost, though, he is engaged in an ironic, post-modernist project. He has taken an icon rejected by a recently socialist state as a sign of imperialist oppression to give it an honoured place in Manchester, the birthplace of industrial capitalism and of free trade. He sees Manchester as a city imbued with a kind of generic leftism: “There’s a Mancunian spirit of radicalism, an interest in politics and what it can do for people if properly managed.” He is most interested in “those who have been occluded from society or history” as Engels was in Manchester, where there is no statue to commemorate him. He thought it necessary to place him back in the city which he had described so graphically, to provide a contrast to the statues of local figures, some of whom — like Richard Cobden and John Bright, the proponents of free trade — were major national figures. On the long trip back from Ukraine to Manchester, he found that the huge, grubby, sundered statue “became a revelation: I felt more connected with him, he became suddenly real. It’s very alive — its physiognomy changed, depending on how it was placed, on the ground, or on the truck, or in the old train depot (its temporary home in Manchester).” The trip, which Collins filmed, featured a number of organised setpieces. In Kharkiv, a reception was arranged. “There were schoolchildren, and a teacher gave a lesson about Marx and Engels, Manchester and its importance, the Soviet Union, and the process of de-communisation. Then a girls’ choir, all in white, stood up on the truck and sang a Soviet-era song called ‘The Jolly Wind’ (presumably in defiance of the law), as they waved goodbye.” A choir of schoolchildren in Kharkiv, where a reception was arranged for the statue © Shady Lane Productions At Rosa Luxemburg Platz in Berlin (named after the communist activist murdered in the city in 1919) actors and others — many from the Volksbühne, or People’s Theatre — put on a show. There were speeches by academics belonging to the “accelerationist” school — a protean thought system with left and right branches, whose basis is the desire to speed up technological change to accelerate social transformation. The trip and the project display the artist’s ability to draw in myriad influences and strands, from kitsch through social realism and Soviet sentimentality for the loss of an authoritarianism they had experienced as security. Collins believes that, in the collapse of communism, “Something had been lost. The usual prism through which we saw, say, the East German society, was so strong that we didn’t see the ordinary; it frustrated our ability to see the day-to-day life.” He believes his Engels project “points to the fact we can have different kinds of statues here. It’s a found object, not something specially made. It’s transformative. It’s one kind of history coming back into the forge that created it.” *** The indifference of Manchester to Engels was noted by the former Labour MP Tristram Hunt in his fine biography, The Frock-Coated Communist. He found an Engels House on a council estate, where the residents complain of damp. In 2014, when the university in neighbouring Salford had the Engine Arts Theatre Company build a five-metre-high fibreglass Engels bust in which his vast beard was a climbing frame, one reviewer described it “as having all the intelligence and subtlety of making a see-saw shaped like Marx’s bum boils”. Things are changing, according to Jonathan Schofield, who writes about the city and conducts tours. Schofield thinks Manchester, along with other Midlands and northern cities, is shaking off its subaltern deference to London. “The provincial cities in the 19th century were more important than London. Now you’re finding a reawakening of civic pride: coming into their own again,” he says. He does a Marx and Engels tour that takes in Chetham’s Library, the oldest free library in the UK, opened in the mid-17th century through the bequest of Humphrey Chetham, a local merchant. “It’s the only building left where Engels definitely was. He worked with Marx at a table, still there, with the books they both used. When I take Chinese visitors to see it, some of them cry.” Vinnie Gavin (right) and his son Scott Gavin of 'Stone Central' work on restoring the statue of Friedrich Engels in Manchester in July © Greg Funnell For all the mass murders committed in their name, Marx and Engels continue to loom large today, not just in the consciousness of lachrymose visitors from China — where they remain on their pedestals. Their ideas are being revived beyond the lecture room. They represent a way not taken, a revolution betrayed. And on Sunday evening, Manchester’s first communist will be unveiled on a capitalist pedestal at last. John Lloyd is an FT contributing editor Photographs: Greg Funnell; Yevgen Nikiforov
https://www.ft.com/content/205105fc-67c3-11e7-9a66-93fb352ba1fe
Back on his pedestal: the return of Friedrich Engels A socialist resurgence has revived the radicalism of the German Marxist thinker. Now the artist Phil Collins is bringing his statue back to the British city he called home Share on Twitter (opens new window) Share on Facebook (opens new window) Share on LinkedIn (opens new window) 6 Save 15 HOURS AGO by: John Lloyd The artist Phil Collins wanted to bring Friedrich Engels back to Manchester where, in the mid-19th century, he had lived for two decades. The German Marxist thinker established the first great industrial city in the annals of communist history with his excoriating 1845 polemic The Condition of the Working Class in England. But in the 171 years since his death, Manchester forgot about him. Collins told me his search for Engels was a “dream”. And it came true: he found him lying face down in the earth, long neglected, behind a creamery in Mala Pereshchepina, a few hours from the north-eastern Ukrainian city of Kharkiv. He was a man of two halves, sawn through at the waist, mouldy, unlovely, cast in concrete. His sorry condition told a wider story. After the Soviet Union emerged from the terror-driven idealism of the Stalinist era, party leader Leonid Brezhnev sought to hold up the USSR as a “developed” socialist state. Other gods were put into place: Lenin statuary was displayed everywhere, as were busts of Karl Marx and, less frequently, his friend and funder Engels. All gazed purposefully into the future. This one had been erected in 1970 and stood stonily in the village for several decades, a gentleman of the Victorian era in frock coat and long beard. Phil Collins in Zaporizhia, Ukraine with a statue of Vladimir Lenin that he was ultimately unable to bring back to the UK © Nikiforov Yevgen The collapse of Soviet communism two decades later saw many come off their pedestals — a culling that was more or less total in the satellite states. Some remained in the Russified areas of eastern Ukraine; but in 2015, as the conflict between Russia and Ukraine continued, an increasingly anti-Russian government decreed that Soviet symbols must be removed, pro-Soviet speech banned and even the singing of Soviet-era songs forbidden. So Collins, previously nominated for the Turner Prize for a video about people whose lives had been ruined by appearing on reality TV, came upon the object of his search when it was at a literal low point in its concrete existence. He and two Russian-speaking aides, Anya Harrison and Olga Borissova, had begun their search in August last year, sensibly enough, in the city of Engels, on the Volga. There they found a statue, also concrete, still standing amid the ruin of the meatpacking plant that had commissioned it. But the local authority, at first helpful, later proved fearful of giving the icon to foreigners at a time of east-west tension. It referred the decision to a court: a decision is still pending. With time running against them, the searchers moved on to the Belarusian city of Vitebsk, where they found a triptych statue — an Asian woman, an African man, with a white young man between them, embracing both, expressing the theme of brotherhood (and less overtly, Soviet leadership). Collins was tempted but it, too, was denied a visa. Collins with a statue of Engels that did not come back to the UK © Nikiforov Yevgen Finally they came to Mala Pereshchepina, where the local authorities were only too glad to get rid of what was by now a legally toxic artefact. In mid-May this year, the two-tonne, near-four-metre-high cement behemoth was loaded on to a flatbed truck to be trundled across Europe, to the city of Engels’ epiphany. This Sunday evening, when it is unveiled outside Home, a big modern arts building in Manchester largely funded by the city council, Collins’ quest will finally be at an end. The artist’s timing is impeccable. June’s UK general election saw a surge of support for the Labour party led by the far-left Jeremy Corbyn. Like Bernie Sanders in last year’s US Democratic primaries, this ageing socialist appealed first of all to the young. Marxism, which had been read the last rites by many, has found new life, reuniting its long-lonely intellectuals and academic advocates with the masses. The French economist Thomas Piketty’s 2013 book Capital in the Twenty-First Century, a self-conscious echo of Marx, was a huge seller. Commentators on the left are making connections between what Engels wrote and contemporary society. Writing in the Guardian after the fire at the Grenfell Tower block of flats in London, Aditya Chakrabortty explicitly linked the tragedy with The Condition of the Working Class, stating Britain “remains a country that murders its poor”. In such narratives, modern despair and marginalisation are laid at the feet of capitalism. The brutality of regimes working under Marxist rules — dramatised this week by the death of China’s most prominent dissident Liu Xiaobo, a few days after his release from long imprisonment — fades to the background. Collins believes that Engels is a writer “with whom we can engage today, with the questions he raises. He isn’t to be confined to his time and forgotten.” Engels’ writing shocked the Victorians. In The Condition of the Working Class he stressed that Britain’s wealth and imperial power (which impressed him), was built on the degradation and endless labour of hundreds of thousands of men, women and children, living in “half or wholly ruined buildings . . . rarely a wooden or stone floor to be seen in the houses, almost uniformly broken, ill-fitting windows and doors, and a state of filth!” Karl Marx, whom Engels had known slightly before he left Germany, was said to have been bewitched by the book. A villager in Mala Pereshchepina, Ukraine, with the statue of Engels that eventually came to Manchester © Shady Lane Productions The brutal world Engels described became a backdrop to some of the era’s best-known literature. The future prime minister, Benjamin Disraeli, published Sybil in 1845; Charles Dickens brought out Hard Times in 1854 and Mrs Gaskell North and South in 1855. All expressed horror at the human cost of industrialism, though with much more sentimentality and much less detail. Even now, when — for all the excesses of capitalism — the stark exploitation Engels evoked has disappeared in the western world, The Condition of the Working Class is an uncomfortable read. The homelessness of the rising generation; the precariousness of freelance work; the feared mass unemployment once artificial replaces human intelligence; the long, spiky tail of the banking collapse of 2008; the end of the postwar expectation that children will ascend further and richer than their parents — these are plausibly presented by the left as a 21st-century equivalent of the Condition of the Working, and even Middle Class of England, and the rest of the capitalist world. Looking out from Home’s café on to the space where Engels will finally rest — and remain — Sarah Perks, the centre’s artistic director for visual arts, tells me that discussion points will be created around the statue’s base to encourage viewers to become participants: “We want to try to understand what the equivalent hardships to those described by Engels would be for today’s working class.” *** Collins intersects with Engels in two ways. Born in the Cheshire port of Runcorn, he works mainly in Manchester. He also has a home in the North Rhine-Westphalia city of Wuppertal, where Engels was born to a pious and wealthy manufacturing family, mainly in the dyestuffs trade (he was already a fledgling socialist when sent by his despairing father to Manchester to work at one of his part-owned subsidiaries in the city). Moving the statue © Shady Lane Productions More than most contemporary artists on the left, Collins shows a strong sympathy for the communist era: one of his films, Marxism Today, is composed of tender interviews with former teachers of Marxism-Leninism in East Germany who were rendered unemployable by its collapse. “When the wall fell, there was also a collapse of something which had been solidarity, co-operative working: individualism flourished,” he says. First and foremost, though, he is engaged in an ironic, post-modernist project. He has taken an icon rejected by a recently socialist state as a sign of imperialist oppression to give it an honoured place in Manchester, the birthplace of industrial capitalism and of free trade. He sees Manchester as a city imbued with a kind of generic leftism: “There’s a Mancunian spirit of radicalism, an interest in politics and what it can do for people if properly managed.” He is most interested in “those who have been occluded from society or history” as Engels was in Manchester, where there is no statue to commemorate him. He thought it necessary to place him back in the city which he had described so graphically, to provide a contrast to the statues of local figures, some of whom — like Richard Cobden and John Bright, the proponents of free trade — were major national figures. On the long trip back from Ukraine to Manchester, he found that the huge, grubby, sundered statue “became a revelation: I felt more connected with him, he became suddenly real. It’s very alive — its physiognomy changed, depending on how it was placed, on the ground, or on the truck, or in the old train depot (its temporary home in Manchester).” The trip, which Collins filmed, featured a number of organised setpieces. In Kharkiv, a reception was arranged. “There were schoolchildren, and a teacher gave a lesson about Marx and Engels, Manchester and its importance, the Soviet Union, and the process of de-communisation. Then a girls’ choir, all in white, stood up on the truck and sang a Soviet-era song called ‘The Jolly Wind’ (presumably in defiance of the law), as they waved goodbye.” A choir of schoolchildren in Kharkiv, where a reception was arranged for the statue © Shady Lane Productions At Rosa Luxemburg Platz in Berlin (named after the communist activist murdered in the city in 1919) actors and others — many from the Volksbühne, or People’s Theatre — put on a show. There were speeches by academics belonging to the “accelerationist” school — a protean thought system with left and right branches, whose basis is the desire to speed up technological change to accelerate social transformation. The trip and the project display the artist’s ability to draw in myriad influences and strands, from kitsch through social realism and Soviet sentimentality for the loss of an authoritarianism they had experienced as security. Collins believes that, in the collapse of communism, “Something had been lost. The usual prism through which we saw, say, the East German society, was so strong that we didn’t see the ordinary; it frustrated our ability to see the day-to-day life.” He believes his Engels project “points to the fact we can have different kinds of statues here. It’s a found object, not something specially made. It’s transformative. It’s one kind of history coming back into the forge that created it.” *** The indifference of Manchester to Engels was noted by the former Labour MP Tristram Hunt in his fine biography, The Frock-Coated Communist. He found an Engels House on a council estate, where the residents complain of damp. In 2014, when the university in neighbouring Salford had the Engine Arts Theatre Company build a five-metre-high fibreglass Engels bust in which his vast beard was a climbing frame, one reviewer described it “as having all the intelligence and subtlety of making a see-saw shaped like Marx’s bum boils”. Things are changing, according to Jonathan Schofield, who writes about the city and conducts tours. Schofield thinks Manchester, along with other Midlands and northern cities, is shaking off its subaltern deference to London. “The provincial cities in the 19th century were more important than London. Now you’re finding a reawakening of civic pride: coming into their own again,” he says. He does a Marx and Engels tour that takes in Chetham’s Library, the oldest free library in the UK, opened in the mid-17th century through the bequest of Humphrey Chetham, a local merchant. “It’s the only building left where Engels definitely was. He worked with Marx at a table, still there, with the books they both used. When I take Chinese visitors to see it, some of them cry.” Vinnie Gavin (right) and his son Scott Gavin of 'Stone Central' work on restoring the statue of Friedrich Engels in Manchester in July © Greg Funnell For all the mass murders committed in their name, Marx and Engels continue to loom large today, not just in the consciousness of lachrymose visitors from China — where they remain on their pedestals. Their ideas are being revived beyond the lecture room. They represent a way not taken, a revolution betrayed. And on Sunday evening, Manchester’s first communist will be unveiled on a capitalist pedestal at last. John Lloyd is an FT contributing editor Photographs: Greg Funnell; Yevgen Nikiforov
↧
宮澤賢治詩集:《春天與阿修羅》《不要輸給風雨》
文字來源
http://www.books.com.tw/products/0010697939
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宮澤賢治是"前西洋科學概念"的詩人,即,佛教遠比科學觀更早在他生根。
春天與阿修羅
作者: (日)宮澤賢治
出版社:新星出版社
出版日期:2015/09/01
語言:簡體中文
《春天與阿修羅》是宮澤賢治的一部詩集。作為曾經的詩壇「異類」,宮澤賢治至今仍是昭和詩人中獨特的,也是日本影響力大的詩人之一,被選為日本千年來偉大的作家第四位。
《春天與阿修羅》開宇宙詩風之先河,代表了早期現代詩歌的成就,中原中也、谷川俊太郎等名家直言受其巨大的影響。
宮澤的魅力來自於他科學家般的眼睛、哲學家般的智慧,以及一顆詩人的心(日本詩人村野四郎)
如果說詩人,一百餘年的日本也就三個:宮澤賢治、中原中也、谷川俊太郎。(日本大思想家加藤周一)
偉大是一個非常重的詞,宮澤賢治、中原中也等人都是非常好的詩人,其中宮澤賢治接近偉大。(日本國民詩人谷川俊太郎)
(日本)宮澤賢治,日本國民詩人與兒童文學巨匠。全國各地的小學、國中的國語課本都可見他的作品。
2000年,日本《朝日新聞》進行了一項調查,由作者自由投票選出「一千年里巨受歡迎的日本文學家」,宮澤賢治名列第四,遠遠超過了太宰治、谷崎潤一郎、川端康成、三島由紀夫、安部公房、大江健三郎和村上春樹。
代表作有《銀河鐵道之夜》《風又三郎》,詩集《春天與阿修羅》等。
吳菲,畢業於日本山口大學人文科學研究科語言文化專業,文學碩士。譯作有《向着明亮的那方》《西域余聞》《浮雲》《手鎖心中》等。
目錄
卷一及補遺
卷二及其他
*****
不要輸給風雨:宮澤賢治詩集
作者: 宮澤賢治
譯者:顧錦芬
內容簡介
宮澤賢治先生120週年誕生紀念
華語圈首部宮澤賢治純詩集,
收錄除了〔不輸給雨〕、〈永訣之朝〉外,
多首從未中譯的宮澤賢治經典詩作
所謂 我 的這個現象
是被假設的有機交流電燈的
一抹藍色照明
隨著風景以及大家一起
忙忙碌碌地明滅
就像是真的繼續點著的
因果交流電燈的
一抹藍色照明
BY 宮澤賢治
永久的未完成 這就是完成
BY 宮澤賢治
宮澤賢治是日本最受歡迎的國民作家之一。短短37年人生,除了童話之外,賢治一共創作了八百多首詩,絕大多數都沒有公開發表,少量則集結成《春天與修羅》,以自費的方式發行出版。
賢治生前作品乏人問津,卻在逝世後,成為日本家喻戶曉的國民作家,作品被收錄在課本中。又因其強大的精神感召力,成為日本人的心靈原鄉與文學象徵之一。日本311大震後,演員渡邊謙朗讀宮澤賢治的名作:〔不輸給雨〕,撫慰了千萬人心。
宮澤賢治的作品帶著強烈的玄想色彩,大量運用自然的象徵物與情境,乍讀也許悲傷,卻又可以感受到生之強韌與力量,以及對人和土地的深層關懷。日本近代著名詩人高村光太郎就曾說過:
胸懷宇宙者,無論身處多麼偏遠處,總是能超越地方性而存在。內心沒有宇宙者,無論身處多麼核心的文化之地,也只是一個地方性的存在。岩手縣花卷的詩人宮澤賢治就是罕見的胸懷宇宙的人。他所謂的伊哈托布,就是藉由他內心的宇宙所表達出來的這世界全部。
本詩集譯出大部分的《春天與修羅》,收錄「宮澤賢治關鍵語彙小辭典」,其他項目則斟酌採選較著名或是對於理解賢治有幫助的作品。希望與華文圈的讀者,共同分享這個有著深邃心靈的詩人內心的風景。
譯者:顧錦芬
內容簡介
宮澤賢治先生120週年誕生紀念
華語圈首部宮澤賢治純詩集,
收錄除了〔不輸給雨〕、〈永訣之朝〉外,
多首從未中譯的宮澤賢治經典詩作
所謂 我 的這個現象
是被假設的有機交流電燈的
一抹藍色照明
隨著風景以及大家一起
忙忙碌碌地明滅
就像是真的繼續點著的
因果交流電燈的
一抹藍色照明
BY 宮澤賢治
永久的未完成 這就是完成
BY 宮澤賢治
宮澤賢治是日本最受歡迎的國民作家之一。短短37年人生,除了童話之外,賢治一共創作了八百多首詩,絕大多數都沒有公開發表,少量則集結成《春天與修羅》,以自費的方式發行出版。
賢治生前作品乏人問津,卻在逝世後,成為日本家喻戶曉的國民作家,作品被收錄在課本中。又因其強大的精神感召力,成為日本人的心靈原鄉與文學象徵之一。日本311大震後,演員渡邊謙朗讀宮澤賢治的名作:〔不輸給雨〕,撫慰了千萬人心。
宮澤賢治的作品帶著強烈的玄想色彩,大量運用自然的象徵物與情境,乍讀也許悲傷,卻又可以感受到生之強韌與力量,以及對人和土地的深層關懷。日本近代著名詩人高村光太郎就曾說過:
胸懷宇宙者,無論身處多麼偏遠處,總是能超越地方性而存在。內心沒有宇宙者,無論身處多麼核心的文化之地,也只是一個地方性的存在。岩手縣花卷的詩人宮澤賢治就是罕見的胸懷宇宙的人。他所謂的伊哈托布,就是藉由他內心的宇宙所表達出來的這世界全部。
本詩集譯出大部分的《春天與修羅》,收錄「宮澤賢治關鍵語彙小辭典」,其他項目則斟酌採選較著名或是對於理解賢治有幫助的作品。希望與華文圈的讀者,共同分享這個有著深邃心靈的詩人內心的風景。
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Rilke:The Book of Hours, “The Lion Cage,”
Rainer Maria Rilke was born on this day in 1875. Read this excerpt from “The Lion Cage.”
Leo Tolstoy, by Leonid Pasternak
Rainer Maria Rilke
You, my own deep soul,
trust me. I will not betray you.
My blood is alive with many voices
telling me I am made of longing.
What mystery breaks over me now?
In its shadow I come into life.
For the first time I am alone with you—
you, my power to feel.
From The Book of Hours I, 39
"Archaic Torso of Apollo" by Rainer Maria Rilke (1875-1926)
We cannot know his legendary head
with eyes like ripening fruit. And yet his torso
is still suffused with brilliance from inside,
like a lamp, in which his gaze, now turned to low,
with eyes like ripening fruit. And yet his torso
is still suffused with brilliance from inside,
like a lamp, in which his gaze, now turned to low,
gleams in all its power. Otherwise
the curved breast could not dazzle you so, nor could
a smile run through the placid hips and thighs
to that dark center where procreation flared.
the curved breast could not dazzle you so, nor could
a smile run through the placid hips and thighs
to that dark center where procreation flared.
Otherwise this stone would seem defaced
beneath the translucent cascade of the shoulders
and would not glisten like a wild beast’s fur:
beneath the translucent cascade of the shoulders
and would not glisten like a wild beast’s fur:
would not, from all the borders of itself,
burst like a star: for here there is no place
that does not see you. You must change your life.
burst like a star: for here there is no place
that does not see you. You must change your life.
++++
Rilke's Book of Hours: Love Poems to God by Rainer Maria Rilke
“I live my life in widening circles that reach out across the world.”
....
“I am too alone in the world, and yet not alone enough
to make every moment holy.
I am too tiny in this world, and not tiny enough
just to lie before you like a thing,
shrewd and secretive.
I want my own will, and I want simply to be with my will,
as it goes toward action;
and in those quiet, sometimes hardly moving times,
when something is coming near,
I want to be with those who know secret things
or else alone.
I want to be a mirror for your whole body,
and I never want to be blind, or to be too old
to hold up your heavy and swaying picture.
I want to unfold.
I don’t want to stay folded anywhere,
because where I am folded, there I am a lie.
and I want my grasp of things to be
true before you. I want to describe myself
like a painting that I looked at
closely for a long time,
like a saying that I finally understood,
like the pitcher I use every day,
like the face of my mother,
like a ship
that carried me
through the wildest storm of all.”
....
“If we surrendered
to earth's intelligence
we could rise up rooted, like trees.”
...
“I am circling around God, around the ancient tower, and I have been circling for a thousand years, and I still don't know if I am a falcon, or a storm, or a great song.”
.....
“I love the dark hours of my being.
My mind deepens into them.
There I can find, as in old letters,
the days of my life, already lived,
and held like a legend, and understood.”
....
“You see, I want a lot.
Perhaps I want everything
the darkness that comes with every infinite fall
and the shivering blaze of every step up.
So many live on and want nothing
And are raised to the rank of prince
By the slippery ease of their light judgments
But what you love to see are faces
that do work and feel thirst.
You love most of all those who need you
as they need a crowbar or a hoe.
You have not grown old, and it is not too late
To dive into your increasing depths
where life calmly gives out its own secret.”
....
“God speaks to each of us as he makes us,
then walks with us silently out of the night.
These are the words we dimly hear:
You, sent out beyond your recall,
go to the limits of your longing.
Embody me.
Flare up like a flame
and make big shadows I can move in.
Let everything happen to you: beauty and terror.
Just keep going. No feeling is final.
Don't let yourself lose me.
Nearby is the country they call life.
You will know it by its seriousness.
Give me your hand.”
......
“I want my own will, and I want
simply to be with my will,
as it goes toward action.
And in the silent, sometimes hardly moving times,
when something is coming near,
I want to be with those who know
secret things or else alone...
I want to unfold.
I don’t want to be folded anywhere,
because where I am folded,
there I am a lie.”
......
“If we surrendered
to earth’s intelligence
we could rise up rooted, like trees.
Instead we entangle ourselves
in knots of our own making
and struggle, lonely and confused.
So like children, we begin again...
to fall,
patiently to trust our heaviness.
Even a bird has to do that
before he can fly.”
.....
“I live my life in growing orbits which move out over this wondrous world, I am circling around God, around ancient towers and i have been circling for a thousand years. And I still dont know if I am an eagle or a storm or a great song.”
....
“I am much too alone in this world, yet not alone enough.”
....
“I live my life in widening circle
That reach out across the world.
I may not ever complete the last one,
But I give myself to it.
I circle around God, that primordial tower.
I have been circling for thousands of years,
And I still don't know: am I a falcon,
A storm, or a great song? [I, 2]”
.....
“You, darkness, of whom I am born- I love you more than the flame that limits the world to the circle it illumines and excludes the rest.”
....
“So we are grasped by what we cannot grasp.”
....
“I am a house gutted by fire where only the guilty sometimes sleep before the punishment that devours them hounds them out in the open. ”
.....
“You, God, who live next door--
If at times, through the long night, I trouble you
with my urgent knocking--
this is why: I hear you breathe so seldom.
I know you're all alone in that room.
If you should be thirsty, there's no one
to get you a glass of water.
I wait listening, always. Just give me a sign!
I'm right here...
Sen komşu tanrı,
Uzun geceler bazen,
Kapına vura vura uyandırıyorsam seni
Solumanı seyrek duyduğumdandır...
Bilirim, yalnızsın odanda.
Sana birşey gerekse kimse yok,
Bir yudum su versin aradığında.
Hep dinlerim, yeter ki bir ses edin,
Öyle yakınım sana...”
....
“How surely gravity's law,
strong as an ocean current,
takes hold of the smallest thing
and pulls it toward the heart of the world.
Each thing---
each stone, blossom, child---
is held in place.
Only we, in our arrogance,
push out beyond what we each belong to
for some empty freedom.
If we surrendered
to earth's intelligence
we could rise up rooted, like trees.
Instead we entangle ourselves
in knots of our own making
and struggle, lonely and confused.
So like children, we begin again
to learn from the things,
because they are in God's heart;
they have never left him.
This is what the things can teach us:
to fall,
patiently to trust our heaviness.
Even a bird has to do that
before he can fly.”
....
“I want to unfold.
I don’t want to be folded anywhere,
because where I am folded,
there I am a lie.”
.....
“I would describe myself like a landscape I’ve studied at length, in detail; like a word I’m coming to understand; like a pitcher I pour from at mealtime; like my mother’s face; like a ship that carried me when the waters raged.”
....
“You, yesterday’s boy,
to whom confusion came:
Listen, lest you forget who you are.
It was not pleasure you fell into. It was joy.
You were called to be bridegroom,
though the bride coming toward you is your shame.
What chose you is the great desire.
Now all flesh bares itself to you.
On pious images pale cheeks
blush with a strange fire.
Your senses uncoil like snakes
awakened by the beat of the tambourine.
Then suddenly you’re left all alone
with your body that can’t love you
and your will that can’t save you.
But now, like a whispering in dark streets,
rumors of God run through your dark blood.”
....
“So many are alive who don’t seem to care. Casual, easy, they move in the world as though untouched. But you take pleasure in the faces of those who know they thirst. You cherish those who grip you for survival.”
.....
“Put out my eyes, and I can see you still;
slam my ears to, and I can hear you yet;
and without any feet can go to you;
and tongueless, I can conjure you at will.
Break off my arms, I shall take hold of you
and grasp you with my heart as with a hand;
arrest my heart, my brain will beat as true;
and if you set this brain of mine afire,
....
“She who reconciles the ill-matched threads of her life, and weaves them gratefully into a single cloth— it’s she who drives the loudmouths from the hall and clears it for a different celebration where the one guest is you. In the softness of evening it’s you she receives. You are the partner of her loneliness, the unspeaking center of her monologues. With each disclosure you encompass more and she stretches beyond what limits her, to hold you.”
.....
“Onto a Vast Plain"
You are not surprised at the force of the storm—
you have seen it growing.
The trees flee. Their flight
sets the boulevards streaming. And you know:
he whom they flee is the one
you move toward. All your senses
sing him, as you stand at the window.
The weeks stood still in summer.
The trees’ blood rose. Now you feel
it wants to sink back
into the source of everything. You thought
you could trust that power
when you plucked the fruit:
now it becomes a riddle again
and you again a stranger.
Summer was like your house: you know
where each thing stood.
Now you must go out into your heart
as onto a vast plain. Now
the immense loneliness begins.
The days go numb, the wind
sucks the world from your senses like withered leaves.
Through the empty branches the sky remains.
It is what you have.
Be earth now, and evensong.
Be the ground lying under that sky.
Be modest now, like a thing
ripened until it is real,
so that he who began it all
can feel you when he reaches for you.”
.....
“No, my life is not this precipitous hour
through which you see me passing at a run.”
...
“I love the dark hours of my being.
My mind deepens into them.
There I can find, as in old letters,
the days of my life, already lived,
and held like a legend, and understood.
Then the knowing comes: I can open
to another life that’s wide and timeless.
So I am sometimes like a tree
rustling over a gravesite
and making real the dream
of the one its living roots
embrace:
a dream once lost
among sorrows and songs.”
....
“No waiting the beyond, no peering toward it,
but longing to degrade not even death;
we shall learn earthliness, and serve its ends,
to feel its hands about us like a friend's.”
...
“I’m too alone in the world, yet not alone enough
to make each hour holy.
I’m too small in the world, yet not small enough
to be simply in your presence, like a thing—
just as it is.
I want to know my own will
and to move with it.
And I want, in the hushed moments
when the nameless draws near,
to be among the wise ones—
or alone.
I want to mirror your immensity.
I want never to be too weak or too old
to bear the heavy, lurching image of you.
I want to unfold.
Let no place in me hold itself closed,
for where I am closed, I am false.
I want to stay clear in your sight.”
....
“For your sake poets sequester themselves,
gather images to churn the mind,
journey forth, ripening with metaphor,
and all their lives they are so alone...
And painters paint their pictures only
that the world, so transient as you made it,
can be given back to you,
to last forever.
All becomes eternal. See: In the Mona Lisa
some woman has long since ripened like wine,
and the enduring feminine is held there
through all the ages.
Those who create are like you.
They long for the eternal.
They say, Stone, be forever!
And that means: be yours.
And lovers also gather your inheritance.
They are the poets of one brief hour.
They kiss an expressionless mouth into a smile
as if creating it anew, more beautiful.
Awakening desire, they make a place
where pain can enter;
that’s how growing happens.
They bring suffering along with their laughter,
and longings that had slept and now awaken
to weep in a stranger’s arms.”
....
“All who seek you
test you.
And those who find you
bind you to image and gesture.
I would rather sense you
as the earth senses you.
In my ripening
ripens what you are.”
....
“Go To the Limits of Your Longing"
God speaks to each of us as he makes us,
then walks with us silently out of the night.
These are the words we dimly hear:
You, sent out beyond your recall,
go to the limits of your longing.
Embody me.
Flare up like a flame
and make big shadows I can move in.
Let everything happen to you: beauty and terror.
Just keep going. No feeling is final.
Don’t let yourself lose me.
Nearby is the country they call life.
You will know it by its seriousness.
Give me your hand.
Rania Maria Rilke, The Book of Hours
Let everything happen to you: beauty and terror.
Just keep going. No feeling is final.
Don’t let yourself lose me.
Nearby is the country they call life.
You will know it by it’s seriousness.
Give me your hand.”
....
“Piously we produce our images of you
till they stand around you like a thousand walls.
And when our hearts would simply open,
our fervent hands hide you.”
...
“But when I lean over the chasm of myself—
it seems
my God is dark
and like a web: a hundred roots
silently drinking.
This is the ferment I grow out of.
More I don’t know, because my branches
rest in deep silence, stirred only by the wind.”
.....
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Book of Hours 「時間之書」是誤譯
The Book of Hours
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Book_of_Hours
日文Goo 辭典對 Book of Hours
- ((時に B- of H-)) (ローマカトリックで)時祷じとう書,(ギリシア正教で)時課経:定められている祈祷文や聖書の箇所など,(定)時課(canonical hours)の内容と順序を記した本.
Breviary :每日頌禱;時辰頌禱;日課經;日課;大日課;本分經:是教會的公共祈禱,亦即聖職人士、修會會士和熱心教友每日(七次)祈禱時所用的法定經書,藉此履行領洗時所接受的王者司祭職;主要由聖經、聖詠和聖人訓誨組成;共分為: (1) 誦讀日課(今稱),即晨經 Matins 。 (2) 晨禱,即讚美經 Lauds 。 (3) 日間祈禱,又分為:(甲)午前祈禱,即第三時辰經 Terce ;(乙)午時祈禱,即第六時辰經 Sext ;(丙)午後祈禱,即第九時辰經 None 。 (4) 晚禱,即晚經 Vespers 。 … 夜禱,即補充經 Compline 等部分。同 Liturgy of the Hours 或 Book of Hours 。拉丁文稱作 Breviarium 。
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趙民德《我的雜詩小詞》、 趙家酒店:滕六,雪神名。《飄著細雪的下午》《趙友培自選集》
趙民德《我的雜詩小詞》出版後,趙先生送我一本。國家圖書館來要一本,我說要跟趙先生問問。
他說,沒問題。可是,國家圖書館不再來問了,不知如何聯絡,就不了了之。
----
趙民德《我的雜詩小詞》,臺北:華人戴明學院,2015
2015.12.2,歲暮, 收到趙先生的書,附封打字的簽名信 (此致 近好)。
"......寄上的詩集算是我近50年的心情點滴。基本上是前一陣為了紀念金婚的小小見証所作的整理。
......但是真的好久不用筆了,想來那本來不算好的字,就更拿不出手了。
另加手寫一行:p. s. 你的幫忙真是夠力。
(hc:我要感謝郭展銓先生、鍾漢忠先生、劉晨怡女士的幫忙。)
下午,找機會讀其中新詩長詩《滕六》(頁15-30)、《十年詩》(頁33)、《四不詩》(頁35/頁36為鍾玲的英譯)等等,都相當好。
Attachments area
Preview attachment 我的雜詩小詞OK版(預覽用).jpg
我的雜詩小詞OK版(預覽用).jpg
******
書名 趙友培自選集
作者 趙友培
出版者 黎明文化事業公司印行, 1977/1981
趙友培(1913—1999)評論家。江蘇揚中人。正風文學院中國文學系畢業,歷任相教中學國文教師、《揚中民報》社社長。抗戰時投身國民黨文宣機構,入“三青團”中央宣傳處服務,歷任重慶社會局視導,《市民周報》發行人,重慶市立圖書館館長等職。抗戰勝利後,任中央文運會南京文化特派員、江蘇省參議員、“國大代表”。 1949年去台灣,1950年,與張道藩等組織“中國文藝協會”。 1954年組建“中國語文學會”,創辦《中國語文》月刊。著有《三民主義文藝創作論》、《文藝論衡》、《國家基本結構研究》等10餘種。
目錄
個人履歷
人物生平
成就及榮譽
個人作品
個人其它信息
社會評價
趙友培著作目錄個人履歷 趙友培先生事略先生於民國二年十二月初一日生於今江蘇省揚中市,其地四面環江,為一沙洲。六歲入鄉村私塾,整日閉坐,如小鳥在籠,塾師但令背誦,功課枯燥生硬。先生不感興趣,常乘隙逃學,家長發覺,痛加鞭笞,但家中亦因而自設學塾,延聘名師,改善教導,先坐學業大進。
人物生平十九年秋,先生負笈上海,入正風文學院中國文學系。畢業後以績優留院任助教,繼受聘為治中女中及金科女中國文教師。二十五年春回籍,任揚中民報社社長。抗戰軍興,南京淪陷,先生約集青年志士扁舟北上,抵淮陰,轉徐州,赴武漢,投筆從戎。二十七年七月,三民主義青年團成立,先生入中央團部宣傳處服務,參加保衛大武漢之役。二十八年五月,先生在重慶策畫舉辦青年運動週,以「五四」為青年節,集合青年團員於夫子池舉行大會。敵機肆虐轟炸,幸指揮得宜。同年冬調復興關黨政訓練團黨政班第五期受訓,結業後轉任重慶市社會局視導,創辦市民周報,兼發行人。調任重慶市立圖書館館長,市立民眾教育館館長,在此期間寫成<三民主義文藝創作論>一書,其後由正中書局出版。編輯本段成就及榮譽三十一年秋受任中央政治學校訓導,次年兼任副教授。暑假後應張道藩先生之邀,任中央文化運動委員會秘書兼<文藝先鋒>月刊主編。三十三年冬,日軍進攻黔南,陪都震動,中央成立戰時服務督導團,先生調駐貴陽,協助張督導長救助自桂林撤退之文化界人士,並支應湘黔築昆各線團隊工作,次年四月完成任務。
個人作品抗戰勝利初期,隨道藩先生飛京,任中央文運會南京市文化特派員,並赴上海部署工作。次年五月一日至七日,配合還都盛典,舉辦文藝運\動週,首次訂「五四」為文藝節。三十七年春,膺選制憲國民大會代表。國民政府行憲,當選行憲國民大會代表。一九四九年四月到台灣,五月任台灣師範學院副教授,主講修辭學。一九五O年五月四日“中國文藝協會”成立,先生為主要發起人,多屆連任常務理事,推動青年文藝教育,培育戰後台灣文藝人才,並參與張道藩先生主持之“中華文藝獎金委員會”,鼓勵寫作風氣。
個人其它信息先生鑑於文藝創作貴創新,創新的希望在青年,一九五O年八月,得張道藩先生支持,與陳紀瀅合辦暑期“青年文藝研習會”,為台灣光復後第一次青年文藝教育集體活動。一九五一年三月,與王夢鷗李辰冬合辦小說創作研究組,為台灣光復後第一次完整而深入的青年文藝訓練。先生無私無我,耕耘播種,產生深遠的影響,其教學方式對台灣的文藝教育產生示範作用。
社會評價以後多年,先生不斷應邀到學校軍中各種夏令營演講,與青年作者討論作品,受惠者無數。在此朝間出版文藝書簡、答文藝愛好者、文藝論衡等書,由淺入深,執簡馭繁,循循善誘,備見苦心。一九五二年四月,先生髮行中國語文月刊,創辦中國語文學會,結合教授學者與教育工作者鼓吹語文並重,提高國語文水準,為文學厚植根基。與台灣省教育廳合作,協助全省各中等學校改進國語國文教學,尤注意偏遠地區之需要,數十年持續努力。一九五三年八月,青年寫作協會成立,先生為發起人之一。一九五五年七月任師範學院教授,主講新聞文學。一九五五年九月,先生利用文協會址,舉行小說寫作研究講座,為「小說創作研究組」之延續及深化,共二十二個月。一九五七年,現代詩及現代畫爭議擴大,作品所受猜忌甚深。先生建議由文協出面舉行座談,邀請現代詩人現代畫家出面解釋現代文藝思潮及美學思想。先生主持座談,會後以文協名義將會議紀錄送黨政中樞部門參考,詩人畫家處境因之改善不少。一九六五年起擔任軍中文藝輔導委員會副主任委員,多次協同知名作家上山下海,深入軍中訪問講學,鼓勵軍中對文藝作品之創作欣賞,擴大軍中作家交遊範圍。年年擔任軍中文藝獎評審,協助軍中作家層樓更上,二十年從無倦容。一九六九年,台灣電視機日漸普遍,孩子看電視的時間超過閱讀時間,先生為補偏救弊,由中國語文學會每年舉辦新時代兒童創作展覽,參展作品以圖畫和作文共同呈現內容,看圖作文或看文作圖,使學童出入於圖像思考及語文思考之間,相輔相成。每年參加人數眾多,場地年年擴大,深得教育界稱道。先生後期治學範圍偏重文字學,窮本溯源,通盤整理文字結構,有獨到見解。著有定位分部檢字法,國字科學化研究,國字基本結構研究,六書精蘊新探,欣然忘食,不傍門戶。先生深感現代文藝事業之發展需要財力,勸說張道藩先生在“中央”提案,要求“政府”支持成立文藝基金會。一九六五年九月,中山學術文化基金會成立,先生奔走運作,為實際上之出力人。一九八一年夫人謝世,一九八六年先生患老年癡呆症赴美與子女同住,一九九九年一月八日在紐約上州寓所逝世,享年八十六歲。 (王鼎鈞彙編)
趙友培著作目錄 種地(散文) 1933出版三民主義文藝創作論(論述) 正中書局1946出版偉大的中華(論述)文藝創作社1952出版文藝書簡(論述)重光文藝1952出版答文藝愛好者(論述)重光文藝1952出版鑰匙字研究(論述)中華文化1955出版海與天(散文) 中國文藝協會1961出版藝術精神(論述)重光文藝1963出版國語文輔導記(散文)中國語文1964出版文藝論衡(論述)台灣商務印書館1966出版 兒童辭典 .益智書局1968出版 修辭學(論述)1969出版 新聞文學(論述)1969出版 釋「吉」(論述)1981出版為革新國語文教育而努力(論述) 中國語文1969出版文化與人心(論述)重光文藝1970出版定位分部檢字法.中國語文1973出版國字科學化研究(論述)中國語文1974出版文壇先進張道公(傳記)重光文藝1975出版中國近百年來文學(論述)教育部1976出版潔民夫人追思錄(傳記)中國語文1980出版趙友培自選集 黎明文化1981出版國字基本結構研究(論述)中國語文1982出版六書精蘊新探(論述)中國語文1985出版思想與語文(論述)中國語文1985出版 (王鼎鈞彙編)
......後記:滕六,雪神名。幽怪錄:「令膝六
降雪,巽二起風。」此間大雪盈尺,朔風
吹積,動輒滿階。而梨花冷馨,常在茅舍。
因作詩以祭之。詞曰:
嗟,
來食,
尚饗!
1970 年1月 19日作於New Jersey
5 月3日再改
6月 7日又讀
11 月30日又改
1999 年9月 17日又讀並打字
純文學月刊 1971年2月號刊出
--
(p.s., 此文作於一九八一年,人還在 New Jersey 的時候。)
----
修正稿:《飄著細雪的下午》: quod erat faciendum (2007。2015)
http://hcbooks.blogspot.tw/2007/08/quod-erat-faciendum.html
hc 07年8月底的剪貼
以下是我從出版社找的資料供您參考:
http://www.chiuko.com.tw/book.php?book=detail&bookID=1904
*
quod erat faciendum (KWAWD eh-RAHT FAH-kee-END-um) “That which was to have been shown.” Abbreviated QEF, it was traditionally used to mark the end of a ...
abbr.
1. =quod erat faciendum (=which was to be done) 【拉】這就是所要做的
There is another Latin phrase, with a slightly different meaning, but a similar, if less common usage. Quod erat faciendum is translated as "which was to be done." This is usually shortened to Q.E.F.. As with Q.E.D., Q.E.F. is a translation of the Greek geometers' closing ὅπερ ἔδει ποιῆσαι (hoper edei poiēsai). Euclid used this phrase to close propositions which were not precisely "proofs", but rather examplar constructions. The distinction between Q.E.D. and Q.E.F. is roughly equivalent to the distinction between a proof and an illustration of the proof.
飄著細雪的下午 --雖然學的是理工,但難掩創作才華,趙民德便是這樣的作家。名作家王鼎鈞讚譽:「詩的精緻,劇的張力,散文的鋪陳,奠定趙民德業餘小說家的地位。」並稱頌:「六十年代的鬱悶拘謹,內在燃燒,趙民德先生借著刻畫小說人物,留下許多珍貴的記述。他能用流麗的語風驅走沉... (詳全文)
個人履歷
人物生平
成就及榮譽
個人作品
個人其它信息
社會評價
趙友培著作目錄個人履歷 趙友培先生事略先生於民國二年十二月初一日生於今江蘇省揚中市,其地四面環江,為一沙洲。六歲入鄉村私塾,整日閉坐,如小鳥在籠,塾師但令背誦,功課枯燥生硬。先生不感興趣,常乘隙逃學,家長發覺,痛加鞭笞,但家中亦因而自設學塾,延聘名師,改善教導,先坐學業大進。
人物生平十九年秋,先生負笈上海,入正風文學院中國文學系。畢業後以績優留院任助教,繼受聘為治中女中及金科女中國文教師。二十五年春回籍,任揚中民報社社長。抗戰軍興,南京淪陷,先生約集青年志士扁舟北上,抵淮陰,轉徐州,赴武漢,投筆從戎。二十七年七月,三民主義青年團成立,先生入中央團部宣傳處服務,參加保衛大武漢之役。二十八年五月,先生在重慶策畫舉辦青年運動週,以「五四」為青年節,集合青年團員於夫子池舉行大會。敵機肆虐轟炸,幸指揮得宜。同年冬調復興關黨政訓練團黨政班第五期受訓,結業後轉任重慶市社會局視導,創辦市民周報,兼發行人。調任重慶市立圖書館館長,市立民眾教育館館長,在此期間寫成<三民主義文藝創作論>一書,其後由正中書局出版。編輯本段成就及榮譽三十一年秋受任中央政治學校訓導,次年兼任副教授。暑假後應張道藩先生之邀,任中央文化運動委員會秘書兼<文藝先鋒>月刊主編。三十三年冬,日軍進攻黔南,陪都震動,中央成立戰時服務督導團,先生調駐貴陽,協助張督導長救助自桂林撤退之文化界人士,並支應湘黔築昆各線團隊工作,次年四月完成任務。
個人作品抗戰勝利初期,隨道藩先生飛京,任中央文運會南京市文化特派員,並赴上海部署工作。次年五月一日至七日,配合還都盛典,舉辦文藝運\動週,首次訂「五四」為文藝節。三十七年春,膺選制憲國民大會代表。國民政府行憲,當選行憲國民大會代表。一九四九年四月到台灣,五月任台灣師範學院副教授,主講修辭學。一九五O年五月四日“中國文藝協會”成立,先生為主要發起人,多屆連任常務理事,推動青年文藝教育,培育戰後台灣文藝人才,並參與張道藩先生主持之“中華文藝獎金委員會”,鼓勵寫作風氣。
個人其它信息先生鑑於文藝創作貴創新,創新的希望在青年,一九五O年八月,得張道藩先生支持,與陳紀瀅合辦暑期“青年文藝研習會”,為台灣光復後第一次青年文藝教育集體活動。一九五一年三月,與王夢鷗李辰冬合辦小說創作研究組,為台灣光復後第一次完整而深入的青年文藝訓練。先生無私無我,耕耘播種,產生深遠的影響,其教學方式對台灣的文藝教育產生示範作用。
社會評價以後多年,先生不斷應邀到學校軍中各種夏令營演講,與青年作者討論作品,受惠者無數。在此朝間出版文藝書簡、答文藝愛好者、文藝論衡等書,由淺入深,執簡馭繁,循循善誘,備見苦心。一九五二年四月,先生髮行中國語文月刊,創辦中國語文學會,結合教授學者與教育工作者鼓吹語文並重,提高國語文水準,為文學厚植根基。與台灣省教育廳合作,協助全省各中等學校改進國語國文教學,尤注意偏遠地區之需要,數十年持續努力。一九五三年八月,青年寫作協會成立,先生為發起人之一。一九五五年七月任師範學院教授,主講新聞文學。一九五五年九月,先生利用文協會址,舉行小說寫作研究講座,為「小說創作研究組」之延續及深化,共二十二個月。一九五七年,現代詩及現代畫爭議擴大,作品所受猜忌甚深。先生建議由文協出面舉行座談,邀請現代詩人現代畫家出面解釋現代文藝思潮及美學思想。先生主持座談,會後以文協名義將會議紀錄送黨政中樞部門參考,詩人畫家處境因之改善不少。一九六五年起擔任軍中文藝輔導委員會副主任委員,多次協同知名作家上山下海,深入軍中訪問講學,鼓勵軍中對文藝作品之創作欣賞,擴大軍中作家交遊範圍。年年擔任軍中文藝獎評審,協助軍中作家層樓更上,二十年從無倦容。一九六九年,台灣電視機日漸普遍,孩子看電視的時間超過閱讀時間,先生為補偏救弊,由中國語文學會每年舉辦新時代兒童創作展覽,參展作品以圖畫和作文共同呈現內容,看圖作文或看文作圖,使學童出入於圖像思考及語文思考之間,相輔相成。每年參加人數眾多,場地年年擴大,深得教育界稱道。先生後期治學範圍偏重文字學,窮本溯源,通盤整理文字結構,有獨到見解。著有定位分部檢字法,國字科學化研究,國字基本結構研究,六書精蘊新探,欣然忘食,不傍門戶。先生深感現代文藝事業之發展需要財力,勸說張道藩先生在“中央”提案,要求“政府”支持成立文藝基金會。一九六五年九月,中山學術文化基金會成立,先生奔走運作,為實際上之出力人。一九八一年夫人謝世,一九八六年先生患老年癡呆症赴美與子女同住,一九九九年一月八日在紐約上州寓所逝世,享年八十六歲。 (王鼎鈞彙編)
趙友培著作目錄 種地(散文) 1933出版三民主義文藝創作論(論述) 正中書局1946出版偉大的中華(論述)文藝創作社1952出版文藝書簡(論述)重光文藝1952出版答文藝愛好者(論述)重光文藝1952出版鑰匙字研究(論述)中華文化1955出版海與天(散文) 中國文藝協會1961出版藝術精神(論述)重光文藝1963出版國語文輔導記(散文)中國語文1964出版文藝論衡(論述)台灣商務印書館1966出版 兒童辭典 .益智書局1968出版 修辭學(論述)1969出版 新聞文學(論述)1969出版 釋「吉」(論述)1981出版為革新國語文教育而努力(論述) 中國語文1969出版文化與人心(論述)重光文藝1970出版定位分部檢字法.中國語文1973出版國字科學化研究(論述)中國語文1974出版文壇先進張道公(傳記)重光文藝1975出版中國近百年來文學(論述)教育部1976出版潔民夫人追思錄(傳記)中國語文1980出版趙友培自選集 黎明文化1981出版國字基本結構研究(論述)中國語文1982出版六書精蘊新探(論述)中國語文1985出版思想與語文(論述)中國語文1985出版 (王鼎鈞彙編)
......後記:滕六,雪神名。幽怪錄:「令膝六
降雪,巽二起風。」此間大雪盈尺,朔風
吹積,動輒滿階。而梨花冷馨,常在茅舍。
因作詩以祭之。詞曰:
嗟,
來食,
尚饗!
1970 年1月 19日作於New Jersey
5 月3日再改
6月 7日又讀
11 月30日又改
1999 年9月 17日又讀並打字
純文學月刊 1971年2月號刊出
--
趙民德老師: 把春波都釀作一江春酎
請進 趙民德老師 趙家酒店http://www.jds-online.com/blog/把春波都釀作一江春酎(p.s., 此文作於一九八一年,人還在 New Jersey 的時候。)
----
修正稿:《飄著細雪的下午》: quod erat faciendum (2007。2015)
http://hcbooks.blogspot.tw/2007/08/quod-erat-faciendum.html
hc 07年8月底的剪貼
飄著細雪的下午(作者:趙民德,台北:九歌,2007) 我是在一個台北飄著細雨的下午巧遇這本書。另一個飄著細雨的下午去師大路買書。因為去台大的路亮起紅燈,我就往師大方向走。 ***** 趙民德先生的「飄著細雪的下午」,採拉丁文當副標題,其技術意義詳本文末的注解*。 其中文章「飄著細雪的下午」乃是紀念作者父親的文章。我中學時代有幸知道那輩的反共文藝先鋒,所以真是幸會。這篇至文我讀來感動,而且覺得文如其人。「他的文章一篇一篇的登 他的反共歌曲一首一首的作 」 (約10年前,我在師大停車場將剛出版的{戴明博士四日談}送趙先生,那時候他就這樣的說:「..你他書一本一本的出」) ***** 以前以為一代或一輩是二十五年 最近才知道古希伯來等一輩是四十年 這本趙先生的"青春戀曲"有許多"舊台灣或台北"的image 譬如說他們舞會或彌沙之後送女朋友回家 搭的是"三輪車" 那時候台北最高的大樓也只十來層的國賓飯店 請看2006年作者的 江湖小隱Tuesday, June 6th, 2006遠來誰是客 *****未老莫還鄉 江湖小隱處 煙水兩茫茫 在蘇州的十一樓上,看盡的是江南的煙雨、流水小橋。 仍然是遊人只合江南老。 他的主文"三部曲" 末曲寫於1999 我倒是喜歡他晚年的文筆有情 ***** 我今天接到趙先生發自蘇州的信,說我的信是亂碼,希望用檔案給他。 我用英文建議民德兄,希望他的部落(格)【趙民德老師趙家酒店http://www.jds-online.com/blog/】多登些本書類型的文章。 |
http://www.chiuko.com.tw/book.php?book=detail&bookID=1904
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飄著細雪的下午 | |
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quod erat faciendum (KWAWD eh-RAHT FAH-kee-END-um) “That which was to have been shown.” Abbreviated QEF, it was traditionally used to mark the end of a ...
abbr.
1. =quod erat faciendum (=which was to be done) 【拉】這就是所要做的
There is another Latin phrase, with a slightly different meaning, but a similar, if less common usage. Quod erat faciendum is translated as "which was to be done." This is usually shortened to Q.E.F.. As with Q.E.D., Q.E.F. is a translation of the Greek geometers' closing ὅπερ ἔδει ποιῆσαι (hoper edei poiēsai). Euclid used this phrase to close propositions which were not precisely "proofs", but rather examplar constructions. The distinction between Q.E.D. and Q.E.F. is roughly equivalent to the distinction between a proof and an illustration of the proof.
飄著細雪的下午 --雖然學的是理工,但難掩創作才華,趙民德便是這樣的作家。名作家王鼎鈞讚譽:「詩的精緻,劇的張力,散文的鋪陳,奠定趙民德業餘小說家的地位。」並稱頌:「六十年代的鬱悶拘謹,內在燃燒,趙民德先生借著刻畫小說人物,留下許多珍貴的記述。他能用流麗的語風驅走沉... (詳全文)
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金克木:《怎樣讀漢譯佛典》;評徐梵澄譯《五十奧義書》
《怎樣讀漢譯佛典》
- 出版社:生活‧讀書‧新知三聯書店
- 出版日期:2017
金克木(1912—2000),字止默,曾用筆名辛竹、維谷、演慧、安琪等。安徽壽縣人。著名學者、詩人、翻譯家。1930年赴北平求學,1933年開始發表詩歌、散文、翻譯等,是三十年代新詩壇的重要一員。1935年到北京大學圖書館工作;七七事變后離開北平南下,輾轉於武漢、長沙、香港、重慶、昆明等地,在報館編寫新聞,在中學、大學教授外語。1941年經緬甸到印度加爾各答,任《印度日報》編輯;1943年到貝拿勒斯鹿野苑隨印度大學者憍賞彌老人讀梵文、巴利文,學習、研究印度哲學。1946年回國,任武漢大學哲學系教授,教梵文及印度哲學史。1948年起任北京大學東方語言文學系教授,教梵文、巴利文、印地語、烏爾都語等。教學同時,發表多部作品,包括學術著作、散文、雜文、詩歌、小說、翻譯等。歷任第三屆至第七屆全國政協委員,九三學社第五屆至第七屆常委,宣傳部部長。
金克木先生精通梵語、巴利語、印地語、烏爾都語、世界語、英語、法語,懂德語、拉丁語等多種外國語言文字。學術研究涉及諸多領域,除了在梵語文學和印度文化研究上成績卓著外,在國學、中外文化交流史、佛學、美學、比較文學、翻譯等方面也頗有建樹。
怎樣讀漢譯佛典
略介鳩摩羅什兼談文體
文 |金克木
(原載《讀書》1986年第2期)
中國佛教典籍的豐富在全世界當可算第一。我曾就其中的漢譯文獻部分寫過兩篇文章略作說明。但漢譯佛典數量龐大,一般人不知從何讀起。讀書先要定目的。若從文化發展著眼,不是專門研究而只是想直接從漢譯佛典了解中國漢族佛教的一些要領和印度佛教的一斑,有沒有比較方便的途徑?本文提出一點意見以供參考。
宗教文獻只是宗教的一部分,漢譯佛典又只是中國佛教文獻中漢、藏等語言譯本中的一部分,我們又只能讀其中的一小部分,豈不會以偏概全?對於專門研究者當然要避免這樣,但對於著眼於了解文化的人卻又不同。這些人讀書既要「胸有成竹」,又要「目無全牛」,還要能「小中見大」。考察、了解、研究一種文化以至一種文獻本來有兩種方式。「讀天下書未遍,不敢妄下隻字」,那只是在古代書很少的時候可以說說。如果只有掌握了對象的全部情況才能研究,那麼天文、歷史、人類等都無法研究了。事實上,宇宙或則人類是一大系統,其中又可分層次,又是由各部分組成,最後可以分解為基本粒子之類。科學研究總是割裂進行的,是在原子論和系統論的哲學思想指導下又分析又綜合的。這是一種方式。另有一種方式是我們用得最多而習以為常不覺得可以也是科學方法的。我們從來不可能同時僅由感覺知道一件東西或一個人的全面、全部。一間屋子、一個人,我們看到這面就看不到那面。我們又不是將里裡外外四方八面都考察到瞭然后綜合起來才認識這間房子或則這個人的。但這並不妨礙我們對房子和人的認識。以偏概全固然不可,由偏知全卻是我們天天在做的。打仗要知己知彼,但若要對敵人一切都知道了再綜合起來下結論然後打仗,只怕只能永遠挨打了。何況情況還在不斷變化?許多科學結論所根據的也只是一部分而不是全部,如天文、生物是不可能全部知道的。這樣會有錯誤,因此科學由不斷修正錯誤彌補不足而發展。所以分析一個全體的部分是科學方法,由部分而知全體也是科學方法。不過前一方式已經大大發展,后一方式雖然在我們日常取得知識中應用,卻沒有照前一方式那樣發展,所以我們不以為它是科學方式,不注意科學中也在應用。這種方式我們往往注意結構而忽略程序,注意系統而忽略整體。其實上述兩種方式都有哲學思想指導,都可以用數學表示,都是科學,都可以發現真理,也都可以產生錯誤。讀文獻也可以應用這兩種方式。前一方式是大家熟悉的,現在試試后一方式。
提起中國佛教,首先就碰見了「佛」。無論是和尚或不是和尚,信佛或不信佛,一句「阿彌陀佛」是誰都知道的。一直到小說、戲曲和電影、電視劇中都會出現。阿彌陀佛遠比釋迦牟尼佛的名聲大。其次,「菩薩」是最普遍為人知道的。觀世音菩薩或則觀音是最有名的菩薩。通俗文學如《西遊記》等小說、戲曲都為觀音作了大量宣傳。傳說他(或她)定居在浙江的普陀山。觀世音和大勢至是阿彌陀佛塑像左右的兩位菩薩「侍者」。再其次,特別是在知識分子中,「禪」是最流行的佛教用語。《紅樓夢》里賈寶玉就談過禪。「口頭禪」、「野狐禪」、「參禪」之類成了流行語。許多大廟裡有「禪堂」。匾額上的「禪」字早已簡化了。右邊的「單」字本來上面是兩個「口」字,但不能寫「口」,只能點兩點,因為「參禪」「打坐」是不能開口說話的。可是另一種「禪」卻又相反,專用口頭語言講怪話,說是「禪機」。這個「禪」字本來是「禪讓」、「封禪」,讀音不同,後來成了佛教的「禪」,是個譯音的外來語。「禪」如此通行,究竟是怎麼來的,本是什麼樣的?再有,不是和尚的佛教徒稱為「居士」。在古代中國知識分子中有一位印度居士名氣很大。唐朝著名詩人王維,號叫摩詰。「維摩詰」就是這位印度居士的名字,中國這位詩人用來作自己的名號。「病維摩」和「天女散花」是很著名的典故。這又是從哪裡來的?
我們追溯一下這一座佛、一尊菩薩、一位居士、一個術語的文獻來源,就可發現這些和中國最流行的幾個佛教宗派大有關係。阿彌陀佛(意譯是無量壽佛或無量光佛)出於《阿彌陀經》。這是凈土宗的主要經典。觀世音菩薩出於《妙法蓮華經》(簡稱《法華經》)。這是天台宗的主要經典,也是讀的人最多的一部長篇佛經。禪宗幾乎是同凈土宗相等的中國佛教大宗派。這一派的主要經典是《金剛經》,同時還有一些講「禪定」修行法門的經典。至於那位著名的居士維摩詰則出於《維摩詰所說經》(簡稱《維摩詰經》)。這是許多不出家當和尚的知識分子最喜歡讀的佛經。
這四部最流行的佛經的譯者竟是一個人,鳩摩羅什(公元三四四——四一三年)。
鳩摩羅什(意譯是「童壽」)的父親是印度人,母親是當時龜茲國的公主。龜茲國在今天新疆的庫車一帶,漢時就屬於中國所謂西域,統治者曾由漢朝廷封王並和漢王室聯姻。因此鳩摩羅什是兼有中印雙方血統的人,不過不屬漢族。他幼年時曾回到當時印度西北方現在的克什米爾一帶求學。在公元前後幾百年間,這個地區,現在的印度、巴基斯坦、阿富汗、蘇聯、中國邊界鄰近一帶,曾經是古印度文化的一個發達中心。公元後,受希臘影響的佛教犍陀羅雕塑藝術在這裡繁榮。佛教文化從理論到實踐也在這裡的貴霜王國(大月氏人)中大有發展。這個王國在二世紀時統治了從中亞直到印度次大陸的中部,在古代印度文化史中佔有重要地位。鳩摩羅什當四世紀時在這裡學習以後回到中國。他七歲從母出家,九歲隨母到印度,十二歲隨母離印度回中國,又在沙勒(現在新疆的疏附、疏勒)學習。她母親再去印度時他自願留下。這時氐族的苻堅建立前秦,勢力強大,南打東晉(淝水之戰),西滅龜茲,要延請鳩摩羅什東來。羌族的姚萇、姚興滅前秦,建後秦,打敗後涼,將鳩摩羅什迎到了長安。這是公元四零二年。從此他開始了講學和翻譯的時期。他公元四一三年去世,七十歲。他在長安工作不過十二年,卻譯了七十四部佛典,共三百八十四卷。因為他名氣很大,有少數書是失去譯者名字掛在他的名下的。有些經典前後有幾個譯本,他的譯本最為流行。
新疆克孜爾千佛洞前的鳩摩羅什銅像
鳩摩羅什不但自己通曉印度古文(梵文)、漢文和中亞語,具有廣博的學識,從事翻譯,而且組成了一個學術集團。他有著名的道生、僧肇、僧叡、僧融四大弟子。他建立的譯場組織中參加者據說有時達到幾百人之多。
中國和古代印度的佛教形式下的文化交往,即使從東漢算起,到這時已有四百年之久。海上及西南通道不算,單是西北的「絲綢之路」上已是交通頻繁,文化接觸密切。翻譯佛典已有初步成績,五世紀初正好達到了一個需要並可能總結並發展的階段。鳩摩羅什在此時此地成為中國佛教開始大發展時期最有貢獻的人物並非偶然。
在中國和印度的整個文化史上,四、五世紀(中國南北朝,印度笈多王朝)是一個關鍵時期。在佛教方面也同樣。鳩摩羅什的翻譯工作同時是總結和傳播兩國當時的文化。他和他所領導下的集團或學派是研究文化史的人不可不注意的。
單就翻譯本身說,唐朝的玄奘勝過了鳩摩羅什。前面提到的《阿彌陀經》、《金剛經》、《維摩詰所說經》都有玄奘的新譯,改名為《稱讚凈土佛攝受經》、《大般若經·第九會》(或獨立成書),《談無垢稱經》(無垢稱是維摩詰的意譯)。可是奘譯未能取代什譯。一直流行下來的仍然是鳩摩羅什的譯本。《妙法蓮華經》有較早的西晉另一譯本《正法華經》,也不通行。這種情況主要應從文化發展歷史來作解說,不能只論譯本優劣。
西安大雁塔前的玄奘塑像
鳩摩羅什是了解他當時印度佛教文獻情況作有系統的翻譯的。一個人不能超越時代。在他以後才發展起來成為「顯學」的文獻他不可能見到。這由唐朝的玄奘和不空補上了。再以後的發展,在漢譯中不全,又由藏譯補上了。所以中國的佛教翻譯文獻比較全面反映了佛教文獻的發展。加上向斯里蘭卡、緬甸、泰國等地流傳的巴利語佛典,再加上已發現的許多原本和其他語言譯本,可以大致包括古印度佛教文獻發展的全部。讀鳩摩羅什的翻譯可以知道他所學習的當時佛典的大略。若用「小中見大」的方式可以從讀他譯的那四部在中國最流行的佛經入手。
若要從這四部書再進一步,可以續讀鳩摩羅什所譯的另幾部重要的書。一是《彌勒下生經》和《彌勒成佛經》。彌勒是未來佛,好象猶太人宣傳的彌賽亞和公元初基督教的基督(救世主),南北朝時曾在民間很有勢力,後來又成為玄奘所譯一些重要哲學典籍的作者之名。二是《十誦律》。當時印度西北最有勢力的佛教宗派是「一切有部」。這是他們的戒律。不過這不全是鳩摩羅什一人所譯。若想略知佛教僧團(僧)組織和生活戒律的梗概,可以先略讀此書。三是《大莊嚴論經》和《雜譬喻經》。這是宣傳佛教的故事集。前者署名是古印度大詩人馬鳴,實是一個集子。四是幾部重要的哲學著作,最著名的是《中論》、《百論》、《十二門論》。這些產生了所謂「三論宗」。這些書比較難讀,需要有現代解說。同類的還有《成實論》,曾產生了所謂「成實宗」。《大智度論》和大小兩部《般若波羅密經》,前者是後者的註解,有一百卷。
《金剛般若波羅密經》(明早中期刊本)
鳩摩羅什譯的講修「禪」的書有:《坐禪三昧經》、《禪秘要法經》、《禪法要解》。他的門徒道生是主張「一切眾生皆有佛性」和「頓悟」並且能「說法」使「頑石點頭」的人,實際上開創了禪宗中「頓」派的先聲。鳩摩羅什譯的是正規的禪法,是所謂「漸」派的。他大講「般若」,講「空」。門徒僧肇建立一個哲學體系,著有《肇論》。他譯《阿彌陀經》,和廬山創立「蓮社」的凈土宗祖師慧遠通信。由此可見鳩摩羅什是個不拘宗派門戶之見而胸有佛教大系統的人。由此也可探尋佛教的所謂宗派和哲學體系究竟是怎麼回事。最好是先明事實,再作評價。
鳩摩羅什還譯了佛教學者馬鳴、龍樹、提婆(聖天)的傳記,其中傳說多於事實。這三人是大約公元前後時期的重要人物,在文學、哲學領域很有貢獻,當然都和宗教宣傳有關。這種傳記不是經典,未必是鳩摩羅什照原文忠實翻譯的;但印度文風猶在,讀起來也比較容易。鳩摩羅什介紹的可以說主要是龍樹、聖天學派。
要講到究竟怎樣讀這種譯文,那就不能不略說對翻譯的看法。從文化觀點說,翻譯是兩種文化在文獻中以語言交鋒的前沿陣地。巴利語佛經傳到幾國都沒有翻譯,二次大戰後才有譯本。只有傳到中國的立即有漢文、藏文等譯本。為什麼要翻譯?為什麼能翻譯?怎樣一步步發展了翻譯?這不是僅僅語音(譯音)、語法、辭彙的改變代碼的問題,也不僅是內容的問題,其中還有個文體(包括文風)的問題。語言各要素都是在文體中才顯現出來的。文體的發展是和文化發展密切有關的。鳩摩羅什不僅通曉梵、漢語言,還了解當時雙方文體的秘密,因此水到渠成,由他和他的門徒發展了漢語中書面語言的一種文體,起了很長遠的影響。
前面提到的四部經,三部都已發現原本。《維摩詰所說經》雖尚未見原本,但有玄奘的另譯,可見並非杜撰。現在發現的這幾種原本不一定是鳩摩羅什翻譯的底本。因為當時書籍只有傳抄和背誦,所以傳寫本不會沒有歧異。例如「觀世音」或「觀音」就被玄奘改譯為「現自在」。兩個原詞音別不大,意義卻不同,好象是鳩摩羅什弄錯了,將原詞看漏了一個小點子,或重複了兩個音;但仍不能排除他也有根據,據說中亞寫本中也有他這樣提法。即使只以發現的原本和鳩摩羅什譯本對照,檢查其忠實程度,也可以說,比起嚴復譯《天演論》和林紓譯《茶花女遺事》,鳩摩羅什對於他認為神聖的經典真是忠實得多了。因此我們可以將譯本比對原文。若將原文和譯文各自放在梵文學和漢文學中去比較雙方讀者的感受,可以說,譯文的地位超過原文。印度人讀來,《金剛經》、《阿彌陀經》從語文角度說,在梵文學中算不了優秀作品。《妙法蓮華經》的原文不是正規的高級梵語,類似文白夾雜的雅俗糅合的語言。佛教文獻中有很好的梵語文學作品,例如馬鳴的《佛所行贊》,漢譯(譯者不是鳩摩羅什)卻趕不上。鳩摩羅什的譯文既傳達了異國情調,又發揮了原作精神,在漢文學中也不算次品。《阿彌陀經》描寫「極樂世界」(原文只是「幸福之地」),《法華經·普門品》誇張觀世音的救苦救難,《金剛經》中的對話,《維摩詰經》中的戲劇性描述和理論爭辯,在當時的人讀來恐怕不亞於清末民初的人讀嚴譯和林譯。
2016年於內蒙古發現的元代《維摩詰所說經》
若將原文和譯文都放在翻譯當時的中國作比較,則讀起來有異曲同工之妙。梵語無論詩文都是可以吟唱的(音的長短彷彿平仄),正和漢語古詩文一樣。原文是「佛說」的經典,又沒有別的梵文學作品相比,中國人讀來,聽來,梵漢兩種本子都會鏗鏘悅耳。儘管譯文還有點不順,不雅,但稍稍熟悉以後便能欣賞,可以在漢語文學中佔有相當的位置。鳩摩羅什在這方面已達到了當時的高峰,還有缺點,到玄奘才以唐初的文體補上了。可是奘譯終於沒有代替什譯。玄奘所介紹的印度佛教理論經他的弟子窺基等人傳了一代就斷絕了。他的講義流落日本,到清朝末年才為楊仁山(文會)取回,設金陵刻經處印出流通,「法相、唯識」這一學派才得以復興。由此可見翻譯起作用不僅繫於文辭。新從原文譯出的《茶花女》小說敵不過林紓的文言轉譯的作用大,也是這樣。但是又不能說與文辭無關。什譯和林譯在各自當時是結合傳統而新開一面的。奘譯雖然更忠實優美,但並非新創,只在已經確立併流行的文體中略有改進,從文辭說,自然也就比不上舊譯起的作用大了。
現在可以略略考察鳩摩羅什的翻譯怎麼將印度傳統文體在漢文傳統文體上「接枝」的。為免冗長,不能徵引,只好簡單說點意見。那就是:發現雙方的同點而用同點去帶出異點,於是出現了既舊又新的文體,將文體向前發展一步。這時譯文本身不過起步上坡,未必達到高峰,但其影響就促進了更高的發展。若是內容能為當時群眾所能利用以應自己的需要,能加以自己的解說而接受,那麼傳達內容的文體形式就能發揮其作用。
阿彌陀佛只要人念他的名號即可往生西方「極樂世界」。觀世音菩薩能聞聲救苦,念他的名號就能水火不傷,超脫苦難。維摩詰居士不必出家當和尚即可「現身說法」,無論上中下人等都可以作為維摩詰的形象。《金剛經》只要傳誦「一偈」就有「無量功德」。這些自然是最簡單的宗教利益。由此產生信仰。既信了,道理不懂也算懂了。而且越不懂越好。更加深奧也就是更加神秘和神聖。因此,大量的術語和不尋常的說法與內容有關,可以不必細究。當時人聽得熟了,現在人若不是為研究,大體可照字面讀過,習慣了就行。
文體在梵漢雙方有什麼共同點,由此能夠以熟悉的形式帶出不熟悉的內容?我想那就是從戰國起到漢魏晉盛行的對話文體、駢偶音調、排比誇張手法。三者合起來大概是由楚國興起而在齊、秦發展的戲曲性的賦體。這也正是梵文通行的文體,也是佛經文體。詩文並用不過是其表現格式,這也是雙方共有的,如《楚辭》。再換句話說:固定程序的格式,神奇荒誕的內容,排比誇張的描寫,節奏鏗鏘的音調,四者是當時雙方文體同有的特點,一結合便能雅俗共賞。例如:楚國宋玉的《高唐賦》,西漢司馬相如的《子虛賦》,東漢枚乘的《七發》,魏曹植的《洛神賦》,不都是這樣的文體嗎?這類文章都有人物、對話、場景、鋪排,可以說是一種代言式的戲曲體。駢偶為的是好吟誦,重複為的是加強傳達信息的心理效果。
戲曲意味濃厚的如《維摩詰經》。很難懂的內容裝在很幽默的故事格式之中,又出現為重複、排比、鋪張、有節奏的文體,這正投合了當時文士的胃口。「如是我聞:」一個有道德、有學問、有財富、有「神通」的在家「居士」叫做維摩詰(意譯「無垢稱」即「聲名毫無污點」),忽然說是有病了。佛便派弟子去問候。十幾個大弟子都推辭,各說自己在維摩詰面前碰過釘子,自知不能跟他對話,「是故不任詣彼問疾」。佛便指派文殊師利前去。這位文殊菩薩去問病時,眾弟子也隨去旁聽。於是展開了一場深奧的對話。談到高峰時出現了一位天女,撒下花雨,竟也藉此對佛弟子說法。這樣抬高在家人,貶低出家人,讓菩薩去問居士的病,無疑是使世俗人大為開心的佛教故事,無怪乎曾經流傳為「變」,有畫,有詩,俗人既喜歡,文人更欣賞。這位文殊菩薩定居在山西五台山。他騎獅子,和騎白象的普賢(定居在四川峨眉山)是在釋迦佛(或毗盧遮那佛,即大日如來)塑像的左右兩位侍者。
《維摩詰所說經》(光緒丁酉[1897]天台山真覺寺藏板)
有說有唱的文體是戲曲表演中的可配樂舞的台詞。漢文學中很早就有,不過傳下來的書面記錄常不完全。印度的「戲」字從「舞」字而來。最早的公元初期的總結戲曲的書叫《舞論》,論音樂、舞姿、台詞、舞台,卻沒有講劇本格式。《史記·滑稽列傳》中關於優孟和孫叔敖的兒子和楚王的故事是比較完整的戲,是司馬遷根據楚國的傳說寫下來的,唱、白和表演俱全,彷彿是小說形式的戲曲底本。楚國的巫的表演早就發達。《九歌》、《九章》、《九辯》的「九」,直到枚乘等的《七發》等文的「七」,指出重疊的格式,好象固定的戲曲「折」數。許多詩文可能本來是兼歌舞表演而後來獨存歌詞時要吟唱的,失去樂舞配備,還留下體例。《楚辭注》說:「辯者,變也。」對白的「辯」發展成為表演的「變」,畫為「變相」,詞為「變文」。這種情況也和古印度相仿。(印度電影至今仍不離歌舞。)中國和印度的戲曲起源不論有多少種說法,戲曲性的兼具樂、舞、唱、白的表演活動與文體的發展是明顯有關的。已經是長篇論文集的《荀子》里還有可以演唱的韻文《成相篇》。《論語》、《孟子》中有戲曲形式的寫法。對話體和歌訣體(爻辭、銘、箴等)的流行,中國和印度一樣,而印度更多。這大概是印度佛典傳入中國后,從文體上說,翻譯「接枝」能開花結果,為上下各色人等所接受的原因。沒有老根,接枝是接不上的。沒有相宜的土壤,插苗也不長。移植條件不足的,勉強生長也很費力。(也許現代新詩和話劇有點象這樣。)中國的印刷術在唐、五代便開始了,但對印度毫無影響。因為他們還在以口傳為主,抄寫文獻並無普及的需要,也很少可能。他們用拼音文字,方音不同,字體不一,通行的文言只在少數人的各自「行幫」(教派之類)中流通。印刷普及文化的前提是統一。秦統一天下才能「書同文」,到唐代才感到抄寫的不夠應付需要。古印度缺少同樣條件,到近代才發展印刷。可見文化交流不會是無條件的。
流行的漢譯佛典除咒語外並不十分難懂。恐怕阻礙閱讀的是那無數的重複與鋪排。若能不倦,對內容又只要略知而不深究,那麼,需要熟悉的是漢語的古代文體。這比關於印度的知識更為重要。現代很多關於古代印度文化的說法來自歐洲十九世紀,沿襲下來,許多新的探究尚未普及。讀漢譯佛典,可以直接從文獻中了解情況。
中國和印度的古書同樣是一連串寫下來,不分詞,不分段,最多只有句逗的。由此,文體的格式、節奏、語氣虛詞等在梵、漢古文中都同樣是幫助理解的要素,是有法則的。(梵文拼音,不能講對仗。)這一點不能要求今天的讀者熟悉,因此需要改裝,現代化。不但要標點分段,而且要重新排列。例如戲曲式的編訂,將說、唱、對話等等分列。這樣一來,古書會容易讀得多。要注意語氣和調子,不必拘泥於歐式語法,不需很多註釋。中國古籍應有適合中國的整理法。
為什麼要讀一點漢譯佛典?可以有各種原因和目的。以上所說只是為了一點:我們今天需要了解中外文化和古今文化的接觸時的情況。探古為的是解今。因此需要有另一種讀法。從鳩摩羅什的翻譯讀起,尤其是從那四部曾經廣泛流行的書入手,也許是可行的。可以就此止步,也可以由此前進。為別的目的,自然要有別的讀法。
《談談漢譯佛教文獻》見《印度文化論集》,《關於漢譯佛教文獻的編目、分類和解題》見《比較文化論集》
*****原文網址:https://read01.com/xxokK.html
金克木:評徐梵澄譯《五十奧義書》
世界上古文化中頭等重要的典籍之一的《奧義書》譯成漢文出版,而且有五十種之多,這是一件值得注意的事。尤其重要的意義是,它在當前亞洲的一個大國印度的文化哲學思想中還占有無可比擬的崇高位置,而且對世界仍有影響;由此又可以改變我們一般習慣以為印度是佛教國家的很大誤解。這些經典會使我們聯想到中國的道家,驚異「何其相似乃爾。」①
譯者徐梵澄同志早年研究德國哲學,由德回國後又在四十年代去印度研究印度哲學,在印曾翻譯印度古典。七十年代末回到祖國後,出版了《五十奧義書》和現代印度最有影響的宗教哲學家阿羅頻多的《神聖人生論》兩部巨著譯本。兩書的印數不多,讀者大概也很少,但可能產生的能量卻未必是可以輕易低估的。兩書一古一今,相隔兩千多年,但是一脈相通,其中奧妙總是關心世界文化思想史的人所不應忽略的吧?
算來我讀《奧義書》原本已是四十三年以前的事了。當時印度僅有的幾位佛教比丘之一,迦葉波法師,為斯里蘭卡的來印度鹿野苑的幾位比丘講主要的《奧義書》。他們的共同語言只有巴利語和梵語。兩者都是印度古語,一俗一雅,可以互通。他便用雅語梵文講雅語梵文經典。因為他們都是佛教徒,讀這「外道 」經典只為見識見識,而講解者也只是幼年「讀經」學古文時念過,改信佛教後不再鑽研,所以講得飛快。承他們好意,讓我這個俗家人旁聽,給我留下了難忘的深刻印象。
使我非常驚異的第一點便是我好象忽然回到了幼年,聽兄長和老師給我講《詩經》、《書經》。書上的是本文的第一文言,嘴上的是註疏的第二文言。這樣一講,全成了「語體」,卻又不是日常用的口頭土話而是一種通行語。古典是變不成土話的,只怕在著作當時也是用的「普通話」即通行語,才能傳播開來,流傳下來。我沒想到中國和印度的文化傳統中有這樣大的相似之處。當時又想起讀拉丁文《高盧戰紀》時對凱撒的文體和語言的驚嘆佩服。歐洲的羅馬時期的用語大概也是中國和印度這樣,拉丁文也是這樣。現在的天主教神父不是照舊用拉丁文作通行語也就是「普通話」嗎?
我驚異的第二點是翻譯的不同途徑。我先已看過一點歐洲語言譯的《奧義書》,這時猛然感覺到那些全是一種「改作」,全得不由自主地照歐洲各種語言的各自文化背景理解,所以全是「解說」(詮釋、闡釋、釋義)的產物。這一次聽到了用「通俗」雅語解說書面雅語,也就是用本國語解說本國語,才覺得這也是翻譯,是另一種形式的翻譯,和外國語翻譯全不一樣。那時我又想到佛經的翻譯。那又是另外一種翻譯,是不翻譯的翻譯。例如佛、菩薩、涅、覺、空、色、識、眼識、意識、緣、界、法等等都是原來的詞,不是翻譯語言的詞,其實也類似照原樣用本國語解說本國語。仿佛說「仁者,人也。義者,宜也。」②迦葉波法師偶然也用巴利語和梵語中字同義異的詞或則相等、相似的詞點一下。一點就明,就不需要再多解說了。於是我想當年印度和尚與中國和尚合譯佛經時很可能就是這種情況。假如我在旁邊用漢文一字一字記下他的話,那不就象《大智度論》一類的書嗎?他講書時常自問自答。這種體裁,古代印度註疏用得多,古代中國用得也不少,例如《公羊傳》。
我聽講時想到中國和印度講古書的相似和不同,想到翻譯的通氣和不通氣,當時只是直覺感受。迦葉波法師講得太快,一點思索的空隙都不給人。初聽時簡直茫然,只靠有書本和先知道內容才勉強能跟著跑。等到這種直接感受一來,很快就象兒時聽講中國經書一樣了。老習慣回來了,這便容易了,走上熟路了。於是結果也一樣:說是不懂吧,講的句句都懂得;說是懂了吧,並沒有全懂。只能重複老師的話,不能說出自己的話。自己不會解說,那還是沒有懂。
現在徐梵澄同志用漢語古文體從印度古雅語梵文譯出《奧義書》,又不用佛經舊體,每篇還加《引言》和注,真是不容易。沒有幾十年的功力,沒有對中國、德國、印度的古典語言和哲學切實鑽研體會,那是辦不到的。當年我不過是有點直覺感受,等到略微在大門口張望了一下之後,就以為理想的翻譯,佛教經論似的翻譯,現在不可能,至少是我辦不到。稍稍嘗試一下,也自認翻譯失敗。③因此我對於梵澄同志的功力和毅力只有佩服。
從原文看,翻譯很難,幾乎不可能;但從功能或作用看,翻譯卻又有意想不到的效力。若沒有翻譯,世界各民族各地區以至各時代的文化的交流以及矛盾衝突匯合缺了文獻這個層次,都不可能完全了,作為整體的「世界文化」也沒有高層次了。若是翻譯等於原作,那便沒有正解、曲解、誤解、異解、新解等等,「世界文化」情況又會和現在大不相同了。十九世紀初期,德國哲學家叔本華讀到了從波斯語譯本轉譯的《奧義書》的拉丁文譯本,歡喜讚嘆,在自己的哲學體系里裝進了他所理解並解說的《奧義書》思想,或則不如說是他用自己的哲學解說了《奧義書》。到十九世紀末期,德國又一位研究哲學的多伊生(徐譯為杜森)學習梵文,讀了並譯了《奧義書六十種》,又用康德的哲學思想加以解說。這對歐洲有影響,但還遠不如對印度的影響之大。許多印度人由此知道了,原來印度古代哲學和歐洲近代哲學是可以通氣的。於是又有人作進一步的解說,不僅康德,連黑格爾的哲學思想在印度古代哲學中也被發現出來了。很快,印度人的民族自卑感變成了民族自豪感。從此古代經典變成了現代經典,而且指導了行動,出現了宣揚《奧義書》的詩人兼哲學家泰戈爾,標榜古典又學習古聖人而進行現代群眾運動的政治家甘地。從這裡,我們可以看出翻譯和解說的顯著「效益」吧?
《奧義書》本是叢書之類,實是一種文體之名,多到一百幾十部,甚至近代還有人照寫;但最古的只十幾部,後來的是各教派的著作。好比《孟子》、《荀子》、《公羊傳》、《穀梁傳》、《左傳》、《春秋繁露》、《文中子》、《太極圖說》等書都附於儒家經典那樣,《奧義書》也分配到各《吠陀》經典的傳授系統中去,其實內容並不單純、同一。誇大來講,好比把「老、莊、列」、《肇論》、《周易參同契》也附入儒家。所以既不能當作一家言,也不能當作諸子百家。若說是有統一體系的《奧義書》哲學,那只能算是現代人的一種解說。這一點我想應當先弄清楚,才不至於目迷五色。若把主要的十來部作為一部書,恐怕也和《論語》或《莊子》類似,內容雖可有一貫,但不是完全一致的。
這樣一部千頁大書怎麼讀?那當然因人而異。若是一般人只想「不求甚解」的略知一二,或則「買櫝還珠」,不深究哲學而當成文學欣賞,那也未始不可。書的閱讀是可以分層次的。若是最低層次的閱讀,我想提供一點意見供非專家們參考。
我的建議實在「卑之無甚高論」,不過是幾點,微不足道。一是把文言當白話讀。二是可以跳著讀。古書哪能處處懂?三是揀軟性的讀,莫先啃硬骨頭。四是自己去解說,邊讀邊解,別去找「標準答案」,那是不存在的。讀書不是為應考。讀書「為已,而為人乎哉?」深淺只能由自己,別人是幫不上忙的。譯者的每篇《引言》及注雖有幫助,畢竟不能代替你自己讀解。
不舉例不明。例如全書是照分屬各經排列的,不是必讀的次序。頭兩篇屬一部經。這經最「神聖」,所以列第一;但這兩部書卻不一定是最先要讀的,可以跳過。不過第二篇中有很有趣味的片段可以看看。第42到43頁的兩段講求寶和求愛,是很容易懂的。這有什麼哲學意義呢?譯者在注中作了解說,可以參考,也可以自作「解人」。第48到49頁的兩段:一段說人的生命中各要素互爭優勝,這在其他篇中也有類似說法。一段說父病重時對兒子行的「父子遺囑禮 」。「遺囑禮」行過了,「若其病癒已,則父當居子之治下,或遊方而去。」這一下由「父為子綱」變成「子為父綱」了。這和第544頁的「遺囑」類似而結果略有不同。從哲學思想說,可有一種解說。從人類學的角度說,這又不是印度獨有的。是不是和日本的《山節考》中的拋棄老人故事也可以聯繫一下呢?
又例如最著名也最重要的幾篇之一的長篇《唱贊奧義書》中(第156頁起)講幾位著名仙人的得道。故事和語言都簡單,但意義卻可以有深淺各解。例如第161頁的一句「唯願老師教我!」徐譯註引原文說諸家改字解釋牽強,不改「則義皆變矣。存此以俟高明。」於是把那個主要的字略去未譯。其實照不高明的平常讀法,那個字不過是一個極平常的「欲」字。因為各家認為要以「離欲」為中心思想,所以聚訟紛紜。古今中外思想不同,忌諱有異,不能不影響到解說和翻譯。這一篇的《引言》中說:「微有所刪節,質樸而傷雅則闕焉。」第145頁注說:「原文稍有過於朴率之處,譯時略加文飾。」俗詞改譯成了雅詞。第 151頁注說:「此章梵文殊晦,譯時頗有增損。」第182頁注說:「此節譯之傷雅,故略。」第252頁注說:「此章譯時略去俗義。」在另一最著名最重要的長篇《大林間奧義書》的《引言》中說:「天竺古人有不諱言之處,於華文為頗傷大雅者,不得已而刪之。明通博達之君子,知可相諒。」於是這一篇中最末部分的第四章的第五、七、八、九、十、十一、十二、二十、二十一、二十二諸節(第665至666頁)全刪,第四、六節「下略」,第656頁有一處「中略」,如此等等。所以譯者譯時也是有的地方跳了過去,不過都以負責態度聲明。讀者若不是研究,若無耐性,當然可以跳讀。首先可以摘讀最流行的古本,即譯本中第一、二、三、四、六、八、九、十四、十五、十七、十八、十九等篇。以上引的兩長篇(第三、第十五)內容較雜,對一般讀者說,可以由此開始。至於研究者又當別論。不過無論研究哪一方面,不能只靠譯本,不能不查原文,這是顯而易見的。例如,譯本刪去的恰好是中國道家同樣有的,這從譯者用雅言譯而未刪的許多地方還可以看出來,但僅憑譯本難作確切比較研究。其他語譯本也同樣。
從孔子刪《詩》的傳說起,不雅之言似乎就不應見於書面。奇怪的是,《易經》、《詩經》、道藏、佛典以至於外國的《聖經·舊約》、《吠陀》、《奧義書》都仍有不雅之言。孔子說過「吾未見好德如好色者也。」孟子說到「逾東家牆而摟其處子。」唐代的古文家柳宗元還寫出《河間婦傳》。可見有刪的就有補的。要求一切書一律純潔是不切實際的。翻譯外國書和古書往往由於彼此忌諱不同而不得不有所變動。不僅文學作品,神聖經典和神秘哲學也不能免。這部書又提供了證明。
書中尚有誤排之字未能校正,這也屬於難免之事。遺憾的是,譯者在全書中都譯《韋陀》,而《譯者序》中改為現在通行的「吠陀」,不能一致。想來這不能由譯者負責。古譯「吠」字本有佛教徒鄙薄「外道」之意。譯者尊重印度正統(即佛教之「外道」)經典,改用另一古譯「韋陀」,也不致有誤會,出書時不必在《序》中獨改。現在通行譯作「往世書」的,徐譯為「古事記」,與日本同名古書相混,還是分別為好。還有些篇名、人名本無定譯,譯者在國外譯時自立一套。這類異譯對一般讀者關係不大,而略知印度古典的人也容易辨認,不統一倒也無妨。至於各篇非一時所譯,稍有參差,那更無關緊要了。
(《五十奧義書》,徐梵澄譯,中國社會科學出版社一九八四年四月第一版,〔精〕6.90元)
① 試看第278頁譯者注及第465頁本文與較晚出的第三十二、三十三、三十四篇等,可比較中醫經絡及道家修煉。此外如「五大」對應「五行」之類不勝枚舉。
② 印度也這樣解詞,徐譯註多說是「文字遊戲」, 實未必然。
③《蛙氏奧義書的神秘主義試析》,見拙著《印度文化論集》,曾載《哲學研究》一九八一年第六期。《蛙氏奧義書》即徐譯第十九篇。
↧
Latin poet Horace;《賀拉斯詩選:拉中對照詳注本》
Latin poet Horace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace
《賀拉斯詩選:拉中對照詳注本》李永毅譯註,北京:中國青年,2015
向瑞麟兄請教HORACE說「書」並談《蒙田隨筆全集》研究
從去年8-9月至2004年3月,我斷續研讀名著The Life of Samuel Johnson by Boswell【牛津大學本】, 並找出新潮翻譯本的許多形形色色缺失。期間, 我當然向瑞麟兄請教過許多問題。下面為一典型例:
「瑞麟兄: 這是(詳下文對照)Boswell 引的,他對傳主的雄心壯志,可能意思是寫此名人的50年史。
所以,方便將整段翻譯一下嗎?」【我(hc)當時沒將出處記下, 現在後悔莫及。】
【我2004/6/24趁機補習,參考《蒙田隨筆全集》(南京: 譯文,1996三卷本)「論自命不凡」(pp.331369) 和《我不想樹立雕像:蒙田隨筆選》(梁宗岱 黃建華翻譯,北京:光明日報,1996 只譯「自命不凡的虛幻」第一段),並抄錄如下。
讀這兩本翻譯本,讓我更深入感到:希臘文-拉丁文古典文本和《 蒙田隨筆全集》等,都須要全面翻譯並詳注,這是目前學界仍缺的( 目前《蒙田隨筆全集》的注多「虛應故事」)。】
****rl回信
HC,
如果你手邊有日前提到的《蒙田隨筆全集》,可以參考第二冊(中) 第十七章(不過,我不確定篇章是否如此安排)。
原文出自HORACE Satire II.i,記得我曾經提過書林有Sidney Alexander: The Complete Odes and Satires of Horace.
引文在該書P.248(英文)
以下為拉丁、法文、英文對照(均從網路載下)。
Latin:
Ille velut fidis arcana sodalibus olim
Credebat libris, neque, si male cesserat, usquam
Decurrens alio , neque si bene: quo fit ut omnis
Votiva pateat veluti descripta tabella
Vita senis.
Français:
Autrefois celui-là confiait à ses livres
Comme à de bons amis ses secrets, et jamais
Heureux ou malheureux n'ont d'autre confident:
Aussi sa longue vie est-elle là dépeinte
Tout étalée ainsi qu'en un tableau votif.
English:
He trusted to his booke, as to his trusty friend
His secrets, nor did he to other refuge bend,
How ever well, or ill, with him his fortune went.
Hence is it, all the life is seene the old man spent,
As it were in a Table noted,
Which were unto some God devoted.
他像告訴忠實的同伴那樣,
把他的秘密告訴他的書籍,
他失敗或成功的唯一傾聽者;
這樣,這位老人的一生都描繪了出來,
猶如寫在還願的板上一樣。
Or (translated by Sideny Alexander)
In the old days he entrusted the secrets
of his heart to his books as if to
faithful friends, never turning elsewhere
for recourse whether things went good or bad.
So that the life of that old man
appears entirely in his writings as if
painted on a votive-tablet.
RL
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace
《賀拉斯詩選:拉中對照詳注本》李永毅譯註,北京:中國青年,2015
Quintus Horatius Flaccus was born on Venusia, Italy, Roman Republic on this day in 65 BCE.
"Winter" by Horace
See how Soracte stands glistening with snowfall,
and the labouring woods bend under the weight:
see how the mountain streams are frozen,
cased in the ice by the shuddering cold?
and the labouring woods bend under the weight:
see how the mountain streams are frozen,
cased in the ice by the shuddering cold?
Drive away bitterness, and pile on the logs,
bury the hearthstones, and, with generous heart,
out of the four-year old Sabine jars,
O Thaliarchus, bring on the true wine.
bury the hearthstones, and, with generous heart,
out of the four-year old Sabine jars,
O Thaliarchus, bring on the true wine.
Leave the rest to the gods: when they’ve stilled the winds
that struggle, far away, over raging seas,
you’ll see that neither the cypress trees
nor the old ash will be able to stir.
that struggle, far away, over raging seas,
you’ll see that neither the cypress trees
nor the old ash will be able to stir.
Don’t ask what tomorrow brings, call them your gain
whatever days Fortune gives, don’t spurn sweet love,
my child, and don’t you be neglectful
of the choir of love, or the dancing feet,
whatever days Fortune gives, don’t spurn sweet love,
my child, and don’t you be neglectful
of the choir of love, or the dancing feet,
while life is still green, and your white-haired old age
is far away with all its moroseness. Now,
find the Campus again, and the squares,
soft whispers at night, at the hour agreed,
is far away with all its moroseness. Now,
find the Campus again, and the squares,
soft whispers at night, at the hour agreed,
and the pleasing laugh that betrays her, the girl
who’s hiding away in the darkest corner,
and the pledge that’s retrieved from her arm,
or from a lightly resisting finger.
who’s hiding away in the darkest corner,
and the pledge that’s retrieved from her arm,
or from a lightly resisting finger.
*
This wide-ranging selection showcases the work of one of ancient Rome’s master poets—and originator of the phrase “carpe diem”—whose influence on poetry can be traced through the centuries into our own time. Quintus Horatius Flaccus, who lived from 65 to 8 BCE, saw the death of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire and was personally acquainted with the emperor Augustus and the poet Virgil. He was famous during his lifetime and since for his odes and epodes, for his satires and epistles, and for Ars Poetica. His lyric poems, brief and allusive, have been translated into English by a range of famous poets, including Milton, Ben Jonson, John Dryden, William Cowper, A. E. Housman, Ezra Pound, Louis MacNeice, Robert Lowell—and even Queen Elizabeth I and the Victorian prime minister William Gladstone. Horace’s masterly verses have inspired poets from antiquity to modernity, and his injunction to “seize the day” has echoed through the ages. This anthology of superb English translations shows how Horace has permeated English literature for five centuries.
This wide-ranging selection showcases the work of one of ancient Rome’s master poets—and originator of the phrase “carpe diem”—whose influence on poetry can be traced through the centuries into our own time. Quintus Horatius Flaccus, who lived from 65 to 8 BCE, saw the death of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire and was personally acquainted with the emperor Augustus and the poet Virgil. He was famous during his lifetime and since for his odes and epodes, for his satires and epistles, and for Ars Poetica. His lyric poems, brief and allusive, have been translated into English by a range of famous poets, including Milton, Ben Jonson, John Dryden, William Cowper, A. E. Housman, Ezra Pound, Louis MacNeice, Robert Lowell—and even Queen Elizabeth I and the Victorian prime minister William Gladstone. Horace’s masterly verses have inspired poets from antiquity to modernity, and his injunction to “seize the day” has echoed through the ages. This anthology of superb English translations shows how Horace has permeated English literature for five centuries.
向瑞麟兄請教HORACE說「書」並談《蒙田隨筆全集》研究
從去年8-9月至2004年3月,我斷續研讀名著The Life of Samuel Johnson by Boswell【牛津大學本】,
「瑞麟兄: 這是(詳下文對照)Boswell 引的,他對傳主的雄心壯志,可能意思是寫此名人的50年史。
所以,方便將整段翻譯一下嗎?」【我(hc)當時沒將出處記下,
【我2004/6/24趁機補習,參考《蒙田隨筆全集》(南京:
讀這兩本翻譯本,讓我更深入感到:希臘文-拉丁文古典文本和《
****rl回信
HC,
如果你手邊有日前提到的《蒙田隨筆全集》,可以參考第二冊(中)
原文出自HORACE Satire II.i,記得我曾經提過書林有Sidney Alexander: The Complete Odes and Satires of Horace.
引文在該書P.248(英文)
以下為拉丁、法文、英文對照(均從網路載下)。
Latin:
Ille velut fidis arcana sodalibus olim
Credebat libris, neque, si male cesserat, usquam
Decurrens alio , neque si bene: quo fit ut omnis
Votiva pateat veluti descripta tabella
Vita senis.
Français:
Autrefois celui-là confiait à ses livres
Comme à de bons amis ses secrets, et jamais
Heureux ou malheureux n'ont d'autre confident:
Aussi sa longue vie est-elle là dépeinte
Tout étalée ainsi qu'en un tableau votif.
English:
He trusted to his booke, as to his trusty friend
His secrets, nor did he to other refuge bend,
How ever well, or ill, with him his fortune went.
Hence is it, all the life is seene the old man spent,
As it were in a Table noted,
Which were unto some God devoted.
他像告訴忠實的同伴那樣,
把他的秘密告訴他的書籍,
他失敗或成功的唯一傾聽者;
這樣,這位老人的一生都描繪了出來,
猶如寫在還願的板上一樣。
Or (translated by Sideny Alexander)
In the old days he entrusted the secrets
of his heart to his books as if to
faithful friends, never turning elsewhere
for recourse whether things went good or bad.
So that the life of that old man
appears entirely in his writings as if
painted on a votive-tablet.
RL
↧
↧
Gary Snyder《山河無盡》《水面波紋》。 鍾玲《美國詩與中國夢》、胡品清/《史耐德與中國文化》/ 《山即是心--史耐德詩文選》/《現代中國謬司:台灣女詩人作品析論》
Gary Snyder《山河無盡》Mountains and Rivers Without End ,譚瓊琳譯,桂林:廣西師範,2016
蓋瑞‧施耐德《水面波紋》(Ripples on the Surface—Selected Poems of Gary Snyder)香港:牛津大學出版社,2012
這本書 (英中對照)的翻譯還不錯,可惜標點符號還沒滿分 (行前的空格數),偶爾有錯字,譬如說第51頁的"沖繩"寫成"繩"......
有些詩實在深翻譯者竟然有些作為 譬如說 頁54-54
Gary Snyder (born May 8, 1930) is an American poet (originally, often associated with the Beat Generation), essayist, lecturer, and environmental activist. Snyder is a winner of a Pulitzer Prize for Poetry.
译者: 林耀福 / 梁秉鈞
副标题:聯合譯叢;13; 聯合文學;47;
ISBN: 9789575220266
页数: 325
定价:新台幣150元
出版社:台北市/聯合文學出版
出版年: 1990
----
美國詩與中國夢
作者:鍾玲
東方主義是近年學界論爭的焦點之一。數百年來,神祕的東方-不論是中東還是遠東-曾引起無數歐洲學者及藝術家的玄奇想像、浪漫遐思,掩映在東方主義之下的,則是梱西交匯過程中,種種政教文化的折衝及誤差。二十世紀以來,東方主義由盛而衰,終成為後殖民時代議論的標靶。
《美國詩與中國夢》不談東方主義論述時興的政治層面,而由文化面切入,專注於中美詩學及美學一段交流因緣。「西學東漸」一向成為我們觀察現代文化史的定 論,但與此同時,卻有數輩美國詩人,為中國詩詞歌賦的視野及格律著迷不已。由此造成的影響與誤讀,產生了無數文學的奇花異果。在歐美現代主義的風潮中,中 國詩竟扮演了吃重角色。著名詩人龐德(EzraPound)及威廉斯(William Carlos williams)都曾浸潤其中,而且名領風騷。
本書作者專治中西詩學,又是知名詩人及小說創作者,所思所見,極有不同。全書細論中國詩歌從韻律、格式、意象、主題、到傳承等方面,所給予美國詩人的多 樣啟發,兼亦顧及此一中國風對西方現代文藝想像的新刺激。舉證繁多、論述細密,其所引發的中西對話課題,為邇來東方主義評論,開發又一向度。
第一章 美国现代诗和中国文化
第二章 中国诗歌译文之经典化
第三章 美国诗歌中的现实中国
第四章 中国思想之吸收及转化
第五章 人物模式之吸收及变形
第六章 整体艺术观
结论
参考文献
2008/8/3
蓋瑞‧施耐德《水面波紋》(Ripples on the Surface—Selected Poems of Gary Snyder)香港:牛津大學出版社,2012
這本書 (英中對照)的翻譯還不錯,可惜標點符號還沒滿分 (行前的空格數),偶爾有錯字,譬如說第51頁的"沖繩"寫成"繩"......
有些詩實在深翻譯者竟然有些作為 譬如說 頁54-54
nata 鉈
A novel 懂得翻譯成長篇小說? 腕くらべRIVALRY: A GEISHA'S TALE
http://hcbooks.blogspot.tw/2010/03/blog-post.html
Gary Snyder (born May 8, 1930) is an American poet (originally, often associated with the Beat Generation), essayist, lecturer, and environmental activist. Snyder is a winner of a Pulitzer Prize for Poetry.
Quotes
- As a poet I hold the most archaic values on earth. They go back to the upper Paleolithic: the fertility of the soil, the magic of animals, the power-vision in solitude, the terrifying initiation and rebirth, the love and ecstasy of the dance, the common work of the tribe. I try to hold both history and wilderness in mind, that my poems may approach the true measure of things and stand against the unbalance and ignorance of our times.
- "Statement for the Paterson Society" (1961), as quoted in David Kherdian, Six Poets of the San Francisco Renaissance: Portraits and Checklists (1967), p. 52. Snyder repeated the first part of this quote (up to "... common work of the tribe.") in the introduction to the revised edition of Gary Snyder, Myths & Texts (1978), p. viii.
- I never did know exactly what was meant by the term "The Beats," but let's say that the original meeting, association, comradeship of Allen Ginsberg, myself, Michael McClure, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Philip Whalen, who's not here, Lew Welch, who's dead, Gregory Corso, for me, to a somewhat lesser extent (I never knew Gregory as well as the others) did embody a criticism and a vision which we shared in various ways, and then went our own ways for many years.
- The Beat Vision (1974)
- Better, the perfect, easy discipline of the swallows dip and swoop, without east or west.
- On open form poetry in "Some Yips & Barks in the Dark" in Naked Poetry : Recent American Poetry in Open Forms (1976) edited by Stephen Berg
- If, after obtaining Buddhahood, anyone in my land
gets tossed in jail on a vagrancy rap, may I
not attain highest perfect enlightenment.- Burning, from No Nature; New and Selected Poems (1992)
- I recalled when I worked in the woods
and the bars of Madras, Oregon.
That short-haired joy and roughness—
America—your stupidity.
I could almost love you again.- I Went into the Maverick Bar, from No Nature; New and Selected Poems (1992)
External links
- 1991 audio interview with Gary Snyder by Don Swaim of CBS Radio - RealAudio
- Gary Snyder - Books, Selected Poems, Prose and Biography - in Russian
- Shambala Sun article "The Wild Mind Of Gary Snyder" by Trevor Carolan
- Modern American Poetry Collection - Ball State University Archives and Special Collections Research Center
山即是心--史耐德詩文選
作者: 蓋瑞.史耐德 / Gary Snyder译者: 林耀福 / 梁秉鈞
副标题:聯合譯叢;13; 聯合文學;47;
ISBN: 9789575220266
页数: 325
定价:新台幣150元
出版社:台北市/聯合文學出版
出版年: 1990
----
美國詩與中國夢
美國詩與中國夢—美國現代詩裏的中國文化模式
作者:鍾玲
東方主義是近年學界論爭的焦點之一。數百年來,神祕的東方-不論是中東還是遠東-曾引起無數歐洲學者及藝術家的玄奇想像、浪漫遐思,掩映在東方主義之下的,則是梱西交匯過程中,種種政教文化的折衝及誤差。二十世紀以來,東方主義由盛而衰,終成為後殖民時代議論的標靶。
《美國詩與中國夢》不談東方主義論述時興的政治層面,而由文化面切入,專注於中美詩學及美學一段交流因緣。「西學東漸」一向成為我們觀察現代文化史的定 論,但與此同時,卻有數輩美國詩人,為中國詩詞歌賦的視野及格律著迷不已。由此造成的影響與誤讀,產生了無數文學的奇花異果。在歐美現代主義的風潮中,中 國詩竟扮演了吃重角色。著名詩人龐德(EzraPound)及威廉斯(William Carlos williams)都曾浸潤其中,而且名領風騷。
本書作者專治中西詩學,又是知名詩人及小說創作者,所思所見,極有不同。全書細論中國詩歌從韻律、格式、意象、主題、到傳承等方面,所給予美國詩人的多 樣啟發,兼亦顧及此一中國風對西方現代文藝想像的新刺激。舉證繁多、論述細密,其所引發的中西對話課題,為邇來東方主義評論,開發又一向度。
作者简介 · · · · · ·
钟玲
钟玲,美国威斯康辛大学比较文学博士,曾任纽约州立大学艾伯尼 校区中文部主任、香港大学中文系翻译组专任讲师,现任中国台湾中山大学外文系专任教授、系主任兼所长。 代表作品有《现代中国缪斯:台湾女诗人作品析论》《赤足在草地上》《文学评论集》《爱玉的人》《如玉》等,另著有关于女性主义及女性作家之研究论文多篇。
钟玲,美国威斯康辛大学比较文学博士,曾任纽约州立大学艾伯尼 校区中文部主任、香港大学中文系翻译组专任讲师,现任中国台湾中山大学外文系专任教授、系主任兼所长。 代表作品有《现代中国缪斯:台湾女诗人作品析论》《赤足在草地上》《文学评论集》《爱玉的人》《如玉》等,另著有关于女性主义及女性作家之研究论文多篇。
目录 · · · · · ·
绪论第一章 美国现代诗和中国文化
第二章 中国诗歌译文之经典化
第三章 美国诗歌中的现实中国
第四章 中国思想之吸收及转化
第五章 人物模式之吸收及变形
第六章 整体艺术观
结论
参考文献
2008/8/3
史耐德與中國文化
作者:鍾玲
加利‧史耐德(Gary Snyder, 1930-)早在一九五○年代就在加大研究所學中文,譯寒山詩,到日本寺院學禪,是當代西方詩人中,吸收亞洲文化最多、對亞洲文化瞭解最深的人。許多評論 家視他為融合東、西方思想體系及文學傳統的文化英雄。本書為他詩歌中亞洲文化及印地安文化內涵作探源,包括探討他所吸納的佛教、神道、道教、儒家、印度 教、西藏密宗、印地安神話等思想及中國及日本古典文學,並研討以上各傳統在他作品中如何並列出現、交流滋養及熔為一爐。
作者簡介
鍾玲,威斯康辛大學麥地生校區比較文學系博士。曾任教紐約州立大學,香港大學。曾為國立中山大學外文系教授及國立高雄大學教務長。作品有《現代中國繆司 ﹕台灣女詩人作品析論》(聯經)獲國家文藝獎。《美國詩與中國夢﹕美國現代詩中的中國文化模式》(麥田)獲菲華特設中正文化獎。與美國詩人Kenneth Rexroth合作翻譯Orchid Boat: Woman Poets of China (McGraw-Hill), Li Ch’ing-chao: Complete Poems (New Directions)。
史耐德與中國文化首都师范大学出版社 2006 本版英文打字錯誤多 譬如說 CANALS 沙竇山兩處英文不一致
翻譯還不夠細緻...
問題
大塊(噫氣) 其名為風 - Gary Snyder 翻譯為 The Great Clod --待hc討論
這大塊可能指 "大地"或 近乎Spirits (of Holy)之 "大鬼"
盖 瑞·史耐德(1930- )是最深入全面地研究中国文化的美国作家之一,他的作品中吸纳了很多的中国思想、文学模式及书画成分。他生长于美国西岸,自幼就对太平洋彼岸的邻居中国深 感兴趣。十岁、十一岁在西雅图博物馆申面对中国山水画,感到其与他热爱的羌国西北部高山景致相似,就开始深深倾慕中国文化。直到今日他一直对中国文明整体 的成就评价很高,认为中国的四大发明改变了西方的发展,中国古代士大夫的文学素养为世界之冠,中国禅宗及古杭州城是古代世界文明的楷模。在思想上他研究 儒、释、道三家的观念,他作品中吸收的道家思想包括《道德经》相辅相成、相互转化及抑阳奉阴观念、庄子的寓言思维、阴阳太极观及大自然观等。他作品中吸收 的儒家思想包括士以天下为己任服务社稷的精神,修身齐家治国平天下的观念及转化为社会生活方式的伦理观、教育观等。他所研究及吸纳的佛教为人乘佛教,虽然 他去日本学禅多年,但对中国禅宗也深入探讨与学习,认为中国禅更优胜,因为它不那么法典化,更普遍。他最推崇的中国佛教大师包括玄奘与禅宗的百丈怀海,他 最深入修习的是《金刚经》与《坛经》,也吸取了华严宗事事无碍法界的宇宙观。史耐德吸收的中国观念往往与他信奉的主要思想——如生态环保思想、原始巫祝教 思想有关,如大乘佛教天台宗认为即使是无情物如石头、树林也有悟性,他以之为其生态学的基础,因为他要为森林与动物请命。他最推重的中国作家包括苏轼、谢 灵运、寒山、杜甫,他不仅在自己诗歌中采用许多中国文学的典故,而且试着用中国古典诗的格律特色及中国文字特色来改革英诗的格律。他早年翻译的寒山诗成为 荚国两代逆向文化运动青年的精神粮食,也已变成英译的中国文学之经典之作。他更采用中国书法及山水画为诗作的主题,宋人的山水画成为他终身力作《山河无 尽》诗集的思想骨干与主要意象。他在西方文学脉络中,融入中国文学思想、文学与书画的模式,在透彻与全面性上,美国作家之中无人能比。在中西文学交流史 上,也是一位走在时代之先的集大成的融合者与楷模。
导言
第一章 史耐德的中国经验
第一节 中国山水画令他目驰神迷
第二节 青年时期学习中国文化
第三节 大陆与台湾之旅
第二章 史耐德与道家、儒家思想
第一节 《道德经》
第二节 阴阳二元思想与庄子的寓言
第三节 儒家思想之吸纳
第三章 史耐德与佛家思想
第一节 大乘佛教和中
現代中國繆思──台灣女詩人作品析論鍾玲 1989
■內容簡介: 近三十多年(1953-1988)來,台灣詩壇湧現了為數不少的傑出女詩人,即使 在中國文學史,也可說是很特別的現象。她們紹繼中國文學的傳統,並受西方文化的洗禮,表現出多彩多姿的感情世界。例如:五十年代的蓉子、林泠、敻虹、張秀 亞、李政乃、彭捷、陳秀喜、沈思,六十年代的羅英、劉延湘、藍菱、淡瑩、鍾玲、朵思、張香華、王渝、翔翎、胡品清、古月,七八十年代的朱陵、沈花末、蘇白 宇、馮青、曾淑美、筱曉、利玉芳、謝馨、方娥真、葉翠蘋、席慕蓉、王鎧珠,八十年代後期的夏宇、萬志為、梁翠梅、洪素麗、斯人、陳斐雯等。本書是對於上述 諸人的總評。
美國詩人史耐德與亞洲文化
台北 聯經 2003加利‧史耐德(Gary Snyder, 1930-)早在一九五○年代就在加大研究所學中文,譯寒山詩,到日本寺院學禪,是當代西方詩人中,吸收亞洲文化最多、對亞洲文化瞭解最深的人。許多評論 家視他為融合東、西方思想體系及文學傳統的文化英雄。本書為他詩歌中亞洲文化及印地安文化內涵作探源,包括探討他所吸納的佛教、神道、道教、儒家、印度 教、西藏密宗、印地安神話等思想及中國及日本古典文學,並研討以上各傳統在他作品中如何並列出現、交流滋養及熔為一爐。
作者簡介
鍾玲,威斯康辛大學麥地生校區比較文學系博士。曾任教紐約州立大學,香港大學。曾為國立中山大學外文系教授及國立高雄大學教務長。作品有《現代中國繆司 ﹕台灣女詩人作品析論》(聯經)獲國家文藝獎。《美國詩與中國夢﹕美國現代詩中的中國文化模式》(麥田)獲菲華特設中正文化獎。與美國詩人Kenneth Rexroth合作翻譯Orchid Boat: Woman Poets of China (McGraw-Hill), Li Ch’ing-chao: Complete Poems (New Directions)。
史耐德與中國文化首都师范大学出版社 2006 本版英文打字錯誤多 譬如說 CANALS 沙竇山兩處英文不一致
翻譯還不夠細緻...
問題
大塊(噫氣) 其名為風 - Gary Snyder 翻譯為 The Great Clod --待hc討論
這大塊可能指 "大地"或 近乎Spirits (of Holy)之 "大鬼"
塊 大塊
盖 瑞·史耐德(1930- )是最深入全面地研究中国文化的美国作家之一,他的作品中吸纳了很多的中国思想、文学模式及书画成分。他生长于美国西岸,自幼就对太平洋彼岸的邻居中国深 感兴趣。十岁、十一岁在西雅图博物馆申面对中国山水画,感到其与他热爱的羌国西北部高山景致相似,就开始深深倾慕中国文化。直到今日他一直对中国文明整体 的成就评价很高,认为中国的四大发明改变了西方的发展,中国古代士大夫的文学素养为世界之冠,中国禅宗及古杭州城是古代世界文明的楷模。在思想上他研究 儒、释、道三家的观念,他作品中吸收的道家思想包括《道德经》相辅相成、相互转化及抑阳奉阴观念、庄子的寓言思维、阴阳太极观及大自然观等。他作品中吸收 的儒家思想包括士以天下为己任服务社稷的精神,修身齐家治国平天下的观念及转化为社会生活方式的伦理观、教育观等。他所研究及吸纳的佛教为人乘佛教,虽然 他去日本学禅多年,但对中国禅宗也深入探讨与学习,认为中国禅更优胜,因为它不那么法典化,更普遍。他最推崇的中国佛教大师包括玄奘与禅宗的百丈怀海,他 最深入修习的是《金刚经》与《坛经》,也吸取了华严宗事事无碍法界的宇宙观。史耐德吸收的中国观念往往与他信奉的主要思想——如生态环保思想、原始巫祝教 思想有关,如大乘佛教天台宗认为即使是无情物如石头、树林也有悟性,他以之为其生态学的基础,因为他要为森林与动物请命。他最推重的中国作家包括苏轼、谢 灵运、寒山、杜甫,他不仅在自己诗歌中采用许多中国文学的典故,而且试着用中国古典诗的格律特色及中国文字特色来改革英诗的格律。他早年翻译的寒山诗成为 荚国两代逆向文化运动青年的精神粮食,也已变成英译的中国文学之经典之作。他更采用中国书法及山水画为诗作的主题,宋人的山水画成为他终身力作《山河无 尽》诗集的思想骨干与主要意象。他在西方文学脉络中,融入中国文学思想、文学与书画的模式,在透彻与全面性上,美国作家之中无人能比。在中西文学交流史 上,也是一位走在时代之先的集大成的融合者与楷模。
导言
第一章 史耐德的中国经验
第一节 中国山水画令他目驰神迷
第二节 青年时期学习中国文化
第三节 大陆与台湾之旅
第二章 史耐德与道家、儒家思想
第一节 《道德经》
第二节 阴阳二元思想与庄子的寓言
第三节 儒家思想之吸纳
第三章 史耐德与佛家思想
第一节 大乘佛教和中
現代中國繆思──台灣女詩人作品析論鍾玲 1989
書 名: | 現 代中國繆司 | 副標題 : | 台灣女詩人作品析論 |
書 號: | 82015 | 出版社 : | 聯經出版公司 |
作 者: | 鍾玲 | 頁 數: | 424頁 |
譯 者: | 印刷方式: | 黑白 |
■內容簡介: 近三十多年(1953-1988)來,台灣詩壇湧現了為數不少的傑出女詩人,即使 在中國文學史,也可說是很特別的現象。她們紹繼中國文學的傳統,並受西方文化的洗禮,表現出多彩多姿的感情世界。例如:五十年代的蓉子、林泠、敻虹、張秀 亞、李政乃、彭捷、陳秀喜、沈思,六十年代的羅英、劉延湘、藍菱、淡瑩、鍾玲、朵思、張香華、王渝、翔翎、胡品清、古月,七八十年代的朱陵、沈花末、蘇白 宇、馮青、曾淑美、筱曉、利玉芳、謝馨、方娥真、葉翠蘋、席慕蓉、王鎧珠,八十年代後期的夏宇、萬志為、梁翠梅、洪素麗、斯人、陳斐雯等。本書是對於上述 諸人的總評。
詩神的名字
.胡品清 總 揮 不 去 繞 繚 耳 畔 的 牧 神 之 笛 韻 , 眼 前 是 維 娜 絲 自 愛 琴 海 的 白 色 泡 沫 中 嫋 嫋 升 起 。 巴 拿 斯 山 上 佳 木 蔥 蘢 , 且 讓 我 們 騎 著 天 馬 貝 格 阿 斯 上 山 俯 視 沛 瑞 克 利 斯 的 金 色 王 朝 。 活 在 公 元 前 十 世 紀 的 希 臘 人 有 福 了 , 他 們 的 社 會 裡 混 雜 著 神 、 半 神 和 人 , 現 實 和 夢 幻 。 古 希 臘 的 天 地 完 美 無 雙 , 世 界 很 年 輕 , 生 活 中 充 滿 著 原 始 美 和 自 由 。 那 時 代 的 人 富 於 幻 想 , 能 從 樹 隙 間 窺 視 山 林 之 神 翹 著 長 長 的 羊 角 , 悠 然 吹 起 木 笛 , 或 是 在 山 泉 旁 看 水 之 女 神 赤 裸 著 身 體 在 銀 色 浪 花 中 泅 泳 。 那 時 , 希 臘 的 嫦 娥 黛 婀 娜 尚 未 被 火 箭 射 死 , 她 常 在 月 光 如 水 的 夜 間 帶 著 彈 弓 在 原 始 的 森 林 中 狩 獵 , 或 是 因 單 戀 美 男 子 阿 多 尼 斯 而 為 情 敵 賽 姬 製 造 悲 劇 。 不 僅 是 原 始 的 , 那 美 好 的 古 典 世 界 。 原 始 有 時 暗 示 野 蠻 和 黑 色 恐 怖 , 而 典 雅 的 雅 典 城 是 西 方 文 明 的 搖 籃 , 孕 育 了 九 個 文 藝 女 神 。 她 們 住 在 巴 拿 斯 山 上 , 各 司 一 職 , 通 稱 繆 思 , 但 詩 之 女 神 的 名 字 則 是 波 蘭 妮 。
而 我 們 是 現 代 人 , 神 經 緊 張 得 快 爆 裂 , 快 被 廢 水 和 煙 塵 戕 害 。 在 此 二 十 一 世 紀 裡 , 工 廠 的 汽 笛 代 替 了 牧 神 之 木 笛 , 摧 毀 雙 子 星 大 樓 的 飛 機 代 替 了 天 馬 , 神 殿 都 殘 破 , 文 藝 的 廟 堂 也 荒 廢 。 和 平 鴿 被 射 殺 了 , 自 由 女 神 在 哭 泣 。 號 稱 萬 物 之 靈 的 人 變 得 平 凡 庸 俗 , 或 患 著 高 度 精 神 貧 血 症 。
然 則 , 在 全 盤 工 商 化 的 社 會 裡 , 在 熙 熙 攘 攘 , 役 於 物 眾 生 裡 , 總 有 若 干 人 需 要 一 點 「 詩 」 才 能 獨 醒 獨 清 地 存 活 , 像 我 。 不 過 , 我 之 詩 神 不 屬 於 「 美 麗 的 性 別 」 , 他 之 法 文 前 名 是 巴 斯 格 阿 勒 — — 法 國 十 七 世 紀 的 哲 人 , 其 名 言 為 「 人 是 會 思
而 我 們 是 現 代 人 , 神 經 緊 張 得 快 爆 裂 , 快 被 廢 水 和 煙 塵 戕 害 。 在 此 二 十 一 世 紀 裡 , 工 廠 的 汽 笛 代 替 了 牧 神 之 木 笛 , 摧 毀 雙 子 星 大 樓 的 飛 機 代 替 了 天 馬 , 神 殿 都 殘 破 , 文 藝 的 廟 堂 也 荒 廢 。 和 平 鴿 被 射 殺 了 , 自 由 女 神 在 哭 泣 。 號 稱 萬 物 之 靈 的 人 變 得 平 凡 庸 俗 , 或 患 著 高 度 精 神 貧 血 症 。
然 則 , 在 全 盤 工 商 化 的 社 會 裡 , 在 熙 熙 攘 攘 , 役 於 物 眾 生 裡 , 總 有 若 干 人 需 要 一 點 「 詩 」 才 能 獨 醒 獨 清 地 存 活 , 像 我 。 不 過 , 我 之 詩 神 不 屬 於 「 美 麗 的 性 別 」 , 他 之 法 文 前 名 是 巴 斯 格 阿 勒 — — 法 國 十 七 世 紀 的 哲 人 , 其 名 言 為 「 人 是 會 思
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陳耀昌 《獅頭花》2017
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伯羅奔尼撒戰爭史History Of The Peloponnesian War
伯羅奔尼撒戰爭史
History Of The Peloponnesian War
- 作者: 修昔底德 新功能介紹
- 原文作者: Thucydides
- 譯者: 謝德風/譯
- 出版社:台灣商務
- 出版日期:2000/
Mary Renault (1905-1983)一九五六年的《殘酒》(The Last of the Wine) 以伯羅奔尼撒戰爭(431–404 BC)為背景,講述在柏拉圖老師蘇格拉底門下的一對雅典情侶十三年的流離。呂西斯與阿列克西亞的關係,再現了雅典所崇尚的男同性戀習俗:較年長的「愛者」(erastes)要擔當他傾慕的少年「所愛」(eromenos)的精神導師。兩人彷彿是另一時空的拉爾夫與羅瑞,因生活在一個推崇男風的英雄主義時代,而能更加高貴而長久地相愛。戰爭與和平交替,暴民與寡頭輪番上台,雅典由盛而衰的歷程如長卷一樣徐徐鋪展。這小說一舉奠定了瑞瑙特作為歷史文學大師的地位,也確立了她用得爐火純青的敘事手法—第一人稱回憶體的成長小說。
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鄭敏:訪談 (2017);《詩歌與哲學是近鄰-- 結構-解構詩論》(1999)
Ben 在12月1日與我們介紹鄭敏的訪談 (2017)。趁機會稍微介紹這位97歲的詩人-教授。
鄭敏:《詩歌與哲學是近鄰-- 結構-解構詩論》北京大學出版社,1999
局限及對現代派詩的影響. 詩的內在結構——兼論詩與散文的區別. 英美詩創作中的物我關係. 英國浪漫主義大詩人華茲華斯的再評價. 詩的魅力的來源. 探索與尋找:19 世紀末到20 ... 《詩歌與哲學是近鄰一結構一解構詩論》. 前言. 第一編結構與詩. 詩人與矛盾. 不可竭盡的魅力. 第二編走進龐德、艾略特時代. 龐德,現代派詩歌的爆破手. 從《荒原》看艾略特的詩藝. 第三編後現代詩歌的到來. 詩與後現代. 威廉斯與詩歌后現代主義.
Ben Chen
12月1日
《走近女詩人》
有這麼多女詩人!
在60多位女詩人中,我居然只知道其中一位:年過九十的鄭敏。
訪談
花語:鄭敏老師您好!您是“詩壇常青樹”,是詩人,又是翻譯家和詩歌批評家,是中國詩歌史無法繞過的詩人,您老願意接受中國詩歌網的訪談,深感榮幸!您是中國最長壽的女詩人,也是“九葉詩派”詩人裡,最後一棵大樹。據說,九葉詩派,是抗戰後期和解放戰爭時期的一個具有現代主義傾向的詩歌流派,在新詩寫作中追求現實與藝術、感性與理性之間的平衡美,當年,詩人辛笛、曹辛之、唐祈、唐湜、陳敬容、袁可嘉、杜運燮、穆旦和您的詩作一起出現在《九葉集》上,才有了“九葉詩派”之說。那麼,請您談談當年與“九葉詩派”另幾個人的交往!
鄭敏:這八個人都很熟!九葉派是一個非常含糊的說法,那是在中國生活非常政治化的歷史時期,我們幾人因為年齡相近、對文學的看法有相似之處、比較談得來、又因為學校或詩歌單位的活動較多,我們經常在一起討論詩歌才有了這個說法。其實,我在出國之前就認識了他們,在不同的詩歌場合參加活動和他們打過交道,他們每人也都有各自的工作崗位和人生背景,都非常熱愛中國的詩歌並從事著不同的、多少與詩有點關係的工作,只是詩歌作為業餘愛好,大家一起深入研究的時間並不多,確切地說,和他們幾人是在解放前就認識了。我在國外靠著英語,經常從事著報紙雜誌的翻譯工作,我在出國前,在中央通訊社工作,寫新聞稿,我從美國回國後,正趕上新中國成立之後最大那場運動,那時還沒多少人知道我寫詩。
花語:我看過您年輕時的照片:知性、靜美、眼神中透著智慧、溫柔和善良,年輕時有人誇您漂亮嗎?您覺著自己是個什麼樣的人!?
鄭敏:我算不上漂亮的,但是那時經常在參加國內的詩歌活動,各種大型活動基本都會出現,高中、大學就喜歡詩歌,我受老師馮至的影響,很早就接觸西方詩歌。我們那時有一群人喜歡詩歌,都與西南聯大有關係,那時,戰爭接近尾聲,國家開始穩定了!
對於我所愛好的,我是把詩歌和音樂都變成了我生命的一部分,左手是詩歌,右手是音樂。我的工作也與詩歌有關,編輯、出書,高中大學畢業以後,分到了好單位,工作只用半天時間,有很多時間寫詩,加上在美國上過學,我能更多地接觸到外國詩歌。
花語:您喝點水吧,談這麼多您累吧?
鄭敏:一點沒有累的感覺!我的年紀和我的體力不太配合!
花語:您生於?
鄭敏:我是1920年生的!
花語:啊,您97歲!馬上就要成為百歲老人了!97歲還能侃侃而談,讓我握握您的手,沾點仙氣吧!(握住鄭敏老師的手)
鄭敏:那讓我也握握你的手(握住花語的手),沾點你的活氣,生命之力啊!我能感到你是思維特別跳躍的一個人。你所從事的工作能發揮你的作用嗎,孩子?
花語:能發揮一些吧,鄭敏老師,我幹的是宣傳口的一份工作,文案撰寫、文化牆製作,網站更新,公司製度的修訂等都需要文字功底!
鄭敏:你也不簡單!孩子,你能告訴我,是哪一類人對我感興趣嗎?
花語:對您感興趣的多了,97歲,寫詩的百歲老人,在中國就您一個啊,您就是中國現代詩歌史!研究中國歷史的,研究中國詩歌史的,研究中國長壽老人的,都會對您有興趣!我昨天還對童蔚姐姐(鄭敏老師女兒,著名詩人)說,我來採訪您,一方面是為了工作,另一方面是出於“使命”!中國,像您這樣跨世紀的詩歌百歲老人,哪裡還有第二個?
花語:您能告訴我為什麼大學選擇的是哲學專業嗎,詩歌與哲學到底是一種什麼關係?
鄭敏:海德格爾告訴我們哲學是詩歌的近鄰。哲學打開了我看事物的眼睛,提升了我認知的高度和深度。哲學告訴我們世界到底是什麼樣子的,我們應該以怎樣的視角去認知世界,而詩歌則是藝術化的哲學。也就是說真正的哲學家和詩人是一體的,與世界同體共生。有些詩人的詩歌散發著他的哲思,而哲學家的思想就是他最大的詩歌。就我個人來講,哲學讓我知道用腦子嚴密思考,探尋世界存在的方式及其真相。而詩是心靈的訴求,心動才有詩歌,被矛盾推動才是詩的動力。哲學思想在詩歌中不能脫離美學而存在,它生動、形象,是來去不定的微光,閃爍在美學所構建的文字裡,而哲學在詩歌中只能是不存在的存在,要靠每個人的靈性去參悟。
花語:您是中國最長壽的女詩人,能否介紹下您的養生秘訣?
鄭敏:我喜歡游泳,會仰泳,最喜歡自由泳,我從小學就開始游泳了。那時我父親在河南六合溝煤礦做總工程師,當年父親們那一輩的同事都在法國留過學,他們思想比較前衛,回國後,希望我們這一代健健康康的,不要像病歪歪的嬌小姐,他們就在煤礦建了游泳池,允許礦上的家屬和孩子都來學游泳,所以從七歲起我就開始游泳了。我小學六年級以後隨母親到了北京上培元中學,念了一年之後,就去讀了南渝中學,也就是當年的南開中學,從那裡考入西南聯大。在所有能游泳的時間裡,初中、高中、大學我都在游泳,在泳池裡我能飄起來!
另外是飲食,偏清淡,注重營養搭配!我父親他們那代的規矩,不吃肥肉,少吃油膩,當年隨父親留英留法回來的那批工程師們思維很現代化,當年的生活已經很西方,即使吃中餐炒菜也很注重營養搭配,這也是長壽的關鍵之一!
花語:您早年的詩,寫得先鋒、智慧、富有哲理,在您看來,什麼是好詩?中國詩歌與西方詩歌的差距在哪兒?
鄭敏:好詩的種類多極了!尤其進入後現代以後,但是,好詩有幾個條件,一個是詩人對生命的感受要比一般人深刻,不然沒什麼可寫的,不能僅僅停留在有幾個好聽的句子,和一種纏綿不已的感情,否則後現代我們就沒有了,中國的詩幸虧沒有掉在這個坑里,否則就麻煩了!幸虧我們按照現代化的路子在走,中國詩,從我的眼睛看,因為我在美國讀了不少美國的詩作,我覺得我們跟世界的最前沿的詩,如果從文筆、從藝術上比並不差,可是我們的生活、思維,沒有像他們那樣經過一個開放的時間間隔。從19世紀走到20世紀21世紀,他們的思想開放多了,我們很少達到他們那個高度,他們那個開放,說明人類哲學思想已經走入後現代了,但是我們的兩次革命,都還沒達到現代的水平,還在摸索中國的道路!我們的詩歌都沒有達到他們現代的感情,因為我們的生活裡沒有,我們保留了很多19世紀末的感情,連20世紀西方資產階級改革的感情,我們都沒學到,因為他們從19世界走到20世紀,最大的顯示,就是每個人的現代化生活使得他們感情,不管浪漫的還是後現代的,都有現代性了,我們的詩歌現代性很差,我們的整個文學一直在現代性問題上,沒有跟世界交流!我說的好詩的第二個標準是哲學對詩歌的滲透,是讓哲學把靈魂帶給詩歌,又讓詩歌把美帶給哲學。
花語:您說的現代性指的是什麼?
鄭敏:
現代性最大的問題是指已經打破了對某一種信仰的極端崇拜!現代性是很開放的。是承認人的思想在某一段落,有現代和落後之分,我很擔心,我們的新詩在某一階段,不能理解西方。我們不應該把現代化的東西,都看成西方的、壞的。西方的宗教是歌頌性質的,但是他們的文學不是!從教堂出來的,我們一律不要,避開了宗教信仰來談文學,就會錯過了文學的某個高峰!
花語:您是否有宗教信仰?
鄭敏:
我沒有宗教信仰,不信佛,也不信基督。我不是說別人的信仰就不對,我只是比較講道理,我大學選的哲學專業,通過哲學能理解人性,通過哲學能理解人類歷史生存的道路以及各種問題,沒有宗教信仰我一樣活得很好。
花語: 97歲高壽,您現在還看詩嗎?
鄭敏:看,不是每天,是經常看。古人對詩是非常崇拜的,現代人要品味古詩的韻味很難!我們的應試教育對文學框架的設定太多,不利於現代人的獨立思考!
花語:外國的詩人有很多,您為什麼獨獨喜歡里爾克?
鄭敏:
里爾克的詩歌,文字表達的藝術非常深刻,思想非常哲學,他所呈現的藝術之美完全是天賦,他的詩就像一盆花,沒有讓人眼花繚亂之感,但是靜靜的,很美,語言也非常好,我因此特別喜歡里爾克!
鄭敏:你在文學上有什麼打算?你有沒把中國詩歌與西方詩歌做比較?看翻譯的詩歌嗎?
花語:我寫詩16年,正出詩集呢,回頭寄給您。我讀的翻譯的詩歌不多,主要是沒被打動,應該是翻譯的問題,有些翻譯連語言前後置的問題都沒解決,順手就直接譯過來了,一點都不好看,所以我讀的少,更無從比較。
鄭敏:那你讀英文的報紙雜誌嗎?你英語停留在什麼水平?
花語:因為工作忙,我很少想到去讀英文的報紙雜誌,我還是高中的基礎,高中背過三本書,就是高中英語課本,當時背得滾瓜爛熟,語感還不錯,一般英文歌詞能看懂一半,餘下的要翻字典。您建議我怎麼提高英文的閱讀水平?
鄭敏:我建議你去多讀些英文的散文和雜誌,慢慢提高閱讀水平!
花語:您活了一個世紀,見證滄海桑田,您相信愛情嗎?
鄭敏:相信愛情,一直相信愛情,只有相信,活著才是美好的!
花語:您最喜歡什麼花?最偏愛什麼顏色?
鄭敏:我沒有固定的特別喜歡的花,也沒有固定的特別的喜歡的顏色,在我眼裡,所有花都是生命,所有生命都是美的,甭管什麼顏色!
花語:您一九四八年到美國紐約後專攻英國文學,課餘時間曾師從一位具有世界聲譽的朱麗雅特音樂學院的聲樂教授泰樂先生學了二年多聲樂,一個小時十塊美金。因此您的意大利式發音悅耳動聽,有出碟帶嗎?您現在還能唱幾首嗎?
鄭敏:沒有出過碟帶,但現在依然還能唱一些,經常唱,高興時就會唱幾句。
花語:那您能現場給唱幾句嗎?
鄭敏:好啊!(於是,面對花語的手機錄相鏡頭,鄭敏老師真的唱了三首,一首中文,兩首英文!)
花語後記:
在詩人童蔚的陪同下,從鄭敏老師的家裡出來,已是華燈初上,空氣中飄著年味,攔車有點困難,那一天是2017的大年28,我居然忘了我訂的火車票是臘月29凌晨的一張硬座票!帶著滿滿的愛和溫暖,感嘆生命的神奇,穿過空闊的街道,我最終坐上了一輛只有我一個乘客的公交車,和公交司機、售票員開玩笑,我說我坐的是回家專列,下了車與他們道別,走一段路去坐四號地鐵,然後回通州拿行李。人在地鐵線上穿梭,腦子裡晃動著97歲詩人、鄭敏老師的笑容和歌聲,感受生命的偉大和壯美,從心裡發出的一個聲音是:向生命致敬!
責任編輯:牛莉
鄭敏:《詩歌與哲學是近鄰-- 結構-解構詩論》北京大學出版社,1999
《詩歌與哲學是近鄰一結構一解構詩論》
前言
《詩歌與哲學是近鄰——結構——解構詩論》北京大學出版社1999年. 《思維·文化·詩學》河南人民出版社2004年. 《鄭敏文集》(6卷本)北京師範大學出版社2012年. 鄭敏授獎詞. 鄭敏先生是當代詩壇的一棵「常青樹」。她七十餘年的創作生涯與中國新詩的發展同呼吸,共命運,並相互哺育。她的詩從一開始就跳出了浪漫主義的世紀窠臼, 追求感性和理性、「詩」與「思」的高度統一,追求從日常經驗出發,在無限拓展的時空中呈現「智慧的凝聚」。對她來說,詩不僅是靈魂在燃燒中吐出的光和力,也是心頭流過的思想 ...
文論卷-鄭敏文集(全三冊) -華人百科
https://www.itsfun.com.tw/文論卷.../wiki-63658542-78880042このページを訳す
《鄭敏文集:文論卷(上)》目錄:. 《英美詩歌戲劇研究》. 寫在前面. 意象派詩的創新、12月1日
《走近女詩人》
有這麼多女詩人!
在60多位女詩人中,我居然只知道其中一位:年過九十的鄭敏。
鄭敏:在哲學與詩歌之間歌唱
訪談
花語:鄭敏老師您好!您是“詩壇常青樹”,是詩人,又是翻譯家和詩歌批評家,是中國詩歌史無法繞過的詩人,您老願意接受中國詩歌網的訪談,深感榮幸!您是中國最長壽的女詩人,也是“九葉詩派”詩人裡,最後一棵大樹。據說,九葉詩派,是抗戰後期和解放戰爭時期的一個具有現代主義傾向的詩歌流派,在新詩寫作中追求現實與藝術、感性與理性之間的平衡美,當年,詩人辛笛、曹辛之、唐祈、唐湜、陳敬容、袁可嘉、杜運燮、穆旦和您的詩作一起出現在《九葉集》上,才有了“九葉詩派”之說。那麼,請您談談當年與“九葉詩派”另幾個人的交往!
鄭敏:這八個人都很熟!九葉派是一個非常含糊的說法,那是在中國生活非常政治化的歷史時期,我們幾人因為年齡相近、對文學的看法有相似之處、比較談得來、又因為學校或詩歌單位的活動較多,我們經常在一起討論詩歌才有了這個說法。其實,我在出國之前就認識了他們,在不同的詩歌場合參加活動和他們打過交道,他們每人也都有各自的工作崗位和人生背景,都非常熱愛中國的詩歌並從事著不同的、多少與詩有點關係的工作,只是詩歌作為業餘愛好,大家一起深入研究的時間並不多,確切地說,和他們幾人是在解放前就認識了。我在國外靠著英語,經常從事著報紙雜誌的翻譯工作,我在出國前,在中央通訊社工作,寫新聞稿,我從美國回國後,正趕上新中國成立之後最大那場運動,那時還沒多少人知道我寫詩。
花語:我看過您年輕時的照片:知性、靜美、眼神中透著智慧、溫柔和善良,年輕時有人誇您漂亮嗎?您覺著自己是個什麼樣的人!?
鄭敏:我算不上漂亮的,但是那時經常在參加國內的詩歌活動,各種大型活動基本都會出現,高中、大學就喜歡詩歌,我受老師馮至的影響,很早就接觸西方詩歌。我們那時有一群人喜歡詩歌,都與西南聯大有關係,那時,戰爭接近尾聲,國家開始穩定了!
對於我所愛好的,我是把詩歌和音樂都變成了我生命的一部分,左手是詩歌,右手是音樂。我的工作也與詩歌有關,編輯、出書,高中大學畢業以後,分到了好單位,工作只用半天時間,有很多時間寫詩,加上在美國上過學,我能更多地接觸到外國詩歌。
花語:您喝點水吧,談這麼多您累吧?
鄭敏:一點沒有累的感覺!我的年紀和我的體力不太配合!
花語:您生於?
鄭敏:我是1920年生的!
花語:啊,您97歲!馬上就要成為百歲老人了!97歲還能侃侃而談,讓我握握您的手,沾點仙氣吧!(握住鄭敏老師的手)
鄭敏:那讓我也握握你的手(握住花語的手),沾點你的活氣,生命之力啊!我能感到你是思維特別跳躍的一個人。你所從事的工作能發揮你的作用嗎,孩子?
花語:能發揮一些吧,鄭敏老師,我幹的是宣傳口的一份工作,文案撰寫、文化牆製作,網站更新,公司製度的修訂等都需要文字功底!
鄭敏:你也不簡單!孩子,你能告訴我,是哪一類人對我感興趣嗎?
花語:對您感興趣的多了,97歲,寫詩的百歲老人,在中國就您一個啊,您就是中國現代詩歌史!研究中國歷史的,研究中國詩歌史的,研究中國長壽老人的,都會對您有興趣!我昨天還對童蔚姐姐(鄭敏老師女兒,著名詩人)說,我來採訪您,一方面是為了工作,另一方面是出於“使命”!中國,像您這樣跨世紀的詩歌百歲老人,哪裡還有第二個?
花語:您能告訴我為什麼大學選擇的是哲學專業嗎,詩歌與哲學到底是一種什麼關係?
鄭敏:海德格爾告訴我們哲學是詩歌的近鄰。哲學打開了我看事物的眼睛,提升了我認知的高度和深度。哲學告訴我們世界到底是什麼樣子的,我們應該以怎樣的視角去認知世界,而詩歌則是藝術化的哲學。也就是說真正的哲學家和詩人是一體的,與世界同體共生。有些詩人的詩歌散發著他的哲思,而哲學家的思想就是他最大的詩歌。就我個人來講,哲學讓我知道用腦子嚴密思考,探尋世界存在的方式及其真相。而詩是心靈的訴求,心動才有詩歌,被矛盾推動才是詩的動力。哲學思想在詩歌中不能脫離美學而存在,它生動、形象,是來去不定的微光,閃爍在美學所構建的文字裡,而哲學在詩歌中只能是不存在的存在,要靠每個人的靈性去參悟。
花語:您是中國最長壽的女詩人,能否介紹下您的養生秘訣?
鄭敏:我喜歡游泳,會仰泳,最喜歡自由泳,我從小學就開始游泳了。那時我父親在河南六合溝煤礦做總工程師,當年父親們那一輩的同事都在法國留過學,他們思想比較前衛,回國後,希望我們這一代健健康康的,不要像病歪歪的嬌小姐,他們就在煤礦建了游泳池,允許礦上的家屬和孩子都來學游泳,所以從七歲起我就開始游泳了。我小學六年級以後隨母親到了北京上培元中學,念了一年之後,就去讀了南渝中學,也就是當年的南開中學,從那裡考入西南聯大。在所有能游泳的時間裡,初中、高中、大學我都在游泳,在泳池裡我能飄起來!
另外是飲食,偏清淡,注重營養搭配!我父親他們那代的規矩,不吃肥肉,少吃油膩,當年隨父親留英留法回來的那批工程師們思維很現代化,當年的生活已經很西方,即使吃中餐炒菜也很注重營養搭配,這也是長壽的關鍵之一!
花語:您早年的詩,寫得先鋒、智慧、富有哲理,在您看來,什麼是好詩?中國詩歌與西方詩歌的差距在哪兒?
鄭敏:好詩的種類多極了!尤其進入後現代以後,但是,好詩有幾個條件,一個是詩人對生命的感受要比一般人深刻,不然沒什麼可寫的,不能僅僅停留在有幾個好聽的句子,和一種纏綿不已的感情,否則後現代我們就沒有了,中國的詩幸虧沒有掉在這個坑里,否則就麻煩了!幸虧我們按照現代化的路子在走,中國詩,從我的眼睛看,因為我在美國讀了不少美國的詩作,我覺得我們跟世界的最前沿的詩,如果從文筆、從藝術上比並不差,可是我們的生活、思維,沒有像他們那樣經過一個開放的時間間隔。從19世紀走到20世紀21世紀,他們的思想開放多了,我們很少達到他們那個高度,他們那個開放,說明人類哲學思想已經走入後現代了,但是我們的兩次革命,都還沒達到現代的水平,還在摸索中國的道路!我們的詩歌都沒有達到他們現代的感情,因為我們的生活裡沒有,我們保留了很多19世紀末的感情,連20世紀西方資產階級改革的感情,我們都沒學到,因為他們從19世界走到20世紀,最大的顯示,就是每個人的現代化生活使得他們感情,不管浪漫的還是後現代的,都有現代性了,我們的詩歌現代性很差,我們的整個文學一直在現代性問題上,沒有跟世界交流!我說的好詩的第二個標準是哲學對詩歌的滲透,是讓哲學把靈魂帶給詩歌,又讓詩歌把美帶給哲學。
花語:您說的現代性指的是什麼?
鄭敏:
現代性最大的問題是指已經打破了對某一種信仰的極端崇拜!現代性是很開放的。是承認人的思想在某一段落,有現代和落後之分,我很擔心,我們的新詩在某一階段,不能理解西方。我們不應該把現代化的東西,都看成西方的、壞的。西方的宗教是歌頌性質的,但是他們的文學不是!從教堂出來的,我們一律不要,避開了宗教信仰來談文學,就會錯過了文學的某個高峰!
花語:您是否有宗教信仰?
鄭敏:
我沒有宗教信仰,不信佛,也不信基督。我不是說別人的信仰就不對,我只是比較講道理,我大學選的哲學專業,通過哲學能理解人性,通過哲學能理解人類歷史生存的道路以及各種問題,沒有宗教信仰我一樣活得很好。
花語: 97歲高壽,您現在還看詩嗎?
鄭敏:看,不是每天,是經常看。古人對詩是非常崇拜的,現代人要品味古詩的韻味很難!我們的應試教育對文學框架的設定太多,不利於現代人的獨立思考!
花語:外國的詩人有很多,您為什麼獨獨喜歡里爾克?
鄭敏:
里爾克的詩歌,文字表達的藝術非常深刻,思想非常哲學,他所呈現的藝術之美完全是天賦,他的詩就像一盆花,沒有讓人眼花繚亂之感,但是靜靜的,很美,語言也非常好,我因此特別喜歡里爾克!
鄭敏:你在文學上有什麼打算?你有沒把中國詩歌與西方詩歌做比較?看翻譯的詩歌嗎?
花語:我寫詩16年,正出詩集呢,回頭寄給您。我讀的翻譯的詩歌不多,主要是沒被打動,應該是翻譯的問題,有些翻譯連語言前後置的問題都沒解決,順手就直接譯過來了,一點都不好看,所以我讀的少,更無從比較。
鄭敏:那你讀英文的報紙雜誌嗎?你英語停留在什麼水平?
花語:因為工作忙,我很少想到去讀英文的報紙雜誌,我還是高中的基礎,高中背過三本書,就是高中英語課本,當時背得滾瓜爛熟,語感還不錯,一般英文歌詞能看懂一半,餘下的要翻字典。您建議我怎麼提高英文的閱讀水平?
鄭敏:我建議你去多讀些英文的散文和雜誌,慢慢提高閱讀水平!
花語:您活了一個世紀,見證滄海桑田,您相信愛情嗎?
鄭敏:相信愛情,一直相信愛情,只有相信,活著才是美好的!
花語:您最喜歡什麼花?最偏愛什麼顏色?
鄭敏:我沒有固定的特別喜歡的花,也沒有固定的特別的喜歡的顏色,在我眼裡,所有花都是生命,所有生命都是美的,甭管什麼顏色!
花語:您一九四八年到美國紐約後專攻英國文學,課餘時間曾師從一位具有世界聲譽的朱麗雅特音樂學院的聲樂教授泰樂先生學了二年多聲樂,一個小時十塊美金。因此您的意大利式發音悅耳動聽,有出碟帶嗎?您現在還能唱幾首嗎?
鄭敏:沒有出過碟帶,但現在依然還能唱一些,經常唱,高興時就會唱幾句。
花語:那您能現場給唱幾句嗎?
鄭敏:好啊!(於是,面對花語的手機錄相鏡頭,鄭敏老師真的唱了三首,一首中文,兩首英文!)
花語後記:
在詩人童蔚的陪同下,從鄭敏老師的家裡出來,已是華燈初上,空氣中飄著年味,攔車有點困難,那一天是2017的大年28,我居然忘了我訂的火車票是臘月29凌晨的一張硬座票!帶著滿滿的愛和溫暖,感嘆生命的神奇,穿過空闊的街道,我最終坐上了一輛只有我一個乘客的公交車,和公交司機、售票員開玩笑,我說我坐的是回家專列,下了車與他們道別,走一段路去坐四號地鐵,然後回通州拿行李。人在地鐵線上穿梭,腦子裡晃動著97歲詩人、鄭敏老師的笑容和歌聲,感受生命的偉大和壯美,從心裡發出的一個聲音是:向生命致敬!
責任編輯:牛莉
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《江青的往時.往事.往思》1991
江青,上海人,十歲由上海進入北京舞蹈學校,接受六年專業訓練。此後她的工作經驗是多方面的,含括了演員、舞者、編舞、導演、寫作、舞美設計。
六O年代在香港、臺灣從事電影工作,首部電影《七仙女》,即轟動港臺,曾以《幾度夕陽紅》獲第五屆金馬獎最佳女主角。主演影片《西施》、《黑牛與白蛇》、《喜怒哀樂》等二十餘部,並參加數部影片的編舞工作。
一九七O年前往美國,學習現代舞。七三年在紐約創立「江青舞蹈團」(至八五年),舞團和她的獨舞晚會不斷在世界各地演出,並應邀參加國際性的藝術活動。
一九八二至八四年應邀出任香港舞蹈團第一任藝術總監。
江青曾任教於美國加州柏克萊大學、紐約亨特大學、瑞典舞蹈學院以及北京舞蹈學院。
一九八五年江青移居瑞典,此後以自由編導身分在世界各地進行舞蹈創作和獨舞演出,並經常參加歌劇和話劇的編導工作。
江青的藝術生涯也開始向跨別類、多媒體、多元化發展。其舞台創作演出包括:紐約古根漢博物館、紐約大都會歌劇院、倫敦Old Vic劇場、瑞典皇家話劇院、維也納人民歌劇院、瑞士Bern城市劇場、柏林世界文化中心、中國國家歌劇院等。
江青創作了多部舞台和電影劇本,其中《童年》獲一九九三年臺灣優秀電影劇本獎。
江青(舞蹈家) - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/江青_(舞蹈家)
2008年10月,江青的至愛比雷爾辭世。他們相知相守三十三年,一夕間 ...
https://zh-tw.facebook.com/pintolivros/posts/599211130107534
一九八五年江青移居瑞典,此後以自由編導身份在世界各地進行舞蹈創作和獨舞演出,並經常參加歌劇和話劇的編導工作,她的藝術生涯也開始向跨別類、多媒體、多元化發展。她的舞台創作演出其中包括:紐約古庚漢博物館、紐約大都會歌劇院、倫敦Old Vic 劇場、瑞典皇家話劇院、維也納人民歌劇院、瑞士Bern 城市劇場、柏林世界文化中心、中國國家歌劇院。 她創作了多部舞台和電影劇本,其中《童年》獲一九九三年台灣優秀電影劇本獎。著有:《江青的往時.往事.往思》〈1991〉、《藝壇拾片》〈2010〉、《江青《江青的往時.往事.往思》台北:時報文化,1991
內容簡介
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三好達治;三好達治詩集
三好達治詩集 (1971年) (岩波文庫) 文庫 – 古書, 1971/1/16
詩を読む人のために (岩波文庫)
1991/1/16
三好 達治
文庫
三好達治随筆集 (岩波文庫)
1990/1/16
三好 達治、 孝次, 中野
文庫
¥ 596中古 & 新品(6 出品)
Wikipedia
日本語
Tatsuji Miyoshi (三好 達治 Miyoshi Tatsuji, 23 August 1900 – 5 April 1964) was a Japanesepoet, literary critic, and literary editoractive during the Shōwa period of Japan. He is known for his lengthy free verse poetry, which often portray loneliness and isolation as part of contemporary life, but which are written in a complex, highly literary style reminiscent of classical Japanese poetry.
Contents
[hide]
1Early life
2Literary career
3Legacy
4See also
5References
6Notes
測量船
三好達治
+目次
春の岬
http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001749/files/55797_55505.html
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James Michener:The Hokusai Sketchbooks (1958);The Floating World (1954)
James Albert Michener (February 3, 1907 - October 16, 1997) was an American author of more than 40 titles, the majority of which are novels of sweeping sagas, covering the lives of many generations in a particular geographic locale and incorporating historical facts into the story as well. Michener was known for the meticulous research behind his work.
Michener's major novels include Tales of the South Pacific (for which he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1948), Hawaii, The Drifters, Centennial, The Source, The Fires of Spring, Chesapeake, Caribbean, Caravans, Alaska, Texas, and Poland. His nonfiction works include his 1968Iberia about his travels in Spain and Portugal, his 1992 memoir The World is My Home, and Sports in America.
The Floating World (1954)
The Hokusai Sketchbooks (1958)
James Michener的作品一覽表
Michener's major novels include Tales of the South Pacific (for which he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1948), Hawaii, The Drifters, Centennial, The Source, The Fires of Spring, Chesapeake, Caribbean, Caravans, Alaska, Texas, and Poland. His nonfiction works include his 1968Iberia about his travels in Spain and Portugal, his 1992 memoir The World is My Home, and Sports in America.
"I am always interested in why young people become writers, and from talking with many I have concluded that most do not want to be writers working eight and ten hours a day and accomplishing little; they want to have been writers, garnering the rewards of having completed a best-seller. They aspire to the rewards of writing but not to the travail."
James Michenerの本
199 葛飾北齋と浮世絵 2017-09-15 漢清講堂
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2mvLSoT3OQ&feature=push-u-sub&attr_tag=iuZV7A7QUBsaH6oq-6
我只有James Michener的兩本浮世繪相關作品:The Floating World (1954)
The Hokusai Sketchbooks (1958)
James Michener的作品一覽表
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