《苦悶的英雄》(1964年。 收入《遠方》1978,pp.113-118和《許達然散文精選集》2011,pp.32-36;前書有出處注而無年份,後書無注而標寫作年份。我看了1978年的書才注意英譯者之一為名詩人 W. H. Auden)
Markings
Hammarskjöld, D. (1963) Albert Bonniers Förlag
Dag Hammarskjöld himself describes Markings as “the only true ‘profile’ that can be drawn”. Markings consists of short diary-like notes, prose and haiku poems. The texts are in the same order and form as Hammarskjöld himself left them. Notes and explanations can be found in the end of the book. The dating begins in 1925 and the last entry was written a few weeks before his death. Markings is not a book that you can rush through, since each paragraph requires reflection. Markings is a true classic. Since its discovery in 1963 it has been translated into a number of different languages.
Image may be NSFW. Clik here to view.Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld was Secretary-General of the United Nations from 10 April 1953 until 18 September 1961 when he met his death in a plane accident while on a peace mission in the Congo. He was born on 29 July 1905 in Jonkoping in south-central Sweden. The fourth son of Hjalmar Hammarskjöld, Prime Minister of Sweden during the years of World War I, and his wife Agnes, M.C. (b. Almquist), he was brought up in the university town of Uppsala where his father resided as Governor of the county of Uppland.
美國人查爾斯•M•索撒爾(Charles M. Southall)在1961年為美國國家安全局(NSA)在塞浦路斯的監聽站工作。那時他還是個年輕的小伙子。索撒爾回憶道,飛機失事那天夜裡,他聽到了一段實時錄音,錄音中,一名飛行員報告擊落了哈馬舍爾德的飛機。索撒爾認為美國中央情報局(CIA)與此事有牽連。他對威廉斯說:“如果CIA沒有下令謀殺哈馬舍爾德,那他們至少為凶手付了錢。”恩多拉機場官員的表現也十分可疑。哈馬舍爾德的飛機向恩多拉機場請求降落後不久就消失了。英國高級專員奧爾波特勳爵(Lord Alport)說,他覺得飛機肯定是“飛去別的地方了”,然後就關閉了機場。在有飛機突然失踪時,這種反應太不正常了。次日,搜查活動很晚才開始。哈馬舍爾德的飛機失踪15個小時後,官方才宣布找到飛機的殘骸,而飛機的殘骸距離恩多拉機場不過8英里。但威廉斯發現了一些證據,證明在官方宣布找到失事飛機殘骸幾個小時之前,事故現場就已經被發現。嫌犯可以利用這段時間重新佈置事故現場,甚至槍殺哈馬舍爾德——假如他沒有在墜機事故中喪生的話。事故後攝於醫院的一張哈馬舍爾德的照片顯示,他的額頭上有一個明顯的白點。戈德斯通說:“那有可能是一個彈孔。”的確,奧爾波特在1993年的一份備忘錄中有一句話格外引人注目,他寫道,哈馬舍爾德“在墜機後不久身亡”。哈馬舍爾德是被謀殺的。只是不清楚兇手是誰。甚至可能同時有兩撥人在策劃謀殺他。哈馬舍爾德有許多敵人,其中不乏狠毒之徒。戈德斯通1961年時在約翰內斯堡。他回憶道,哈馬舍爾德去世的消息傳出後,南非許多白人興高采烈。在當時的中部非洲,各種骯髒的故事輪番上演。比如說,比利時後來承認,曾參與1961年1月暗殺剛果總理帕特里斯•盧蒙巴(Patrice Lumumba)的行動。假如聯合國重新調查此事,可能會發現一些令人尷尬的事實。即便羅得西亞人在英國不知情的情況下謀殺了哈馬舍爾德,英國也脫不開干係,因為英國負責中非聯邦的外交政策。如果美國的情報機構也受到此事牽連,那就更尷尬了。戈德斯通告誡稱,我們很可能永遠都沒法肯定兇手到底是誰。他說:“這是個概率問題,而非不容置疑的事情。”但幾乎可以肯定,調查會有所發現。譯者/吳蔚
When Dag Hammarskjöld’s body was recovered from the crash site in Ndola, Zambia, where the Albertina, his chartered DC-6, went down on the night of September 18, 1961, he was lying on his back, propped up against an ant hill, immaculately dressed as always, in neatly pressed trousers and a white shirt with cuff links. His left hand was clutching some leaves and twigs, leaving rescuers to think he might have survived for a time after being thrown clear of the wreckage. Searchers also retrieved his briefcase. Inside were a copy of the New Testament, a German edition of poems by Rainer Maria Rilke, a novel by the French writer Jean Giono, and copies of the Jewish philosopher Martin Buber’s I and Thou in German and English. Folded into his wallet were some copies of American newspaper cartoons mocking him, together with a scrap of paper with the first verses of “Be-Bop-a-Lula” by Gene Vincent and His Blue Caps. Searchers also recovered some sheets of yellow lined legal paper filled with his minute, neat—some called it Japanese—handwriting. This enabled investigators to conclude that in flight he had been working on a translation of Buber’s I and Thou. There is a photograph of the Jewish prophet and the spry Swede taken together in Jerusalem in 1958. Hammarskjöld liked quoting Buber’s apodictic remark: “The only reply to distrust is candor.” In a jolting aircraft traveling through the night sky over the African jungle, the secretary-general devoted his final moments alive to turning Buber’s difficult thoughts into English:
This is the exalted melancholy of our fate that every Thou in our world must become an It.
Any reckoning with Dag Hammarskjöld’s life has to begin in Ndola. Clues to his elusive inner life were strewn across the crash site and the crash itself has never been conclusively explained. His colleague and first biographer, Brian Urquhart, blamed the crash on pilot error and dismissed the conspiracy theories that had sprung up around his death, but the new biography by Roger Lipsey gives considerable attention to the possibility that he was murdered. Zambian charcoal burners working in the forest near the airport that night, and interviewed by a succession of investigators in the years since, have always claimed they saw another plane fire at Hammarskjöld’s aircraft before it plunged to earth. In 2011, a British scholar, Susan Williams, reignited the debate over his death in a book entitled Who Killed Hammarskjöld?1 On the basis of extensive new forensic and archival research, she speculated that the mystery plane might have been a Belgian fighter aircraft working for the Katangese rebels. Hammarskjöld had plenty of enemies: white racist Rhodesians opposed to his support of African liberation; Belgian mining interests aligned with the breakaway Congolese province of Katanga that the UN was trying to bring to heel; the CIA and the KGB, each battling …