維基百科，自由的百科全書
朱利安·格拉克（Julien Gracq，1910年7月27日－2007年12月22日），又譯葛哈克，法國作家。他認為作家不該比作品出名，所以他是目前法國文壇中最低調的作家之一。 他受了德國浪漫主義以及超現實主義影響，他的作品摻雜著怪異的內容以及富想像力的意象。
他第一本作品《阿爾戈古堡》被Gallimard出版社拒絕後，由出版商荷西·科提發行，從此格拉克的書都由他發行。超現實主義的創始人安德烈‧布勒東在當時對小說及論說文有革命性的影響，格拉克雖然從來沒正式加入超現實主義一派，但是他的作品忠於超現實主義的精神，而且他也很推崇布勒東的論調。
在1950年他在恩培多克利斯文摘發表了一份嚴苛的論文，批評當代文學及文學獎的問題。他對自己提出的批評身體力行，在隔年因《流沙海岸》得龔古爾文學獎時拒絕領獎，因此還引起軒然大波。
他在1960年代起開始發表許多批評文學的作品（《癖好》、《大號字母上下集》、《讀它，寫它》），這些作品顯出他的崇高的文化素養及銳利的批評。
作品：[編輯]
 | 維基語錄上的相關摘錄：朱利安·格拉克 |
- 阿爾戈古堡（1938年）小說
- 陰鬱的美男子（1945年）小說
- 巨大的自由（1946年）詩集
- 安德烈·布勒東（1948年）短文
- 漁夫國王（1948年）戲劇
- 肚裡的文學（1950年）論文
- 流沙海岸（1951年）小說，龔古爾文學獎，格拉克拒領。
- 林中陽台（1958年）小說
- 癖好（1961年）論說文集
- 大號字母上集（1967年）論說文集《首字花飾》 華東師範
- 半島（1970年）短篇小說
- 大號字母下集（1974年）論說文集《首字花飾 2》 華東師範
- 窄溪（1976年）故事
- 讀它，寫它（1980年）論說文集《邊讀邊寫》 華東師範
- 城市的形狀（1985年）
- 在七座山旁（1988年）
- 大路筆記（1992年）《大路》 華東師範
- 維護（2002年）
外接連結[編輯]
Julien Gracq (27 July 1910 – 22 December 2007), born Louis Poirier in Saint-Florent-le-Vieil, in the French département of Maine-et-Loire, was a French writer.[1] He wrote novels, critiques, a play, and poetry. His literary works were noted for their dreamlike abstraction, elegant style and refined vocabulary. He was close to the surrealist movement, in particular its leader André Breton.[1]
Life[edit]
Gracq first studied in Paris at the Lycée Henri IV, where he earned his baccalauréat. He then entered the École Normale Supérieure in 1930, later studying at the École libre des sciences politiques (Sciences Po.)
In 1932, he read André Breton's Nadja, which deeply influenced him. His first novel, The Castle of Argol is dedicated to that surrealist writer, to whom he devoted a whole book in 1948.
During the Second World War, he was a prisoner of war in Silesia with other officers of the French Army. One of the friendships he formed there was with author and literary critic Armand Hoog.
In 1950, he published a fierce attack on contemporary literary culture and literary prizes in the review Empédocle titled La Littérature à l'estomac. When he won the Prix Goncourt forThe Opposing Shore (Le Rivage des Syrtes) the following year, he remained consistent with his criticism and refused the prize.[1]
Gracq taught history and geography in secondary school (high school) until he retired in 1970.
In 1979, he wrote the foreword to a re-edition of the Journal de l'analogiste (1954) bySuzanne Lilar, a work he called a "sumptuous initiation to poetry" ("une initiation somptueuse à la poésie").
In 1989, Gracq's work was published by the Bibliothèque de la Pléiade. He remained distant from major literary events and faithful to his first publisher, José Corti.
Gracq lived a quiet life in his native town of Saint-Florent-le-Vieil, on the banks of the Loire River. On 22 December 2007, a couple of days after suffering a dizzy spell, he died at the age of 97 in a hospital in Angers.
The Opposing Shore[edit]
Main article: The Opposing Shore
The Opposing Shore (Le Rivage des Syrtes - 1951) is Julien Gracq's most famous novel.
A novel of waiting, it is set in an old fortress close to a sea which defines the ancestral border between the stagnant principality of Orsenna and the territory of its archenemy, the mysterious Farghestan. Its lonely characters are caught in a no man's land, waiting for something to happen and wondering whether something should be done to bring about change, particularly when change may mean the death of civilisations.
Works[edit]
- Au château d’Argol, 1938 (novel) (English translation: The Castle of Argol)
- Un beau ténébreux, 1945 (novel) (English translation: A Dark Stranger)
- Liberté grande, 1947 (poetry)
- Le Roi pêcheur, 1948 (play)
- André Breton, quelques aspects de l’écrivain, 1948 (critique)
- La Littérature à l'estomac, 1949
- Le Rivage des Syrtes, 1951 (novel) (English translation: The Opposing Shore)
- Prose pour l’Etrangère, 1952
- Penthésilée, 1954
- Un balcon en forêt, 1958 (novel) (English translation: A Balcony in the Forest)
- Préférences, 1961
- Lettrines, 1967
- La Presqu’île, 1970
- Le Roi Cophetua, 1970 (novel) (English translation: King Cophetua); it inspired the film Rendezvous at Bray, directed by André Delvaux
- Lettrines II, 1974
- Les Eaux Etroites, 1976 (Allusions, allegories and metaphors on a French river, l'Èvre.) (English title: The Narrow Waters)
- En lisant en écrivant, 1980 (English translation: Reading Writing)
- La Forme d’une ville, 1985 (English translation: The Shape of a City)
- Autour des sept collines, 1988
- Carnets du grand chemin, 1992
- Entretiens, 2002
See also[edit]
- Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century, a list which includes The Opposing Shore